Government junta of Chile began - June 4, 1932

On this day in 1932, the goverment junta of Chile began.

Learn more about your ad-choices at https://www.iheartpodcastnetwork.com

See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Episode Transcript

Speaker 1 (00:00):
This Day in History Class is a production of I
Heart Radio. Welcome to This Day in History Class, where
we bring you a new tidbit from history every day.
Today is June fourteen. The day was June fourth two.

(00:26):
In a military rebellion that began on this day, the
Tilean air force under the command of Colonel Marmaduke Grove
forced to President Juan Esteban Monteo Rodriguez from power. The
Socialist Republic of tile was formed, though it was very
short lived. The Great Depression hit Toil hard. The value

(00:48):
of copper and nitrate exports from the country declined substantially.
Thousands of workers lost their jobs in nitrate fields. Imports
also declined significantly, and crops from the nineteen thirty one
and nineteen thirty two harvests had failed. The government tried
to spread unemployed people out from the north by building

(01:08):
albergues or temporary housing in urban areas, but Chile did
not have the resources to provide so much assistance. Afraid
that having so many unemployed people concentrated in urban areas
would cause conflict, government officials began kicking unemployed people out
of cities. Workers and university students protested the forced evictions

(01:31):
by striking. In July of nineteen thirty one, they demanded
President Carlos Ibanyez out and called for a return to
constitutional democracy. Police officers killed more than ten people during
the demonstrations on July. After the government remained indecisive on
the issue and student unrest in Santiago continued, Ivannyez resigned

(01:54):
and took off to the U S Embassy. Ibanna Is replacement.
The president of the sent It also resigned, and Juan
Estevan Mondeto of the Conservative Party became provisional president. In
October of nineteen thirty one, Montetto was elected president with
six of the vote. In the midst of all the

(02:15):
economic and political instability, Montero attempted to revive the country's
devastated economy, but the crisis was so severe that the
government's attempts did not work. Currency depreciated and inflation went up.
In April of nineteen thirty two, the president declared martial law,
but Monteto's opposition would soon seize power. On June four,

(02:39):
ninety two, planes from El Bosk air Base, commanded by
Grove flew over law Moneta the president's palace. This caused
Monteto's government to resign, and the revolt established a junta
government that consisted of General Arturo puga Osorio, journalist and
former ambassador to the United States Carlos Avula, and socialist

(03:01):
politician Aohinio Mateo. Air Commodore Marmaduke Grove was the war minister.
The republica Socialista or socialist Republic was created. This junta
dissolved Ibanya's Congress, declared a moratorium on the collection of
debts and returned goods held in pawn at the government

(03:22):
owned Banco de Creido Populard. Free meals were to be
served daily to unemployed people, but funding soon ran out
for the programs, pushing the government to order the police
to rate jewelry shops and declare credits and deposits in
foreign currency property of the state. Opinion on the Socialist
Republic was split. Just over a week later, the first

(03:46):
junta was dissolved and another was established, with puga Osorio
taking the executive power, and on June six, Carlos Davila
seized power and formed a new junta with Alberto Calbertro
and Pedro Nolasco Gardenas Aventagno where Puga Osorio was the
war minister. Davila exalt and Grove to Eastern Island and

(04:09):
accused them of being communists. He also declared a state
of emergency and press censorship. On the eighth of July,
Davila declared himself provisional president of the Socialist Republic, but
he did not have enough support from the military or
from civilians to remain in that position. On September, Davila

(04:31):
was overthrown in a military rebellion live by Commodore and
Marino in General Bartolome Blanche. Blanche ceded power to the
President of the Supreme Court, Abraham Oyendel Rutilla, who held
general elections in October. Arturo Alessandri Palma, who had already
been president of Chile from nineteen twenty to nineteen four,

(04:53):
was elected for his second term. In his first term,
Alessandri had called for the able lisition of the parliamentary system,
the direct election of the president, and the separation of
church and state. After his second election, democracy returned to Chile,
but this time Alessandri was a strict constitutionalist. He remained

(05:16):
president until night, but workers in the middle class were
still dissatisfied in that year's presidential election, radical candidate Pedro
Ager Serrada one. I'm Eve Steff Coote and hopefully you
know a little more about history today than you did yesterday.
Keep up with us on Twitter, Instagram and Facebook at

(05:40):
t d i h C podcast And if you want
to listen to more history, you can check out the
podcast Unpopular. It's the show that I host that's about
people in history who challenge the status quo and sometimes
they were persecuted for it. Thanks again for listening and
we'll see you tomorrow. M H. For more podcasts from

(06:06):
I Heeart Radio, visit the iHeart Radio app, Apple Podcasts,
or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.