SYMHC Classics: Jeanne Baret

This 2019 episode covers Jeanne Baret, the first woman known to circumnavigate the globe. Her work took her to places that were totally unexpected for someone of her gender and economic class in the 18th century.

See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Episode Transcript

Speaker 1 (00:02):
Happy Saturday. Jean Barret was born July twenty seventh, seventeen
forty or two hundred and eighty four years ago today
if you're listening the day this episode came out. So
we are bringing out our episode on her as Today's
Saturday Classic. This one originally came out on October fourteenth,
twenty nineteen. Enjoy Welcome to Stuff You Missed in History

(00:27):
Class a production of iHeartRadio. Hello, and welcome to the podcast.
I'm Tracy V. Wilson and I'm Holly Frye And today's
episode is a sponsored one. It's sponsored by the all
new twenty twenty Ford Explorer. They asked us to do

(00:48):
something that was related in some way to exploration and
then left it totally up to us. How did we
want to interpret that? So of course we had a
big pile of ideas at the ready that fit in
some way for that theme, and we finally decided to
talk about Jean Beret, who was the first woman known
to circumnavigate the globe. But her experience was not just

(01:08):
about the travel like a lot of the women travelers
that we have talked about were traveling to explore just
mostly because they had disposable income, and you know, had
the means and the money to do that kind of thing,
and sometimes to do other work alongside all the travel.
But like the travel was a major piece of it.
She was working, and the work she was doing was

(01:29):
taking her to places that were totally unexpected for somebody
of her gender and her economic class in the eighteenth century.
Jean Beret was born on July twenty seventh, seventeen forty,
to Jean Barret and Jeanne Pouchards. They lived in La Caamelle, France,
which is roughly two hundred miles that's about three hundred
and twenty kilometers southeast of Paris. This is a rural

(01:50):
agricultural area, and Jehne's father worked as a day laborer.
He did not own any land or always have access
to steady work. So the Beret family and others who
were similarly situated were some of the poorest people in
that part of Europe. We really know almost nothing about
her upbringing or her early life, but she might have
been trained as an herb woman, so somebody who knew

(02:13):
how to grow and forage and prepare medicinal herbs. This
is something that she would have learned from other women
based on knowledge that was mostly passed down orally. We
do know that when she was in her early twenties,
Barret started working for a man named Philibert Commerson, who
was about twelve years older than she was. He was
from an affluent family and was formally educated in both

(02:33):
medicine and botany. He much preferred botany, though, and he
never established a medical practice. Yeah, and the Grand Scheme
of social and economic circumstances, they were nearly opposites. Instead
of going into that medical practice, Commerce established a botanical
garden in Chatillon les Domme. In the late seventeen fifties,

(02:55):
he visited Voltaire and one of his colleagues was Swedish
botanist Carl Linnaeus, who is the person who helped establish
that system of binomial nomenclature that is still used to
classify organisms today, although that system, of course, has evolved
a lot since then. Linnaeus secured a commission from the
Queen of Sweden for Comerson to catalog Mediterranean fish. So

(03:18):
in addition to his work as a botanist, he was
also an ichthyologist. So if Baret was already trained as
an herb woman, it would have made a lot of
sense for Commersoon to hire her. There is a twenty
three page table of medicinal plants arranged in order of
their virtues and according to the healing indications that is
among Commerson's papers, which biographer Glennis Ridley suggests was actually

(03:41):
Beret's work. If that is correct, and if the knowledge
contained in that notebook was something that Bahret had already
learned before being hired, she would have been a very
clear help to Commersoon's botany work from day one. But
it appears that at least at first, commerce On hired
Beret not as a botany assistant, but as a domestic servant,
and that would have been more stable and financially lucrative

(04:04):
than what the family had been experiencing as day laborers.
We don't know exactly when she started working for him.
Her formal employment sorted in seventeen sixty four, but she
seems to have also been working with him in some
capacity before that. It's possible that she started working there
just after the death of Commerson's wife at the age
of thirty four. That happened shortly after she gave birth

(04:27):
to their child, and it's possible that part of Bret's
role working for him was to help care for this newborn. Ultimately, though,
the baby was sent to live with an uncle, and
at some point Bahret and Commerson's relationship became more personal
rather than employer and employee. In seventeen sixty four, Bahret
became pregnant. Unmarried women were legally required to register their pregnancies,

(04:51):
including naming the baby's father. Bahret did register her pregnancy
on August twenty second, seventeen sixty four, but she traveled
to another town to do it, and she took two
men with her as character witnesses. They maintained that she
had been assaulted by an unknown man, and that that
assault had resulted in her pregnancy. This baby was almost

(05:12):
certainly commerceans, with the character witnesses being a part of
an effort to cover up what would have been something
truly scandalous if people had actually known the facts of
the situation. Barret and Comercell moved to Paris together in
September of seventeen sixty four. She was given a salary
of one hundred livres a year. They lived near the

(05:32):
Jardines Lelois, or the Royal Gardens. Which is today known
as the Jardines des plant. In January of seventeen sixty five,
Barret surrendered her baby, named Jean Pierre, to a home
for foundling children. Jean Pierre was placed with the Foster family,
although he died a couple of years later. The registry
of Barret's pregnancy, Jean Pierre's birth, and his fostering and

(05:55):
death are all documented in the historical record, but Berets
and Commons Arson's thoughts and feelings on these events really
are not part of any of those documents. Within a
few months of surrendering Jean Pierre, Barret and Commerceans were
preparing for a voyage around the world. This expedition of
exploration and scientific discovery had been authorized by King Louis

(06:17):
the fifteenth, and it was meant as both an exploratory
voyage and a scientific endeavor. Admiral Louis Antoine, Comte de Bougambieux,
who had served in the Seven Years War, was in
command of three hundred and thirty men who were divided
between two vessels, the Boudoeus and the Etois. In addition
to being in command of the expedition as a whole,

(06:40):
Bougambilleux was in command of the Boudeus, and Francois Chenard
de la Girodet was in command of the Etois. Three
scientists had been recruited to participate in this expedition, commercal
who was acting as royal botanist and naturalist, astronomer Pierre
Antoine Veron, and cartographer Charles Routier des trem Ville. Among

(07:01):
his other duties, Commercant was one of the people helping
to plan the expedition's route. Comerson was given a budget
to hire an assistant naturalist to take on this voyage
to help him collect and catalog specimens and to illustrate
what they found, but he could not take Jen Barret,
at least not legally. It had been illegal for women

(07:23):
to be on French naval ships for anything other than
a brief visit since sixteen eighty nine. Officers who broke
this rule could be suspended for a month, and sailors
who broke it could be sentenced to fifteen days in chains.
There is a lot that we don't know about the
dynamics between Comerson and Barret. There were obvious and meaningful

(07:44):
disparities between the two of them. Especially when it came
to power and wealth stemming from both their relative social
class and their genders, and as well as him being
her employer. But at the same time, what happens next
suggests that Bahret was in this relationship willingly, and we're
going to get into that after we first pause for
a little sponsor break. As they were preparing for their

(08:15):
expedition around the world, Philibert Commerson wrote out a will
and that bequeathed his actual property to his son, but
it also made it clear that all of the women's
clothes and similar possessions in his home belonged to his housekeeper,
Jean Beret, to whom he left the household, furnishings and linens,

(08:35):
along with six hundred livres. The will also gave her
the right to live in his home for a year
after the date of his death, during which time she
would organize his specimens and manuscripts and then send them
on to the Royal Collection. The will makes it sound
as though Jean Beret was staying behind while he was
going on this expedition, and it also noted that she

(08:58):
was sometimes known as Jean Bonifoy. Barret was not staying behind,
though instead Commersam maintained that he had not been able
to find a workable assistant to go with him on
this voyage in spite of all of his efforts to
do so. Then Jean Barret, dressed in men's clothing and
using the name Bonifoy, arrived at the port of Rochefort,

(09:20):
maintaining that she was looking for work. Commerson hired the
disguised beret on the spot, and from that point on
for much of the expedition, he consistently referred to her
as male. Based on everything we know about the situation,
this was a disguise and not a reflection of her gender,
so we will keep referring to her as a woman.
This whole ruse seems like kind of a stretch to me,

(09:44):
the idea that he would have just hired a random
person on the spot, having failed to find somebody that
met actual criteria for a botanist's assistant on this voyage.
But it seems like everyone thought that was it made sense.
I guess that he hired an apparently random person at
the dock. I feel like this is one of those
things where it's like the excuse checklist of like, look,

(10:08):
you all know who this is and I know who
this is, and she knows. You all know who this is.
But we have you know, we've checked all the boxes
for all you know, you can say you thought it
was a dude the whole time. Yeah, this is. This
is also really to me the moment that if she
had wanted to get out of this situation, it would

(10:28):
have been easy enough to not show up, which definitely
would have been a reduction in the opportunities that were
available to her. She probably would have had to go
back home and try to find some kind of other employment.
But this would have been an easier moment for her
to kind of slip away if she did not actually
want to go on this voyage. So the Aetol and

(10:50):
the Budeaus planned to cross the Atlantic separately, traveling southwest
across the Atlantic Ocean to rendezvous at Rio in June
of seventeen sixty seven. From there, they would sail south
along the coast of South America and through the Strait
of Magellan. Then they would follow the western coast of
South America before turning west across the Southern Pacific. Then

(11:13):
to return to Europe, they would travel through the East
Indies and around the Horn of Africa, then back north,
obviously back to Europe, and they would make stops all
along the way, gathering specimens, making maps, recording the people
in places they saw. They would also claim land where
they could, and in what case they would give it up.
One stop on the voyage involved surrendering the Falkland Islands

(11:36):
to Spain. Commersant and Baret were to sail aboard the
atois when they embarked. Commerson had so much equipment with
him that he was given the captain Stateroom as his quarters.
The captain State Room had its own private baths, which
would have made it easier for Baret to conceal her
sex while on board. The idea of easy was really

(11:57):
relative here, though. For almost two years Baret maintained a
disguise that required her to bind her breasts. Today's chest
binders are usually made with synthetic elastic fibers, which have
some stretch, but these materials had not been invented yet
when Barret was living. She would have been using bandages
or strips of cloth, and giving the materials that were

(12:18):
available at the time, they wouldn't have been very stretchy
or giving at all. This would have made this whole
process a lot more uncomfortable and difficult, with the bindings
also prone to slipping and shifting during the day. Working
as commercial's assistant also required by Ray to do a
lot of physical work in all kinds of weather and
climate conditions, from the tropics to the far southern tip

(12:39):
of South America which is almost in the Antarctic circle.
So even before accounting for the difficulties of travel and
the work itself, Barret's job was inherently uncomfortable, often unpleasant,
and very physically demanding. Added to that, there were storms
that seriously damaged the ship and periods where they were
becalmed and ran out of dude illnesses spread among the crew,

(13:03):
and there was intense seasickness at sea, and that often
affected both Baret and Commercel. So he was able to
spend time out on deck that a lot of the
time will help with seasickness because you can see the
way the boat is moving. But Barrat didn't have that option.
She really had to weather all this in the confines

(13:23):
of commerce On's quarters to try to protect her privacy
and her identity. That would not have been a particularly
comfortable place to try to ride that out. Even though
Bahrat meticulously maintained her disguise and Commerceong scrupulously addressed and
referred to her as a man, Rumors began to spread
throughout the ship that they were carrying a woman in disguise,

(13:45):
and that happened not long after the A twelve set
sail from Rochefort on December fourteenth, seventeen sixty six, and naturally,
suspicion fell on Baret, who, among other things, did not
have facial hair and didn't use the communal toilet facilities
for the crew who her rank. Obviously, there are plenty
of men who don't have facial hair, but that was
one of the things that drew suspicion to her. On

(14:07):
March twenty second of seventeen sixty seven, the Attwell crossed
from the northern to the Southern hemisphere, and the ship's
crew had sort of a ritual baptism in quotation marks
for people who hadn't previously crossed the equator. The details
of this hazing ritual differed depending on the person's rank
and for the officer's servants, which was how Barria was classified.

(14:28):
It involved being made to drop into a pool made
of a sail cloth that was being dragged alongside the ship.
The people who were having to do this were also
blackened with soot and prevented from getting out of the water.
And because of all this water and mess involved, the
men who were being made to undertake this ritual usually
did it partly or completely nude. Because she was a woman,

(14:51):
Barre would have had to do this still dressed. Commersome
does describe this ritual in his journal, but he doesn't
make any reference to Barre's participation in it. Eventually, Etoile's captain,
Francoisin now de la Girodet, was obligated to investigate the
rumors about a woman on board his ship. Apart from

(15:11):
it being unlawful for anyone to bring a woman on board,
the rumors and efforts to figure out whether they were
true were clearly causing a disruption. According to his logs,
he questioned Bahret about her gender, and she told him
that she was a eunuch. Framing it in terms of
the men who guarded the Ottoman empire, this seems to
have at least temporarily stopped the suspicion, or at least

(15:34):
reined in the sailor's harassment. Of her to try to
figure out if she was a woman in disguise. The
Ottoman Empire's implementation of slavery included enslaving Christian men, although
this practice was at least officially ended before this voyage
was taking place, but horror stories about it still circulated

(15:54):
in a lot of Europe, and the idea of being
captured and enslaved and then castrated by the Ottoman end
Empire was frightening and disturbing. That probably led to the
sailors treating Barret with a little more kindness than they
had before. After this interrogation, the captain did put a
stop to Baret sleeping in Commerson's quarters. From that point,

(16:15):
Baret was always armed, especially when she slept or went
ashore to gather specimens. Commerceong was frequently ill, and he
had an abscess on his leg that didn't want to heal,
so it was often Bahret and not Commersong who was
doing the botany work on shore, and she was often
doing it without him or anyone else to protect her.
The plants that they collected in the earlier part of

(16:36):
this voyage included the one that they named Bougunvilla spectabilis
or the Great Bugambilla, which is named, of course, for Bougambe,
the commander of this expedition. It still cultivated a lot
as an ornamental plant today as very lovely blossoms, and
Barret was likely the person who gathered it. Others aboard
the Atoale eventually discovered Jean Barret's sex, but accounts disagree

(17:01):
on exactly when this happened or how, and we're going
to get into that after we have one more little
sponsor break. Luis Anspine de Bougambille wrote the account that's
most often cited as far as how jam Beret was

(17:22):
discovered to be a woman. This isn't just because he
was in command of the whole expedition and was one
of the most prominent people on it. It's also because,
unlike the authors of all the other accounts, he later
edited his journals into a book and had them published.
His account of the discovery is noted as having been
written on May twenty eighth or twenty ninth, seventeen sixty eight,

(17:44):
about six weeks after the expedition left Tahiti, which was
the first time that the French had actually seen this island.
Bougainville writes that some business called him over to the
atual and quote, I had an opportunity of verifying a
very single fact. For some time there was a report
in both ships that the servant of Monsieur de Comerson,

(18:06):
named Bahret, was a woman. His shape, voice, beardless chin,
and scrupulous attention of not changing his linen or making
the natural discharges in the presence of anyone. Besides several
other signs had given rise to and kept up this suspicion.
He went on to describe Baret as an expert botanist
who had worked alongside Colmerson with quote so much courage

(18:30):
and strength that the naturalist had called him his beast
of burden. He went on to write quote A scene
which passed at Tahiti changed this suspicion into certainty. Monsieur
de Commerson went on shore to botanize there. Bahret had
hardly set his feet on shore with the herbal under
his arm, when the men of Tahiti surrounded him, cried out,

(18:50):
it is a woman, and wanted to give her the
honors customary in the aisle. The Chevalier de Bernard, who
was upon guard on shore, was obliged to come to
her assistance and escort her to the boat. Okay, the
honors customary to the isle that he is referring to.
We should clarify the French had virtually no experience with

(19:11):
Pacific island cultures at this point, and they really widely
misinterpreted a lot of actions and gestures as being an
offer or an expectation of sex. And this includes ceremonial
gifts of cloth which were given wrapped around a woman
or a girl's body, along with various dances and a
general acceptance of nudity as being socially acceptable. Also, Bougomvilla's

(19:34):
writing about Tahiti and Tahitians in his journal really spread
a highly romanticized idea of the island and reinforced the
idea of the quote noble savage that was being spread
at the time by romantic writers like Jean Jacques Rousseau.
According to Bougainville, the discovery changed the tone of Barret's
relationship to the rest of the crew quote. After that period,

(19:56):
it was difficult to prevent the sailors from alarming her modesty.
When I came on board the Attoine Bahret, with her
face bathed in tears, owned to me that she was
a woman. She said that she had deceived her master
at Rochefort by offering to serve him in men's clothes
at the very moment when he was embarking, that she
had already before served a geneva gentleman at Paris in

(20:19):
quality of a valet, that being born in Burgundy and
become an orphan, the loss of a lawsuit had brought
her to a distress situation and inspired her with the
resolution to disguise her sex. That she well knew when
she embarked that we were going round the world, and
that such a voyage had raised her curiosity. Although Bougamville
had grounds to be angry with both Commerson and Bahret

(20:42):
because they had been deceiving everyone on board and her
presence on the ship was unlawful, he finishes his account
of what happened in a way that's relatively respectful, at
least for part of it. After alluding to this trip
around the world, he wrote, quote, she will be the
first woman that ever made it, and I must do
her the justice to affirm that she has always behaved

(21:04):
on board with the most scrupulous modesty. And then it
gets into the part that's maybe less respectful quote, she
is neither ugly nor handsome, and is no more than
twenty six or twenty seven years of age. It must
be owned that if the two ships had been wrecked
on any desert isle in the ocean, Barret's fate would
have been a very singular one. Another account also connects

(21:25):
the discovery of her sex to Tahiti, or at least
to a Tahitian person. A man named Ahutoru, who was
a chieftain's brother, learned French while the expedition was in
Tahiti and asked to be taken to France when they departed.
He described Barret as mahu, which is a term used
in several Pacific island cultures to signify a third gender.

(21:47):
After colonization by European powers, in many places, that term
took on a disparaging connotation connected to cross dressing, and
that being a pejorative term. Ahutoru died of small pop
before the voyage got back to France, however, but most
of the other accounts placed this discovery of Jean sex
later in July of seventeen sixty eight on the island

(22:09):
of New Ireland in Papua New Guinea, not in May
in Tahiti. The ship's log for July eighteenth, seventeen sixty
eight reads quote the physician Monsieur Comercen's domestic was discovered
to be a girl who until now passed as a boy.
Ship's surgeon Flacois Vives, wrote about several moments in Baret's
time on board. In his journals, he wrote of rumors

(22:31):
about a woman in disguise and then the captain's putting
a stop to Barets sleeping in Commercal's cabin. He writes
as though he was present when the captain interrogated Bahret,
and that she said she was a eunuch. This account
of the discovery includes a reference to a body song
about a woman named Geneton who is accosted by fore
men in a field, suggesting that some of the crew

(22:53):
may have physically assaulted her to figure out her sex. Yeah,
most of his writing about her comes off as pretty gross.
The Prince of nessau Stigen, who was on board as
a paying passenger, also alluded to the discovery of Barret's
sex and said quote, I want to give her all
the credit for her bravery, a far cry from the
gentle pastimes afforded her sex she dared confront the stress,

(23:16):
the dangers, and everything that happened that one could realistically
expect on such a voyage. Her adventure should, I think,
be included in a history of famous women altogether. These
other accounts suggest that Jean Barret was discovered to be
a woman almost a month after bugain Villa reported in
his book. It's not clear whether he fiddled with the

(23:38):
timeline to take suspicion off of himself in some way,
or if this was just a matter of where it
seemed to fit while the journal was being edited. Regardless,
though afterward Barret continued dressing in masculine attire that was
what she had with her, but she stopped binding her
chest after her identity was known. For his part, Comersov

(23:58):
claimed that he was totally surprised with this entire revelation,
writing that Beret was quote a courageous young woman who,
taking the clothing and temperament of a man and the
curiosity and audacity to circumnavigate the world, accompanied us without
us knowing it. I think he might have been covering
his own tail there. He really it is, I mean,

(24:20):
just bordering all on impossible that he would not have
recognized her, and this whole thing really did play out
as just him hiring a random person at the dock
like that. Just it's so far fetched, and he just
seems to have kept up with this. Wow that turned
out to be a woman. I didn't have any idea again,
checklist reasonable deniability. Boudaville's expedition left New Ireland on July

(24:44):
twenty sixth, seventeen sixty eight. By December, they had traveled
across the Indian Ocean toward the eastern coast of Africa.
On December twelfth, the ships left a small island now
known as Mauritius, which was then a French colony known
as El de France. They left without Burrets or Commerceant
on board. Commersant had been released from the expedition. The

(25:05):
ship's astronomer left at that time as well. On Mauritius,
Commerceant and Beret continued to live together and pursue their
botanical work. This included making an expedition to the island
of Madagascar and documenting various things on Mauritius. The island's
governor was another botanist, a man named Pierre plav who

(25:25):
had become friends with them and It's pretty likely that
Bougainville thought that it was best that they both be
off the ship, and that a French colony with a
friendly governor who was also a botanist made Mauritius the
best situation they could probably find to accomplish getting them
off the ship. Comersong Mbaret lived together on Mauritius for
about five years. At first they lived with Poivre at

(25:47):
the governor's residence, but when he was recalled to France,
they had to find their own lodgings. Commercen had been
chronically ill for much of their time together, and his
condition worsened in the early seventeen seventies. He died in
seventeen seventy three, leaving Baret without protection or support. So
Baret once again found work, first working out a tavern

(26:08):
and then running one. On May seventeenth, seventeen seventy four,
she married a non commissioned officer named Jean Dubarnand, and
by that point she'd been on Mauritius for seven years.
It's not clear exactly when Bahret returned to France, but
when she did, that last leg of the journey made
her the first woman known to have circumnavigated the globe.

(26:29):
Bougamville intervened on her behalf after she got back to
France to make sure she wouldn't be punished for her
time aboard ship, and a point in her favor in
his doing this was that he didn't think that her
example would inspire other women to do something similar. He
thought she'd just be the only woman ever to circumnavigate
the globe, and that quote her example is not likely

(26:50):
to be contagious. This line of logic really reminds me
of the way that people talked about Sorwana Inez de
la Cruz and how her becoming a nun was going
to keep her from inspiring other women to be similarly
iconoclastic in their behavior. Instead, the opposite wound up happening
to being punished. The French Ministry of Marine recognized her

(27:11):
work with the expedition and awarded her a pension of
two hundred livres per year, and then she also secured
the money that Commerceon had left her in his will,
although by that point his death was long enough in
the past that she didn't live in his house for
a year. Not much as known about Jean Varret's last years.
She did not get to do the cataloging of the
collection that Commerson had hoped she would. Everything that they

(27:33):
had collected on bugin Vie's expedition and afterward was either
in storage or impounded after Commerson's death. However, since the
unorganized collection was not well known or associated with a
prominent member of the nobility, it made it through the
French Revolution and the Reign of Terror. Today, at least
six thousand specimens survive in museum collections, including the French

(27:55):
National Museum of Natural History, part of which is on
the site of the former Royal Guard. Yeah, a lot
of that stuff still has its original handwritten labeling that
was probably written by her. Jean Barret died in Santavier, France,
on August fifth, eighteen oh seven, and left her remaining
property to Commerson's heirs. She was sixty seven. We know

(28:16):
so little about Commerson's feelings towards her. He named a
plant after her during the expedition, calling it Baretia bonifidia,
although it turned out to be a species that had
already been discovered and named, and he wrote of her
very fondly. Here is a sample cited in a biography
published in nineteen ninety three quote. Armed with a beau
like Diana, armed with intelligence and seriousness like Minerva, she

(28:41):
eluded the snare of animals and men, not without many
times risking her life and her honor. He also praised
her for doing all of this risky and difficult work
without complaint. He did also call her his beast of burden,
but he did that while trying to maintain this ruse
that she was a man and that doesn't seem like

(29:01):
a weird way for a man to talk about his
male assistant at the time. Although the plant that Comersome
named after her didn't stick, Barrey did have a species
permanently named for her in twenty twelve. That was Solanum beryte,
which is part of a large and diverse plant genus
that also includes the night shades. This particular species was

(29:22):
selected to bear her name because of its leaves, which
are really variable in their shape and size. This was
also true of the species that Commersome had originally named
after her, because he thought this variability really reflected her
life and her character, and like the fact that she
had disguised herself as a man for so long and
taken on so many jobs that were really unexpected for

(29:43):
women at the time. My two cents are are that
that is such a thoughtful way to look at the
selection of her plant species that he wanted to be
named for her, that it does suggest a very genuine
affection between the two of them. Yeah, her relationship with
Hi definitely started as his hiring her to do work,
but a lot of their life together they really seem

(30:06):
to live basically as common law spouses, not so much
as employer and employee, especially once they were off the
expedition and she was no longer officially on his payroll,
but they were continuing to live together essentially as a couple.
I feel like her story is pretty complicated. It's clearly
that she went through so much difficulty and possibly even

(30:27):
violence while on that expedition, but also the fact that
she was from really the poorest class of people where
she was living, and a woman, and was able to
go on this round the world voyage, which was just
a whole like universe away from the possibilities that were

(30:48):
open to people in that same situation. It's really incredible
to me. She sounds kind of spectacular. That's the person
I would use the time machine to go back and
talk to Yeah. Thanks so much for joining us on
this Saturday. Since this episode is out of the archive,
if you heard an email address or a Facebook RL

(31:10):
or something similar over the course of the show, that
could be obsolete now. Our current email address is History
Podcast at iHeartRadio dot com. You can find us all
over social media at missed Inhistory, and you can subscribe
to our show on Apple podcasts, Google podcasts, the iHeartRadio app,
and wherever else you listen to podcasts. Stuff you Missed

(31:34):
in History Class is a production of iHeartRadio. For more
podcasts from iHeartRadio, visit the iHeartRadio app, Apple podcasts, or
wherever you listen to your favorite shows.