Episode Transcript
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Speaker 1 (00:02):
I guess what podcast listeners, So Will isn't here today,
but I did want to tell you a quick story.
So years ago, we were brainstorming a game show for
this big production company who wanted to work with us,
and we came up with this concept called Smartest Person
in the World. Actually, there's some debate about the title
because one person in the group thought it should be
called Smartest Human Being in the World, because he insisted
(00:24):
human beings were a funnier title. But it was this
ridiculous quiz show and we were trying to figure out
what the big challenge would be and we were stumped,
and finally we thought, what if you took a smart person,
gave them some materials like a lab or big textbook
on optometry, and told them, why don't you just make
a pair of glasses? Like could the smartest person in
the world or smartest human being in the world just
(00:46):
forged together some glasses in thirty minutes on this weird
reality show. And now that I say it out loud,
it sounds like a terrible idea, or like a more
ridiculous version of nailed It. But thinking about that show
idea made us wonder, how hard is it to create
a civilization from scratch, Like, if we had enough time,
could we build a bicycle or figure out how to
spin silk or make those pair of glasses we were
(01:08):
talking about? And is there a funny instructional book that
tells you how to do all of this? It turns
out there is. Let's dig in. Welcome to Part Time Genius.
(01:37):
I'm together, Tristan's in the booth wearing his I Miss
Will t shirt, and Will is off officiating a wedding
for a college friend of ours. Happy wedding day, Joyce.
But as a side note, if you want Will to
officiate your wedding and Tristan to DJ the after party,
you can always hit us up at Part Time Genius
at how stuff Works dot com. Tristan, please don't edit
(01:58):
that part out. So today we've got a very special
author on the show. He's the brains behind Dinosaur Comics.
He's one awards for his comic book writing, including Penning
Adventure Time, the New jug Head. But he's here to
talk to us about his new book, How to Invent Everything.
Welcome to the program, Ryan North, Thank you for having
me so I really loved How to Invent Everything. It's
(02:18):
this ridiculous and hilarious guide to rebuilding a civilization from scratch.
But the concept is way more interesting than that, and
I was wondering if you'd mind telling our listeners a
little bit about it. Yeah, sure, so. Um, the premise
of the book, it's sort of a nonfiction core wrapped
in a fictional candy coding. The premise of the book
is that this is a it's a found document. It's
(02:41):
a repair guide for a time machine. If you go
back in time and your time machine breaks down, this
is how you fix it. But after the first couple
of pages of the book admits that, like, look, time
machines are the most complicated machines humans have ever built.
There's no use servical parts, and so you're not gonna
fix it in the year two. You're trapped where you are,
but we're not gonna leave you stranded. Here's how you
bring the future back to you by reinventing all the
(03:03):
basically the low hanging fruit of citialization. Everything you miss
is in this book from from first principles. And we
don't assume like what time period you're in or what
tools you have. It's all like from basics here's how
it works. So for the stranded time traveler it should
be legitimately useful in those circumstances, but for the non stranded,
for us who are just going through time at one
second per second and only ever forward. It's also like
(03:25):
an interesting book that makes you feel like a more
competent person in the world. That I feel a lot
better having written it. I'd feel a lot more prepared
to do lots of things, among which is be stranded
in the past. Yeah, so I guess I was curious
about that, Like how much were you interested in these
things before you wrote this book? Like what was the
motivation for writing this? Yeah? Like age six to sixteen.
(03:48):
Basically this is all I thought about, cause I saw
Back to the future and Martin mcflig goes back in time,
and like, that's amazing. What would I do if I
was trapped in time and I kept coming back to
this idea that you know, I'd be saying, oh, it's great.
In the future have computers, and people would say, great,
how do they work? Can I say, I don't know,
but you're gonna love them. I have no proof. And
(04:09):
I wanted to be that person to be like, oh,
how does it mean to work? No problem. And by
the way, here's an internal combustion engine, and here's like
everything else you need. So it was something that I
sort of fantasized about, and I kept waiting for um
this book to be written, and finally I wrote up myself,
which I think is the origin story of a lot
of books. We all write the books we'd like to read. Yeah, definitely,
(04:29):
I mean you know that that was always our goal
at Metal Fhiss two, was trying to make people interested
in something they didn't think they could be interested in.
You know, we used to have these conversations in our
dorm rooms. Will and I actually about like if we
went back in time, what we could actually do, like
how confident would be and really, other than telling people
to like wash their hands a lot, like, we really
didn't feel like we had much advice of them. But
(04:50):
you know, I was there, you need soap, like but
that that's the thing, like you write about how to
make soap, like why horses can only use certain type
of caller. It was like you have this argument between
like a water wheel enthusiasts and windmill enthusiasts, and like, honestly,
I had never thought i'd have an opinion on on
why windmills are better, but it really is terrific, Thank you.
(05:12):
I mean, it's it's the way it normally works. As
you may know, when writing a nonfiction book, He's right
kind of a proposal. We say, here's the book I
want to write, and here's a sample chapter, and here's
the table of contents, and here's what I want to do,
and you try to get people than that. But for
this book, I wasn't at all confident that what I
was trying to do was possible collapsalization into four hundreds
and odd pages, and I wasn't sure that would work,
(05:33):
and I wasn't sure if I could do it, if
it would be useful like I would. I was worried
about contecting it so much. It would be at level
of you know, you need food to live, find some
food and need it, and you wouldn't learn anything. So
I actually wrote a fifty words for the proposal. I
cut down into a smaller amount um and then sort
of point from there. But I wasn't at all confident
that this book woul actually come together, because it was
(05:53):
just it seemed like, this is the craziest thing I've
ever tried to do it is I mean I and
the fact that like I walk away no ing, what's
a better like way to harness the horse is amazing
and it's it's told in like diagrams and just a
few sentences, you know, and it is it is stunning.
I do want to talk about some of the specifics
if you're up for it. You know, fairly early in
(06:13):
the book you talk about written language and the importance
of creating a language, and you discuss pictograms, which I
hadn't really thought about, like those don't really work as
a language when read, you know, and and and could
you explain that a little bit because I really found
that fascinating. Yeah, that's what came out. I was at
the XO EXO conference last weekend and we're talking about
emojis a lot there, and it's sort of a similar
(06:33):
idea where people you can say, oh, emojis are language,
and I went to school for linguistics from the guy
being like, I'm actually there's different seeing there's a difference
between communication and language, right, So, like you can communicate
with the dog and you know what your dogs feelings
are communicating with you, and you're exchanging feelings if not
legitimate commands, right, And there's difference. So you can really
(06:57):
communicate with animals but you can't really have a language
with them in the same way we have language right now.
And one of the main differences between pictograms and words
is that words have a specific meaning. So I think
in the Book of example of a picture of a
woman tossing your hair in the emoji style and a
peach and sunglasses. I think, and if you know the
story those emodia you're trying to tell, you can reconstruct
(07:19):
it from those pictograms. And a cool woman ate a peach.
That's what this is trying to say. But if you
don't know, the story could also be like, oh, cool
peach was around a woman, or a woman got transformed
into a cool peach by aliens, And there's all this
stuff that you are reading into it. Because it doesn't
have one specific meaning, it's more like a reminder than
an actual narrative. With words, the whole point of language
(07:41):
is to communicate clearly, and so words tending. You can
still have miscommunications, but we try to minimize those in
language that we can communicate quickly and acturally and not
you know, be passing pictures back and forth. Yeah, I
mean I thought you have this like long sentence there
about like I forget what it was, exactly like aliens
being in the glasses or something, you know, in the
shadow at the glasses of never in reflection, and and
(08:01):
it was just so perfectly illustrative of the fact that
these aren't you know, one to one is pretty amazing.
And and also the fact that I didn't realize this,
but Eastern Island had a script that's never been deciphered, Like,
oh god, yeah, that's that's I mean, I'm trying to
communicate in the book. It's terrifying, Aby, the whole thing
terrifying because um, it's this written script and basically Europeans
(08:23):
show up and wreck everything in an unprecedented event. It
will never happen again, and so they bring disease, and
they bring like slavery raids and all this horrible stuff.
When they first show up, it's understood that this is writing,
but only the elites can understand it. And then when
they come back onto years later in the the island
is in a horrible condition. There's only a few people left,
(08:44):
and that knowledge of the script is lost, and so
you know what had been words is now just squiggles
that nobody understands, and it it really drove home the
idea to me that, like, you know, language is a technology,
it's something we invented and we don't get it for
and writing downwards something we had to think of and
then do, and just like any technology, we can lose it.
(09:05):
An the idea of like losing the written word, it
feels like you're just cutting the heart out of any civilization,
Like it's it's such a devastating blow that would be
so hard to recover from. So I thought it was
a great example of just like things are more precious
than we tend to think they are, and pullly, as
you bick of this, as writing can can still be forgotten.
Speaking of that, like you do this great section on farming.
(09:27):
I mean you go through everything from like why you
leave a field, follow for a while, and like all
sorts of things. But it's a lot of work. Yeah,
I mean, but it's a small chapter. That's what's amazing
about it. But you know, you talk about ancient corn
and peaches and watermelon being completely different, and would you
tell us a little bit about what those were like
and how they tasted. So we have this idea of
selective breeding where we basically the right thing about like
(09:50):
to breeding is this is one of the technologies you
kind of get without trying because it's just human nature.
If you have a plant that has you know, larger fruit,
you plant those seeds next year because it's a better
plant to be planting. And so you tend to add
this evolutionary pressure to get the kind of plants you want.
But um, the results of that are things like peaches
where these we have these giants sucking with peaches in
(10:11):
the past, where these like hard sour things no one
really want to eat, but they're nothing. Corn is it
comes from this ancient grain that's just like basically grass.
And the crazy thing about corn is we haven't been
able to figure out exactly how you get corn out
of out of this ancient ancestor. It feels like it
(10:32):
must have been this one in a million, either random
cross breeding or mutation. But something changed to produce the
larger heads of corn with these giant kernels. We can
eat that. Um, it's just we don't know how to
do it yet. Yeah, I mean, it's not like in
in your book like you'd only get something like four
or five kernels of edible corn off a cob, which
(10:55):
is just crazy to think about. But I mean, if
that's if that's the state of the art, that's what
you go with. You don't you don't imagine our modern corn.
It's ridiculously convenient packaging. We're just throwing the barbecue and
then peel it off and you've got this de wicious
corn ready to go, Like it's it's it's the thing
where you know, you think of the natural world as
being permanent and unchanging, when we're surrounded by evidence of
(11:16):
human influence on this natural world, like we've been changing
it since we've been humane to make it easier first.
So I was like, it is remarkable. Um So another
thing that I hadn't really thought about. You feel like
this whole book is things I hadn't thought about. But
one of the things I hadn't thought about was, um
(11:38):
that that you have to test foods for edibility, right,
like if if you're coming from the future and you
don't know what you're looking at, that you need water
and salt water on hand, Like could you talk to
us through the process and why it might take something
like seventeen hours to determine whether food is edible or not. Yeah,
it's it's called the universal edibility test. And if you're
not trapped in the past, it's also useful. If you're, say,
(11:58):
trapped in the woods, no survivable situation, you know what
to eat. And so basically you're you're taking a tiny
bit of this candidate food and you just touch it
to your skin and then wait fifteen minutes or something
horrible to happen, for your skin to erupt or bog,
your crawl out of it, or something that's not gonna happen.
But then you're looking for a reaction, and then if
that works, you press it to your lips, then the
(12:18):
inside of your lips, and then your gum, and then
you chwold and spit it out. Then you chew it
and hold in your mouth, and then you chew it
and s While I'm taking fifteen minutes between each of
these steps, it takes I think it is it's sixteen hours.
Remember I forget how Yeah, I want to say it
was seventeen hours to do this. Yeah, but at the
end of this, you know it's probably safe to eat.
But that is pretty remarkable. It was It was fun
(12:42):
um research in the book because I was reading a
lot of survival books for the present right, because they're
not unrelated scenarios. And when thay I discovered is that
there are some survival books out there they're just completely bonkers.
I was talking about food spoiling and say, you know,
when the apocalypse happens, not if, but when you want
to be eating food that's in tin cans and stuff
or in fridges. And by the way, don't worry about
(13:03):
food going bad. That's a that's a myth. Food doesn't
go bad. You can still eat it just doesn't taste good,
but it still has nutrition in it. And I'm like,
I don't that's not That was like a stick to
the second edition Excellent Fishing, and that's fish can go bad. Yeah,
I'm pretty sure. You know. There was a time when
we used to look for funny prizes for UM a
(13:25):
trivia show. We used to go around doing and and
I found a survivalist site that produced um peanut butter
and jelly in a can. And it was just meant
to be on shelves waiting for you, so that in
the future you could pull out like a fresh peanut
butter and jelly sandwich, which is just amazing to me.
But the word fresh is a very generous used the
word fresh. I've never made a B and J sandwich.
(13:49):
So you know what this will. I'll let this cure
for a couple of weeks before I eat, and then
it's going to beat the way. So um. You know.
You also have a great section on plants that are
useful and and uh, and there's a whole list of them,
from apples to white mulberries where silkworms can grow, to rubber,
to sugarcane. But you also include tobacco on this list,
(14:11):
and I was curious why you chose to do that.
Was that just for humor or for historical purposes or
what was it? I mean, it's not a very glowing
review of tobacco. You should do is smoke this stuff.
But it's one of the plants that has had this
huge impact on human history, right, Like, it turns out
that when humans find tobacco, they eventually try smoking it,
(14:32):
and so knowing not to do that can save your
civil your potential future civilization, like millions and millions in
medical costs and lives cut down too soon. So I
felt like that was more of a be careful with
this one than by the way. Yeah. Actually, you know,
for the listeners, I I will note that I'll read
the quote you've put in the notes section under tobacco
(14:54):
avoid introducing tobacco to your civilization. You will save billions
of dollars, millions of lives and prevent the invention of vaping,
which I found really funny. Oh man, I just laughed
at my own joke. How embarrassing. But books you write,
it takes a year or two and then you forget
the jokes you put in until you have them played
back to. That's pretty good past me. So do you
(15:14):
have any plans that you are particularly partial to on
on this list of yours. There's a footnote for I
believe orange plants talking about scurvy and citrus, and it's
one of the most ridiculous footnotes in the book. So
it's talking about, you know, citrus prevents scurvy, and scurvy
is a horrible disease that kills you eventually after making
you be in pain for a long long time. And
(15:35):
the British Empire discovered, or like humists in general, discovered
that vitamin C is an orange juice and that prevents scurvy,
and then forgot that fact so many times throughout history,
and it would be funny if people weren't dying every
time it happened. And the most, the most outbreaking was
the British discover this not great, we solve scurvy. It's done.
(15:56):
And then you know, fifty years go by, they invent steamships,
so people are traveling faster at sea. And also this
very nutrition shorts people better vitamin C reserves, and so
nobody notices that when the British Army shifts from fresh
juice to this stored lime juice that they run through
copper pipes, which kills a vitamin seeing it that they're
scurvy cure no longer works because's being masked by the
(16:18):
fact that people are at sea for longer. And then
you hit this great age of exploration in Antarctica and
people start getting a scurvey again and they're well, our
cure is clearly not working, so we're out of ideas.
Be bad morale causes the scurvy, and you're like back
at square one again. You're like, why how do we
keep forgetting this information? It's a disease that you can
cure by eating an orange. The medicine is the same
(16:39):
as the cure. It's it's heartbreaking but also hilarious, but
also not funny at all because all these people are
dying from just the stupidest reasons. Yeah, when we UH
used to put out t shirts that Menophaus, one of
the first jokes I'd written for that was shirt with
a pirate on it and said, when life gives you scurvy,
make lemonade. And it's very divisive because people didn't like
(17:02):
the idea of a scurvy joke on a shirt, but
it's legitimate advice though. Well, we're going to be back
with Ryan North right after a little break. Welcome back
(17:26):
to Part Time Genius. But we're talking with Ryan North,
the author of How To Invent Everything. So we're just
talking about plants. But I do want to get into
animal husbandry because you have a section on that and
uh it is really fun as well. I'm curious what
animal did you like riding up the most. There's this
whole thing in medicine. I'm talking Western medicine, but it
(17:46):
applies a lot of them where we are operating under
the wrong idea of what medicine is for thousands of years,
and in Western indsineces idea of the four humors that
are in imbalance, and because of that, you might have
too much blood, and that's the reason you know you
have cancer, not for another medical reason. You have too
much blood, We'll suck it up with the leech. And
so the leech was a way to talk about, you know,
(18:08):
how bad ideas of what diseases can cause bad treatments,
and how there is no medical use for a leech
at any point in history. Then a footnote saying, okay, fine,
there's a tiny medical use in the eighties we realize
that leech has had this one drug that was useful
in cosmetic surgery. Then we synthesize it five years later.
So in this narrow window, you can use leeches, but
(18:28):
you shouldn't be used anywhere else in time like, it's
just this idea that humans have, where I say humans like,
I'm not one of them. This idea we have when
we want onto this bad conception of what something is
and not examine it for literally thousands of years. It
makes the point of view of a time traveler saying
there's a lot of things you can fix here, like
there's there's ways for humanity to improve our history simply
(18:52):
by not treating diseases with leeches for a thousands of years,
that'll that'll be a lot better. And you mentioned silkworms
as well, what you talk a little bit about that. Yeah, silkworms, Um,
they're there, I believe, the only domesticated insect we have.
And it has not worked out too well for silkworms
because they used to, you know, just feed on these
(19:13):
leaves of this white mulberry plant and then spin this
cocoon of a single piece of silk and then emerges
these new animals. And now since we've domesticated them, they
spin this cocoon of silk and those that do emerge
only live for a couple of days. They can't eat
unless they're force fed, they can't fly, they're blind, and
they're just like these unhappy little beasts. And most of
(19:35):
them we stick in boiling water to kill them and
harvest their silk. So they're the only dovestigated insect, but
hasn't been a real success story from the silkworm's point
of view. That's definitely just knowing, you know, where silk
comes from, could make you millions of dollars at certain
point in history, cause it was it was this big secret,
and they're all these ideas like where the silk come from?
(19:55):
You know, I heard it's when this is one insect
that if you eat too much, the bloads in this
explosion of silk. But yeah, sort of like it's a
telephone in a game, like someone who came from an
insect but didn't know how the silk happened, and you
sort of get this result down the road, and that's
pretty impressive. So one of the things I also really
liked in the section was about goats. And I'm a
(20:16):
fan of goats anyway, because they helped us discover coffee.
But you also write that they're a great way to
get rid of poison ivy. Why is that so? Poison
ivy is fascinating because, um, it has a horrible effect
on humans, and it's probably an accident. There's no evolutionary
reason for this to affect only humans and one other
ape and that's it. So it seems to be an accident.
(20:38):
Poison ivy is even poisoned in the first place and
doesn't affect goats, but goats love to eat it, and
so if you have poison ivy, you can rent a
goat and just put it on your land and then
we'll eat up all the poison I belong with your
other stuff. And I have to do is be careful
not to pet the goat or drink the goat's milk
by accident over the next couple of days, and your
problem is solved. That's remarkable to the kind of person
who sort of ends up accidentally drinking goat milk the time.
(21:01):
Here we go again, So this is back to an
earlier question, But like, I feel like you've written a
bunch of these, um, really unusual books or the concepts
for the books are really unusual. And you've also written
these books that tackles Shakespeare but treat them almost like
choose your own adventure books. What was your inspiration for
writing this style of book? Like, were there models of
(21:24):
these books or tones that you sort of were drawn
to when you're growing up. No, Um, I'm I'm actually
hoping there's more books like this. I hadn't read a
book before that had, um a fictional conceit around a
nonfiction core, And I know my publishers were works are like, well,
people think this is all fake information. We had this
(21:45):
huge babilyogrey with all the sources I referenced, so you
know that there this is all real, except for the
time travel parts, which is not real. But it was.
It was less of books I read and more movies
I saw to Time Travel Adventures, where usually pretty much
every time travel movie I've seen, there's not a person
(22:05):
who's like, I'm prepared for this scenario for I have
research just the information I had to her in this book.
So I just like the idea of someone who you know,
wakes up in the year negative and says, great, I
know exactly what to do today. Well, I feel like
that in in the beginning, Like I feel like one
of the things about time travel movies as people are
(22:25):
always disputing whether or not time travel can work, or
like the laws of time traveler or whatever, and I
like that you address them right up front. Yeah, I
sort of had to, because I the whole premise is
it's a rental time machine, right, And I feel like
if you can go back and step on a butterfly
and destroy the universe, it's wildly irresponsible in the rental
time machines, but it builds this model of time travel
(22:46):
whenever you go back in time, you create a new
parallel timeline where everything is the same except you're there,
and so you can't mess up the world you're from,
which works for a time travel adventure, but it's also
like has huge ethical implications of just creating at a
parallel war world for tourism purposes. There's no consequences, but
it's filled with living, breathing people. It's like a nightmare holidack,
(23:08):
but works really good for this the purposes of this book.
I agree. So you have a section on medicine and
how to invent it where you talking about things like
germ theory and and baselines for normal humans, but you
also have the sidebar on a rehydration drink, and I
was curious why you included that. Yeah, so this rehydration
drink is it's like everything else, it's a real drink,
(23:30):
and um, like everything else in the book, I should
say it's real, but um, the reason I included it
is because there's tons of diseases that don't technically kill
you from the disease. They kill you from diarrhea, from
just dehydration of pooping so much, and it's such an
unfair way to die. Plus it can be treated. If
you're just drinking this rehydration rink even though your vomity,
(23:51):
drink it between the vomits, you'll be fine. And the
trick is it's got some solvent so lets your body
absorbed water slightly faster. And it's just a it's a
really easy and really easy to make medicine you can
make out of water and salt at any time period
that can literally save lives if someone is having a
disease that makes them poper vomit too much as dehydrating them. Yeah. No,
I mean it's incredible that dehydration is one of the
(24:13):
biggest causes of depth through human history. I mean that
is something I just had never thought about. Yeah, I was.
I was worried. There a lot of sections that worried
me at the start. In medicine was one of them
because I was thinking, you know, what can I tell
you that's usable, it's practical, like if you're years ago,
what can I tell you it's going to be valuable?
But even just that is insanely valuable, Like you can
save so many lives without just knowing how to make
(24:33):
it and went to administer it also had the benefit
that you know, killers like heart disease and cancer aren't
going to be a big concern if you're in the
distant past because you have to live a long time
usually for those who have an effect on you. Yeah, yeah,
that's true. So I do want to go back to
one of the things I have referenced in the beginning,
which was the discussion of water wheels versus windmills, And
I was curious if you could talk about the benefits
(24:55):
of both of those and why a windmill might be superior. Oh,
you're on team and mill interesting. So basically what you
want with either a water mill or windmill is to
turn a wheel, because a wheel can power machinery which
can grind your grain and do all sorts of saw
your would, all sorts of interesting things, hammer your iron.
It's basically a machine doing the work for you. And
(25:18):
water wheels are great because water carries more force when
it moves, but you need water moving water to do that. Well.
Windmills you just need the air and you can place
them anywhere. Um So the windmill you have the advantage
of you can move it more easily to target the wind,
and you can place some in areas where you can
place a water wheel, but at the disadvantage that wind
(25:39):
doesn't carry as much work, so you're you're limited sorts
of things you can do. And this that the talent
type of the book is that, um, the fun of
it really was that some of the stuff you're like, oh, well,
this sounds boring, like why do why do I care
about this? But if you present it in a fun
sort of time traveling way, it becomes a you know what,
team where you hunting water wheel or team windmill. It
(26:01):
didn't even feel like there was an argument there. And
then once I read from Chomsky you, I think with
the partner debating you, I didn't think I'd think about
the benefits between the two, but it was really engaging.
Thank you. I mean, that's that's That's what I'm trying
to do. And I think the fun of a book
like this because normally, if you're running nonfiction, you're always worried,
(26:21):
you know, is this boring? And how can I make
it not boring? But doing it in this time travel way.
Whenever I was like, oh, I wonder if this is boring,
I could just go back to the time travel thing
and put in the time travel joker have some some
fun with the conceit. So it gave me an easy
way to make it um an engaging book and not
just here's the list of facts that are useful. Did
you know water boils at a hundred degrees? Now you do? Yeah?
(26:42):
I mean, and you also like those little jokes are
so funny, Like you have that section on famous songs
that you can plagiarize, and it's got sheet music to
like owe to joy and uh and talk about Cannona
or whatever. Like, I just thought that was such a
wonderful relief from from the rest of the tech. But
I'm curious, like what ended up on the cutting room floor, Like,
(27:04):
what what is stuff that you thought about tackling but
but found too hard to condense? Yeah, there was gonna
be a section on weapons, and by the time I've
written most of the book, I I started thinking, I
don't want a section of how to kill people. Yeah,
it just feels the whole book is about building civilizations
and building like literally building a world around yourself. You know.
(27:25):
I'm actually I'm actually glad you didn't because I felt
like one of the brightest things about this book was
you were filled with news that's so distracting and irritating
and upsetting. And this book really felt, even though it's
kind of a survivalist book, just felt so optimistic. You know,
it is a very optimistic book. I mean you have
(27:46):
to be optimistic too to be you know, two years
in the past and thinking I alone can rebuild civilization,
do it. But yes, so I didn't want to put
any any weaponry stuff. And honestly, if you want to
kill someone, like, there's probably fair in a way to
do it with what's in the book already, you know,
hurt their feelings with the written word. Uh. There was
a section It's funny in the music section. So the
(28:07):
gig of that section is you have like some classics,
pack of bells, cannon and oh to Joy, and then
you've got the Tetris theme songs, folk tongue. I resually
wanted to have Salt and Pepper's Shop there, but I
could not, for the life of me, get the rights
holders to understand what I was trying to do with
this book. It's like, hey, can I want to see
(28:29):
music and I know it doesn't exist, but I'll make it.
And they're like, is this for a textbook? I'm like, no,
it's not a textbook. It's like nonfiction but fiction and
it's general information, like it's not a textbook. And they're like, oh,
so it's for school, it's a textbook, Like, no, one's
not a textbook. They finally suffered funding to my emails,
and I was like, fine, who would have thought the
problem is that, like I don't, there's a lot of
money in sheet music licensing, and so there's no motivation
(28:52):
to put a square peg in a round hole there.
They were like, this is already waste enough time emailing
this guy. Forget that is a great story, and and honestly,
Shoop is such a great punchline there for for some reason,
it's really wonderful. And the other thing I ended up
cutting was at the end there was a kind of
a victory lap chapter with a recipe and how to
make apple pie and ice cream from scratch, and sort
(29:15):
of riffed off it old Carl Sagan quote where he says, like,
to make an apple pie from scratch, you must first
create the universe. And in my verse, like, well you've
created a civilization, now here's how you make apple pie
and all the all the ingredients you could build off
what you've already learned in the book, but there's already
a pretty long book, and I felt like this is
just like a loop of things people already know. Well,
(29:36):
I understand why you didn't put it in, but it
would have been a great addition. I think we're gonna
pause for a quick ad break, but we'll be back
with Ryan North in just a minute. Welcome back to
(29:58):
part times where we're talking to their Ryan North. So
I do want to read the last few sentences of
the book, and I promise it is a spoiler, and
I was curious if you'd let us do that on
the program. Yeah, I really like those last few sentences,
so go for it. So it goes. Reading this book
is transferred knowledge of humanity's greatest achievements from the palm
of your hand to the interior of your mind. Earlier,
we remarked that this text, once stranded in the past,
(30:20):
was the single most powerful and dangerous thing on the planet.
That is no longer true. You are go get him Tiger,
which I just thought it was such a wonderful way
to close this book. Thank you. No, I love it
of drama that gave it. But also you know you're
you're about to do something crazy. You're about to try
to rebuild civilizations, so give you the pep talk at
(30:41):
the end. Go do it. You got every vantage in
the world that we didn't have because we didn't know
about it at the time, So you can do this.
You know, there are really so many things we didn't
get to, from how to invent a bicycle to how
to understand all of modern philosophy and religion through high fives.
That might be the most valuable two pages in here,
but it's really been such a pleasure. Our guest is
(31:02):
Ryan North. The book is how to Invent Everything, and
thank you so much for being here. Thank you so
much for having me. It was great. Thanks again for listening.
Part Time Genius is a production of how stuff works
(31:24):
and wouldn't be possible without several brilliant people who do
the important things we couldn't even begin to understand. Tristan
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does the exact producer thing. Gay Bluesier is our lead researcher,
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Brown and Lucas Adams and Eve. Jeff Cook gets the
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(31:46):
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who was the best po