Government junta of Chile began / Emily Davison trampled - June 4

On this day in 1932, the government junta of Chile began. / On this day in 1913, suffragette Emily Davison was trampled by a horse at the Epsom Derby.

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Episode Transcript

Speaker 1 (00:00):
Hey, history enthusiasts, you get not one, but two events
in history today. With that said, on with the show,
Welcome to this Day in History class, where we bring
you a new tidbit from history every day. The day

(00:22):
was June fourth two. In a military rebellion that began
on this day, the Tilean air force under the command
of Colonel Marmaduke Grove forced to President Juan Esteban Monteo
Rodriguez from power. The Socialist Republic of tile was formed,
though it was very short lived. The Great Depression hit

(00:45):
to a hard The value of copper and nitrate exports
from the country declined substantially. Thousands of workers lost their
jobs in nitrate fields. Imports also declined significantly, and crops
from the nineteenth one in nineteen thirty two harvests had failed.
The government tried to spread unemployed people out from the

(01:06):
north by building albergues or temporary housing in urban areas,
but Chile did not have the resources to provide so
much assistance. Afraid that having so many unemployed people concentrated
in urban areas would cause conflict, government officials began kicking
unemployed people out of cities. Workers and university students protested

(01:28):
the forced evictions by striking in July of nineteen thirty one.
They demanded President Carlos Ibanyez out and called for a
return to constitutional democracy. Police officers killed more than ten
people during the demonstrations on July. After the government remained
indecisive on the issue and student unrest in Santiago continued,

(01:52):
Ivannyez resigned and took off to the U S Embassy.
Ibanye is replacement. The president of the Senate also resigned,
and juan Esevan Mondetto of the Conservative Party became provisional president.
In October of nineteen thirty one, Montetto was elected president
with six of the vote. In the midst of all

(02:14):
the economic and political instability, Monteto attempted to revive the
country's devastated economy, but the crisis was so severe that
the government's attempts did not work. Currency depreciated and inflation
went up. In April of nineteen thirty two, the president
declared martial law, but Monteto's opposition would soon seize power.

(02:37):
On June four, ninety two, planes from El Bosk air Base,
commanded by Grove flew over law Moneta, the president's Palace.
This caused Monteto's government to resign, and the revolt established
a junta government that consisted of General Arturo puga Osorio,
journalist and former ambassador to the United States Carlos Davila,

(03:00):
and socialist politician Ahino Mateo. Air commodore Marmaduke Grove was
the war minister. The republica Socialista or socialist Republic was created.
This junta dissolved Ibanya's Congress, declared a moratorium on the
collection of debts and returned goods held in pawn at

(03:21):
the government owned Banco de Credo. Popular free meals were
to be served daily to unemployed people, but funding soon
ran out for the programs, pushing the government to order
the police to rate jewelry shops and declare credits and
deposits in foreign currency property of the state. Opinion on
the Socialist Republic was split. Just over a week later,

(03:45):
the first junta was dissolved and another was established, with
puga Osorio taking the executive power, and on June six,
Carlos Davila seized power and formed a new junta with
Alberto Cabertro and Pedro Nolasco gardenas Avandagno, where Puga Osorio
was the war minister. Davila exalt and Grove to Easter

(04:08):
Island and accused them of being communists. He also declared
a state of emergency and press censorship. On the eighth
of July, Davola declared himself provisional president of the Socialist Republic,
but he did not have enough support from the military
or from civilians to remain in that position. On September,

(04:29):
Davila was overthrown in a military rebellion live by Commodore
Marino in General Bartholome Blanche. Blanche ceded power to the
President of the Supreme Court, Abraham Oyendel Rutilla, who held
general elections in October. Arturo Alessandri Palma, who had already
been president of Chile from nineteen twenty to nineteen four,

(04:53):
was elected for his second term. In his first term,
Alessandri had called for the abolition of the parliamentary system,
the direct election of the president, and the separation of
church and state. After his second election, democracy returned to Chile,
but this time Alessandri was a strict constitutionalist. He remained

(05:15):
president until night, but workers in the middle class were
still dissatisfied. In that year's presidential election, radical candidate Pedro
Ager Serrada one. I'm Eve Steff Coote and hopefully you
know a little more about history today than you did yesterday.
Keep up with us on Twitter, Instagram and Facebook at

(05:39):
T D I h C podcast And if you want
to listen to more history, you can check out the
podcast Unpopular. It's the show that I host that's about
people in history who challenge the status quo and sometimes
they were persecuted for it. Thanks again for listening and
we'll see you tomorrow. Hello everyone, I'm Eves and welcome

(06:07):
to this Day and History Class, a show that will
convince you that history can be fascinating even when you
expected not to be. The day was June fourth. Suffragette
Emily Davison was trampled by a horse at the Episom Derby.

(06:27):
She died four days later. The intentions of her actions
leading to the accident have been a topic of debate.
In nineteen o six, Davidson joined the Women's Social and
Political Union. The w s p U was a militant
political organization that campaigned for women's suffrage in the UK.
At the time, Davidson was thirty four years old and

(06:48):
worked as a governess, but she soon left her job
to work for the movement full time. Davidson was a
devout Christian and advocated for socialism. As a feminist in
suffragett she was militant and often confrontational. She was arrested
and imprisoned several times. She went to jail for the
first time in nineteen o nine after marching to see

(07:11):
Prime Minister H. H. Asquith with a group led by
suffragette Dora Marston. She and several other women ended up
being charged with obstruction and assaulting the police. Davidson was
later imprisoned for throwing stones at people and setting pillar
boxes on fire. While in prison, she would go on
hunger strikes and was forcefid. In nineteen twelve, she jumped

(07:35):
from a prison balcony and protest of her treatment and
injured her head Invertebrae. When June fourteen, Davidson attended the derby,
she had two WSPU flags which bore the colors purple,
white and green. She found a spot at Tattenham Corner,
the last bin before the final straight. As the horses

(07:56):
came around Tattenham Corner. Davidson deduct under the railing and
on the track. When she made it, went to the
track King George, the fifth horse struck her. Davidson was
knocked unconscious and the horse fell and through office jockey
Herbert Jones. The incident was caught on camera. Davidson and
Jones were taken to the hospital. Jones had a concussion

(08:17):
and was soon sent home, but Davidson never regained consciousness
and died from a fracture at the base of her
skull on June eight. Davidson's funeral on June four involved
a procession of thousands of people. The WSPU pegged her
as a martyr, while the media questioned her mental stability
and pointed to her reputation as a militant suffragette. Opinion

(08:40):
is divided on whether Davison intended to die or just
wanted to disrupt the derby. Some historians say that she
was trying to attach a flag to the horse. Other
people believed that she was trying to cross the tracks
and something that she was trying to pull the horse down.
At the time, Davidson was carrying a return train ticket
from EPSOM and had made plans with her sister for

(09:01):
the near future. Some people point to this fact as
evidence that she did not intend to die by suicide
that day. When World War One broke out in nineteen fourteen,
w SPU founder Emmilyne Pankers suspended the organization's militant activities
and focus on recruiting women to the war effort. I'm
Eve Stecote and hopefully you know a little more about

(09:23):
history today than you did yesterday. And if you have
any comments, our suggestions, or time whereas you want to
send us, you can send them to this day at
iHeart media dot com. You can also hit us up
on social media where at T D I D podcast.
Hope you enjoyed the show and we'll be back tomorrow
with another episode. For more podcasts from my Heart Radio,

(09:55):
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