June 23, 2021 • 10 mins
The bloodiest battle in the revolution to overthrow Victoriano Huerta -- the Battle of Zacatecas, or La Toma de Zacatecas -- took place on this day in 1914. / On this day in 1868, Christopher Latham Sholes, Samuel Soulé, and Carlos Glidden were awarded U.S. patent number 79,265 for their typewriter.
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Episode Transcript
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Speaker 1 (00:00):
Hey, y'all, Eve's here. We're doubling up today with two
events in history. On with the show. Hey guys, welcome
to this Day in History class, where we bring you
a new tidbit from history every day. The day was
(00:22):
June nineteen fourteen. The Battle of Zaka Takas, also known
as Latoma dec Tecas, took place when Ponto Villa and
his Division of the North defeated the troops of General
Louis Medina Baron at the city of Zaka Takas. It's
considered the bloodiest battle and the struggle to overthrow Mexican
President Dictoriano Huerta. The Mexican Revolution began in nineteen ten
(00:47):
with a call to overthrow Dictator port Firio Dias, who
had ruled since eighteen eighty four. Dias said that Mexico
was ready for democracy, and Francisco Madeo campaigned success the
lead for the presidency, but Diaz had my Datta arrested
before the election, and Diaz was announced as the winner
of the election. My Datto called for a revolt and
(01:10):
revolutionary leaders began taking action against Dias's government. Soon Dias
abdicated the presidency and in November of nineteen eleven, Madetto
became president, but all was not well. My Datto was
not a great leader, and he did not implement land
reforms he had promised. My data resigned. General Victoriano Huerta
(01:32):
took the presidency in February of nineteen thirteen, and Medetto
and his vice president were assassinated. Guerta was also a dictator,
and revolutionaries began calling for his resignation. Pancho Villa was
one of the revolutionaries who opposed Huerta. Da led an
armed faction of thousands of men known as the Division
(01:54):
del northde or Division of the North. He allied with
revolutionary Venetiano Carranza and his Constitutionalist Army of Mexico to
depose the dictator with a force of volunteers and mercenaries.
He wanted victories against federal forces at Tierra ra Blanca,
so you did. Juarez, Chiahua, oh Naga, Palacio and torrion Zaka.
(02:17):
Takas was an old mining town and railway junction that
any attacker who came from the north would have to
capture before moving on to Mexico City. The town was
surrounded by high hills somewhere around twelve thousand Federal forces
were in Zacatecas, but Carranza was resentful of via success
and he did not want Villa to beat him to
(02:38):
Mexico City. Carrenza ordered Villa to divert his attack, but
Via decided to attack Zaka Takas anyway. General Phelippe A.
Hiles planned the attack. The Division of the North was
twenty thousand people strong and they had artillery from US dealers.
On June nineteen fourteen, Via force captured the hills of
(03:01):
El Grillo and La Buffa, where the federal commander of
the city, General Louis Madiana Baron, had placed his artillery.
A federal colonel in charge of an ammunition dump detonated
the arsenal rather than surrendering to federal troops. The morale
of the federal forces began to falter, and many panicked
(03:21):
As they attempted to flee the city. Vias cavalry began
killing them. When Baron ordered the remaining troops to evacuate
the city, they ran into seven thousand troops from the
Division del Norte in the town of Guadalupe. VIA's troops
executed federal officers and demanded they joined via side or die.
(03:42):
In the end, about seven thousand soldiers had died, five
thousand were injured, and more civilians were killed or hurt.
Revolutionaries pillaged the city. The chaos ended that night. The
bodies were burned or thrown into mines, but the city
was soon hit with a typhus epide make an Bamin.
(04:02):
After this devastating defeat, where the support waned, Wheta resigned
less than a month later on July fifteenth, and went
into exile. The Nusano Carranza declared himself president in August,
but Villa and Emiliano Zapata, another revolutionary leader, cut ties
with him. The Constitution of Mexico was created in nineteen seventeen,
(04:25):
but fighting continued for years after. Historians disagree on the
exact end date of the revolution. I'm Eve Jeff Coo
and hopefully you know a little more about history today
than you did yesterday. Keep up with us on Twitter,
Instagram and Facebook at T D I h C Podcast,
(04:45):
and if you haven't checked it out yet, you can
listen to a new podcast I host called Unpopular Unpopularized
about people in history who resisted the status quo. Thanks
again for listening and we'll see you tomorrow. Hey, y'all,
(05:13):
I'm Eves and welcome to the Standard History Class, a
podcast for people who can never have enough history knowledge.
M The day was June eight. Christopher Latham Shoals, Samuel Sole,
and Carlos Glidden were awarded patent number seventy nine thousand,
(05:36):
two hundred and sixty five for an invention they called
the typewriter. Shuls worked as an apprentice to a printer
when he was young. He later became a newspaper editor
and publisher as well as a politician. He and Solo,
who was a friend of his, also patented a page
numbering device. They worked on the device at Charles F.
(05:57):
Klein's Toyber's Machine Shop in mel Key, Wisconsin, but Shoals
and Sole soon shifted focus to work on a mechanical
writing device. Carlos Glidden joined them on the project. They
weren't the first to try to invent a writing machine.
Many people in history contributed to its design. In the
sixteenth century, Francesco Rampezzeto designed a crude machine that impressed
(06:21):
letters and paper. By the nineteenth century, there were plenty
of prototypes for the typewriter, people like William Austin, burt,
Agostino Fontoni, Pellegrino Torre, and Giuseppe Raviza worked on typing machines.
John Pratt built a machine called the Tarot type, but
he was a Confederate during the U S Civil War
and had to move to Britain to get his patents.
(06:43):
His typewriter was exhibited in Britain and was described in
the magazine Scientific American. Glinden Sole and Shoals were granted
a patent for the typewriter on June sixty eight. The
typewriter was made of wood and brass. It typed only
in capital letters, and it was an understroke machine, which
meant that the typist had to lift up the carriage
(07:05):
to see their work. Rasmus Melling Hansen, an inventor in Denmark,
created a typewriter known as the Writing Ball, which was
patented in eighteen seventy and commercially produced, but it wasn't
as influential as the Shoals and Glidden typewriter. Shoals, Glidden,
and others worked on the typewriter's design for several more years.
(07:26):
James Dinsmore provided financing to help get the typewriter manufactured.
Matthias Schwalbach contributed to the design, helping solve issues with
the type bars and keyboard. They sold the patent and
began working with E. Remington and Sons, a company known
for making guns and sewing machines, to commercialize the typewriter mechanics.
(07:48):
Jefferson Clough and William Jenna led the effort to rework
the machine and prepare it for mass production, and Remington
began production on the shoals and glidden typewriter as it
was called in eighteen seventy three. The first Remington model
entered the market in eighteen seventy four. It was decorated
with flowers, and it introduced the cordy keyboard. This was
(08:08):
likely the arrangement so that frequently used type bars were
separated and jamming didn't happen as often. This model had
little success though it was expensive at one and twenty
five dollars, which would be around twenty eight hundred dollars today,
and it wasn't as efficient as intended. But in eighteen
seventy eight, Remington introduced its Model number two. It had
(08:32):
a shift mechanism to produce upper and lower case letters.
The carriage return was operated by hand rather than by
foot as the previous model was, and the ribbon reversed automatically.
The Remington Number two has been considered the first successful
commercial typewriter. Some people found the typewriter and practical, or
thought that typed letters lacked a personal touch, but the
(08:55):
typewriter allowed people to write faster than they could by
hand and contributed to increase efficiency in the workplace. Its
success led to the creation of many competitor models, and
as Remington got women to demonstrate the typewriter and put
them in its promotional images, more women entered the clerical workforce.
The typewriter continued to develop over the next century and
(09:18):
remained an important tool in the office until the introduction
of the computer. That said, many people around the world
still use typewriters, like people in prisons and people in
places where electricity isn't reliable. I'm Eve step Coote and
hopefully you know a little more about history today than
you did yesterday. And if you have any comment source suggestions,
(09:40):
you can send them to us at this day at
I heeart Media dot com. You can also hit us
up on social media where at t D I h
C Podcast. Thanks again for listening to the show, and
we'll see you tomorrow. M hmm yeah. For more podcasts
(10:04):
from My Heart Radio, visit the I heart Radio app,
Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.
Hey, y'all, Eve's here. We're doubling up today with two
events in history. On with the show. Hey guys, welcome
to this Day in History class, where we bring you
a new tidbit from history every day. The day was
(00:22):
June nineteen fourteen. The Battle of Zaka Takas, also known
as Latoma dec Tecas, took place when Ponto Villa and
his Division of the North defeated the troops of General
Louis Medina Baron at the city of Zaka Takas. It's
considered the bloodiest battle and the struggle to overthrow Mexican
President Dictoriano Huerta. The Mexican Revolution began in nineteen ten
(00:47):
with a call to overthrow Dictator port Firio Dias, who
had ruled since eighteen eighty four. Dias said that Mexico
was ready for democracy, and Francisco Madeo campaigned success the
lead for the presidency, but Diaz had my Datta arrested
before the election, and Diaz was announced as the winner
of the election. My Datto called for a revolt and
(01:10):
revolutionary leaders began taking action against Dias's government. Soon Dias
abdicated the presidency and in November of nineteen eleven, Madetto
became president, but all was not well. My Datto was
not a great leader, and he did not implement land
reforms he had promised. My data resigned. General Victoriano Huerta
(01:32):
took the presidency in February of nineteen thirteen, and Medetto
and his vice president were assassinated. Guerta was also a dictator,
and revolutionaries began calling for his resignation. Pancho Villa was
one of the revolutionaries who opposed Huerta. Da led an
armed faction of thousands of men known as the Division
(01:54):
del northde or Division of the North. He allied with
revolutionary Venetiano Carranza and his Constitutionalist Army of Mexico to
depose the dictator with a force of volunteers and mercenaries.
He wanted victories against federal forces at Tierra ra Blanca,
so you did. Juarez, Chiahua, oh Naga, Palacio and torrion Zaka.
(02:17):
Takas was an old mining town and railway junction that
any attacker who came from the north would have to
capture before moving on to Mexico City. The town was
surrounded by high hills somewhere around twelve thousand Federal forces
were in Zacatecas, but Carranza was resentful of via success
and he did not want Villa to beat him to
(02:38):
Mexico City. Carrenza ordered Villa to divert his attack, but
Via decided to attack Zaka Takas anyway. General Phelippe A.
Hiles planned the attack. The Division of the North was
twenty thousand people strong and they had artillery from US dealers.
On June nineteen fourteen, Via force captured the hills of
(03:01):
El Grillo and La Buffa, where the federal commander of
the city, General Louis Madiana Baron, had placed his artillery.
A federal colonel in charge of an ammunition dump detonated
the arsenal rather than surrendering to federal troops. The morale
of the federal forces began to falter, and many panicked
(03:21):
As they attempted to flee the city. Vias cavalry began
killing them. When Baron ordered the remaining troops to evacuate
the city, they ran into seven thousand troops from the
Division del Norte in the town of Guadalupe. VIA's troops
executed federal officers and demanded they joined via side or die.
(03:42):
In the end, about seven thousand soldiers had died, five
thousand were injured, and more civilians were killed or hurt.
Revolutionaries pillaged the city. The chaos ended that night. The
bodies were burned or thrown into mines, but the city
was soon hit with a typhus epide make an Bamin.
(04:02):
After this devastating defeat, where the support waned, Wheta resigned
less than a month later on July fifteenth, and went
into exile. The Nusano Carranza declared himself president in August,
but Villa and Emiliano Zapata, another revolutionary leader, cut ties
with him. The Constitution of Mexico was created in nineteen seventeen,
(04:25):
but fighting continued for years after. Historians disagree on the
exact end date of the revolution. I'm Eve Jeff Coo
and hopefully you know a little more about history today
than you did yesterday. Keep up with us on Twitter,
Instagram and Facebook at T D I h C Podcast,
(04:45):
and if you haven't checked it out yet, you can
listen to a new podcast I host called Unpopular Unpopularized
about people in history who resisted the status quo. Thanks
again for listening and we'll see you tomorrow. Hey, y'all,
(05:13):
I'm Eves and welcome to the Standard History Class, a
podcast for people who can never have enough history knowledge.
M The day was June eight. Christopher Latham Shoals, Samuel Sole,
and Carlos Glidden were awarded patent number seventy nine thousand,
(05:36):
two hundred and sixty five for an invention they called
the typewriter. Shuls worked as an apprentice to a printer
when he was young. He later became a newspaper editor
and publisher as well as a politician. He and Solo,
who was a friend of his, also patented a page
numbering device. They worked on the device at Charles F.
(05:57):
Klein's Toyber's Machine Shop in mel Key, Wisconsin, but Shoals
and Sole soon shifted focus to work on a mechanical
writing device. Carlos Glidden joined them on the project. They
weren't the first to try to invent a writing machine.
Many people in history contributed to its design. In the
sixteenth century, Francesco Rampezzeto designed a crude machine that impressed
(06:21):
letters and paper. By the nineteenth century, there were plenty
of prototypes for the typewriter, people like William Austin, burt,
Agostino Fontoni, Pellegrino Torre, and Giuseppe Raviza worked on typing machines.
John Pratt built a machine called the Tarot type, but
he was a Confederate during the U S Civil War
and had to move to Britain to get his patents.
(06:43):
His typewriter was exhibited in Britain and was described in
the magazine Scientific American. Glinden Sole and Shoals were granted
a patent for the typewriter on June sixty eight. The
typewriter was made of wood and brass. It typed only
in capital letters, and it was an understroke machine, which
meant that the typist had to lift up the carriage
(07:05):
to see their work. Rasmus Melling Hansen, an inventor in Denmark,
created a typewriter known as the Writing Ball, which was
patented in eighteen seventy and commercially produced, but it wasn't
as influential as the Shoals and Glidden typewriter. Shoals, Glidden,
and others worked on the typewriter's design for several more years.
(07:26):
James Dinsmore provided financing to help get the typewriter manufactured.
Matthias Schwalbach contributed to the design, helping solve issues with
the type bars and keyboard. They sold the patent and
began working with E. Remington and Sons, a company known
for making guns and sewing machines, to commercialize the typewriter mechanics.
(07:48):
Jefferson Clough and William Jenna led the effort to rework
the machine and prepare it for mass production, and Remington
began production on the shoals and glidden typewriter as it
was called in eighteen seventy three. The first Remington model
entered the market in eighteen seventy four. It was decorated
with flowers, and it introduced the cordy keyboard. This was
(08:08):
likely the arrangement so that frequently used type bars were
separated and jamming didn't happen as often. This model had
little success though it was expensive at one and twenty
five dollars, which would be around twenty eight hundred dollars today,
and it wasn't as efficient as intended. But in eighteen
seventy eight, Remington introduced its Model number two. It had
(08:32):
a shift mechanism to produce upper and lower case letters.
The carriage return was operated by hand rather than by
foot as the previous model was, and the ribbon reversed automatically.
The Remington Number two has been considered the first successful
commercial typewriter. Some people found the typewriter and practical, or
thought that typed letters lacked a personal touch, but the
(08:55):
typewriter allowed people to write faster than they could by
hand and contributed to increase efficiency in the workplace. Its
success led to the creation of many competitor models, and
as Remington got women to demonstrate the typewriter and put
them in its promotional images, more women entered the clerical workforce.
The typewriter continued to develop over the next century and
(09:18):
remained an important tool in the office until the introduction
of the computer. That said, many people around the world
still use typewriters, like people in prisons and people in
places where electricity isn't reliable. I'm Eve step Coote and
hopefully you know a little more about history today than
you did yesterday. And if you have any comment source suggestions,
(09:40):
you can send them to us at this day at
I heeart Media dot com. You can also hit us
up on social media where at t D I h
C Podcast. Thanks again for listening to the show, and
we'll see you tomorrow. M hmm yeah. For more podcasts
(10:04):
from My Heart Radio, visit the I heart Radio app,
Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.
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