October 3, 2020 • 10 mins
Italy invaded the Ethiopian Empire, also known as Abyssinia, on this day in 1935. / Tula, leader of the Curaçao Slave Revolt, was executed on this day in 1795.
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Speaker 1 (00:00):
Hey, y'all, Eve's here. We're doubling up today with two
events in history, one from me and one from former
host Tracy V. Wilson. On with the show. Welcome to
this day in History Class from how Stuff Works dot
Com and from the desk of Stuff You Missed in
History Class. It's the show where we explore the past
one day at a time with a quick look at
what happened today in history. Hello, and welcome to the podcast.
(00:26):
I'm Tracy V. Wilson, and it's October three. Italy invaded
Ethiopia on this day in ninety five. From the eighteen
eighties until about nineteen fourteen, European powers had divided up
most of the continent of Africa into colonial territories. This
whole mad rush to try to claim as much of
Africa as possible was called the Scramble for Africa. And
(00:49):
after all this scramble, the Ethiopian Empire, also known as Abyssinia,
was one of a very few parts of Africa that
was not under European colonial control. Italy had tried to
invade the Ethiopian Empire in eight but it failed, suffering
a massive defeat. A year later, Italy's military had been
(01:10):
more advanced than Ethiopias was, but Ethiopia had mustered a
huge resistance force and had gotten support from Russia. Ultimately,
during this initial invasion in the eighteen nineties, Italy had
to fall back to Somali Land, which it controlled. It
took a while after this whole invasion for Italy and
Ethiopia to agree on a border between Ethiopia and Somali
(01:32):
Land was finally established in but then in nineteen thirty four,
Italy built a fort at the Wawa Oasis, which was
unquestionably in Ethiopian territory. This fort housed a Somali force
which was serving under Italian command. It is not clear
exactly what happened, but there was some kind of dispute
(01:55):
between the Somali force that was garrisoned at the oasis
and Theopian soldiers, and that happened in early December of
nineteen four. Each side said that the other one made
the initial attack. Benito Mussolini used this as justification to
invade ten months later. The invasion into Ethiopia came from
(02:16):
multiple directions, and it combined Italian forces and forces drawn
from their African colonies. The Italian Army has had been
the case before, was better armed and better trained than
the Ethiopian army, and it pressed toward the Ethiopian capital
of Addis Ababa, which fell on May fifth. Benito Mussolini
(02:36):
proclaimed Victor Emmanuel the Third, who was King of Italy,
to be the Emperor of the Ethiopian Empire. The League
of Nations had been formed in the end of World
War One with the goal of ensuring peace after this point,
and from the outset of this Italian invasion, the League
condemned what Italy was doing, but the League of Nations
(02:56):
also wasn't a military power, and its ability to spawned
to something like this was really limited. The League voted
to institute economic sanctions against Italy, but the major world
powers didn't really do much to uphold these sanctions. This
really undermined the League of Nation's ability to do what
it had been designed to do, and it showed the
(03:19):
world that it was kind of toothless. It stood out
as an example of how the League just wouldn't have
much power without the backing of the most powerful nations
in the world. In the end, Italy declared this a
victory after invading Ethiopia, but Ethiopia never actually surrendered. Consequently,
Ethiopia considers this to be a military occupation, not an
(03:43):
absorption into the Italian colonial empire, and this occupation was
really deadly. Ethiopia continued to resist against Italy throughout and
as many as a quarter of a million Ethiopians died
due to both conventional weaponry and gas attacks. This occupation
continued until World War two. Great Britain declared war on
(04:06):
Italy and nineteen thirty nine, and on April six, ninety one,
a combined British and Ethiopian forest drove the Italians out
of the capital and restored Ethiopia's last Emperor, Highly Selassie
to power. You could learn more about Highly Selassie in
the February two episode of Stuff You Missed in History
Class called The Last Emperor of Ethiopia. Thanks to Christopher
(04:28):
Hasciotas for his research work on today's episode, Antatari Harrison
for all of her audio work on this podcast. You
can subscribe to This Day in History Class on Apple podcast,
Google Podcasts, and wherever else you get your podcasts, and
you can tune in tomorrow for a famous way to travel.
(04:52):
Hi everyone, I'm Eves and Welcome to This Day in
History Class, a podcast where we dust off a little
piece of history and placed it ever so gently on
your brainshelf every day. The day was October three, Tula,
(05:14):
a leader of the Curoso slave revolt, was executed. Curoso
is an island in the Caribbean Sea. The air Walk
indigenous peoples from South America are thought to have moved
to the island many hundreds of years ago. In four
Spaniard Alonso de Ojeda arrived on the island with an expedition,
(05:35):
marking the first time Europeans visited Curoso. The Spanish then
colonized the island, which at that time was inhabited by
the Gagaido, a coastal tribe of air Walk people. The
Spanish enslaved the Gagados and sent them to Hispaniola, but
by sixteen thirty four the Dutch had occupied the island.
(05:57):
Curoso was a major port of trade for the Dutch
India Company that included the trade of enslaved people, which
was the main business of the island. Most of the
enslaved Africans who came through were bought and sold in
Curoso and were taken to other islands in the Dutch
West Indies and in Spanish colonies. Some of those enslaved
(06:18):
Africans did remain on the island and worked on plantations.
There was a large number of enslaved people on the island,
but there were also many manu missions and many free
people of color and black people also lived in Curoso,
and some of them even owned enslaved people. There were
slave revolts in Curoso in the eighteenth century, including minor
(06:41):
ones in seventeen sixteen, seventeen fifty, and seventeen seventy four.
One of the most significant revolts in Curoso's history is
the one that began on August seventeen, seventeen nine. About
fifty enslaved people who worked on the Dunip plantation refused
to work and went to nearby plantations to gather more supporters.
(07:04):
There were several reasons that the unrest among enslaved people
have reached this point. Dutch planters were imposing more restrictions
on enslaved people to increase productivity and profit. They forced
enslaved people to work on Sundays, and they hired enslaved
people out to others. Slave owners also collectively punished enslaved
(07:25):
people for the offense of a single person. On top
of the conflict swelling around those changes, enslaved people in
cure So also received word of the anti slavery and
anti colonial uprisings in the French colony of Sandoman or
present day Haiti, as well as the defeat of the
Dutch by French revolutionary forces in sev As revolts and
(07:48):
conspiracies took place in the French and Spanish Caribbean, the
spirit of revolution spread throughout the region. An enslaved man
named Tula reportedly knew about the French in Haitian revolution
and spoke about them. Tula, Louis Mercier, Bastion Carpata, and
Pedro Racau were all instrumental in the revolt. It's not
(08:09):
clear whether the revolt was the result of a planned
conspiracy or happened spontaneously, but the strike on the Denepe
plantation turned into a widespread revolt. At its height, the
revolt involved about two thousand enslaved people out of the
twelve thousand who lived on the island. Some free black
people and Maroons or fugitives who lived in independent communities
(08:33):
also joined the revolt against the colonists. At first, colonial
authorities turned to a Roman Catholic priest named Father Shank
to help with negotiations, but revolt leaders did not budge
on their calls for freedom. When negotiations failed, the Dutch
decided to use armed force and turned to white, colored
(08:54):
and black militias to suppress the rebellion. The insurgents claimed
that support would be arriving from Sando mont, but by
late September the revolt had been suppressed. The leaders of
the rebellion, including Tula, Mercia and Carpata, had been captured.
Two white people had been killed, while around a hundred
(09:14):
enslaved people were murdered. Tula was tortured on the rack
and forced to confess that he planned to kill all
white people in Curosow, and then he was executed. Other
revolt leaders were also put to brutal deaths. After the revolt,
colonial authorities made efforts to roll back some of the
harsh labor practices and post on enslaved people that led
(09:37):
to the rebellion, though there was a little anti slavery
resistance in Curaso in the years after the sevent revolt.
There weren't many major slave revolts on the island throughout
the nineteenth century. Slavery was abolished in Cuasow in eighteen
sixty three. I'm each Jeff Code, and hopefully you know
a little more about history today than you did yesterday.
(10:00):
You can keep up with us on social media on Twitter, Facebook,
and Instagram at t d i h C podcast email
still works. Send us a note at this day at
iHeartMedia dot com. I hope you enjoyed today's episode. We'll
be back tomorrow with another one. For more podcasts from
(10:34):
my heart Radio, visit the I Heart Radio app, Apple Podcasts,
or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.
Hey, y'all, Eve's here. We're doubling up today with two
events in history, one from me and one from former
host Tracy V. Wilson. On with the show. Welcome to
this day in History Class from how Stuff Works dot
Com and from the desk of Stuff You Missed in
History Class. It's the show where we explore the past
one day at a time with a quick look at
what happened today in history. Hello, and welcome to the podcast.
(00:26):
I'm Tracy V. Wilson, and it's October three. Italy invaded
Ethiopia on this day in ninety five. From the eighteen
eighties until about nineteen fourteen, European powers had divided up
most of the continent of Africa into colonial territories. This
whole mad rush to try to claim as much of
Africa as possible was called the Scramble for Africa. And
(00:49):
after all this scramble, the Ethiopian Empire, also known as Abyssinia,
was one of a very few parts of Africa that
was not under European colonial control. Italy had tried to
invade the Ethiopian Empire in eight but it failed, suffering
a massive defeat. A year later, Italy's military had been
(01:10):
more advanced than Ethiopias was, but Ethiopia had mustered a
huge resistance force and had gotten support from Russia. Ultimately,
during this initial invasion in the eighteen nineties, Italy had
to fall back to Somali Land, which it controlled. It
took a while after this whole invasion for Italy and
Ethiopia to agree on a border between Ethiopia and Somali
(01:32):
Land was finally established in but then in nineteen thirty four,
Italy built a fort at the Wawa Oasis, which was
unquestionably in Ethiopian territory. This fort housed a Somali force
which was serving under Italian command. It is not clear
exactly what happened, but there was some kind of dispute
(01:55):
between the Somali force that was garrisoned at the oasis
and Theopian soldiers, and that happened in early December of
nineteen four. Each side said that the other one made
the initial attack. Benito Mussolini used this as justification to
invade ten months later. The invasion into Ethiopia came from
(02:16):
multiple directions, and it combined Italian forces and forces drawn
from their African colonies. The Italian Army has had been
the case before, was better armed and better trained than
the Ethiopian army, and it pressed toward the Ethiopian capital
of Addis Ababa, which fell on May fifth. Benito Mussolini
(02:36):
proclaimed Victor Emmanuel the Third, who was King of Italy,
to be the Emperor of the Ethiopian Empire. The League
of Nations had been formed in the end of World
War One with the goal of ensuring peace after this point,
and from the outset of this Italian invasion, the League
condemned what Italy was doing, but the League of Nations
(02:56):
also wasn't a military power, and its ability to spawned
to something like this was really limited. The League voted
to institute economic sanctions against Italy, but the major world
powers didn't really do much to uphold these sanctions. This
really undermined the League of Nation's ability to do what
it had been designed to do, and it showed the
(03:19):
world that it was kind of toothless. It stood out
as an example of how the League just wouldn't have
much power without the backing of the most powerful nations
in the world. In the end, Italy declared this a
victory after invading Ethiopia, but Ethiopia never actually surrendered. Consequently,
Ethiopia considers this to be a military occupation, not an
(03:43):
absorption into the Italian colonial empire, and this occupation was
really deadly. Ethiopia continued to resist against Italy throughout and
as many as a quarter of a million Ethiopians died
due to both conventional weaponry and gas attacks. This occupation
continued until World War two. Great Britain declared war on
(04:06):
Italy and nineteen thirty nine, and on April six, ninety one,
a combined British and Ethiopian forest drove the Italians out
of the capital and restored Ethiopia's last Emperor, Highly Selassie
to power. You could learn more about Highly Selassie in
the February two episode of Stuff You Missed in History
Class called The Last Emperor of Ethiopia. Thanks to Christopher
(04:28):
Hasciotas for his research work on today's episode, Antatari Harrison
for all of her audio work on this podcast. You
can subscribe to This Day in History Class on Apple podcast,
Google Podcasts, and wherever else you get your podcasts, and
you can tune in tomorrow for a famous way to travel.
(04:52):
Hi everyone, I'm Eves and Welcome to This Day in
History Class, a podcast where we dust off a little
piece of history and placed it ever so gently on
your brainshelf every day. The day was October three, Tula,
(05:14):
a leader of the Curoso slave revolt, was executed. Curoso
is an island in the Caribbean Sea. The air Walk
indigenous peoples from South America are thought to have moved
to the island many hundreds of years ago. In four
Spaniard Alonso de Ojeda arrived on the island with an expedition,
(05:35):
marking the first time Europeans visited Curoso. The Spanish then
colonized the island, which at that time was inhabited by
the Gagaido, a coastal tribe of air Walk people. The
Spanish enslaved the Gagados and sent them to Hispaniola, but
by sixteen thirty four the Dutch had occupied the island.
(05:57):
Curoso was a major port of trade for the Dutch
India Company that included the trade of enslaved people, which
was the main business of the island. Most of the
enslaved Africans who came through were bought and sold in
Curoso and were taken to other islands in the Dutch
West Indies and in Spanish colonies. Some of those enslaved
(06:18):
Africans did remain on the island and worked on plantations.
There was a large number of enslaved people on the island,
but there were also many manu missions and many free
people of color and black people also lived in Curoso,
and some of them even owned enslaved people. There were
slave revolts in Curoso in the eighteenth century, including minor
(06:41):
ones in seventeen sixteen, seventeen fifty, and seventeen seventy four.
One of the most significant revolts in Curoso's history is
the one that began on August seventeen, seventeen nine. About
fifty enslaved people who worked on the Dunip plantation refused
to work and went to nearby plantations to gather more supporters.
(07:04):
There were several reasons that the unrest among enslaved people
have reached this point. Dutch planters were imposing more restrictions
on enslaved people to increase productivity and profit. They forced
enslaved people to work on Sundays, and they hired enslaved
people out to others. Slave owners also collectively punished enslaved
(07:25):
people for the offense of a single person. On top
of the conflict swelling around those changes, enslaved people in
cure So also received word of the anti slavery and
anti colonial uprisings in the French colony of Sandoman or
present day Haiti, as well as the defeat of the
Dutch by French revolutionary forces in sev As revolts and
(07:48):
conspiracies took place in the French and Spanish Caribbean, the
spirit of revolution spread throughout the region. An enslaved man
named Tula reportedly knew about the French in Haitian revolution
and spoke about them. Tula, Louis Mercier, Bastion Carpata, and
Pedro Racau were all instrumental in the revolt. It's not
(08:09):
clear whether the revolt was the result of a planned
conspiracy or happened spontaneously, but the strike on the Denepe
plantation turned into a widespread revolt. At its height, the
revolt involved about two thousand enslaved people out of the
twelve thousand who lived on the island. Some free black
people and Maroons or fugitives who lived in independent communities
(08:33):
also joined the revolt against the colonists. At first, colonial
authorities turned to a Roman Catholic priest named Father Shank
to help with negotiations, but revolt leaders did not budge
on their calls for freedom. When negotiations failed, the Dutch
decided to use armed force and turned to white, colored
(08:54):
and black militias to suppress the rebellion. The insurgents claimed
that support would be arriving from Sando mont, but by
late September the revolt had been suppressed. The leaders of
the rebellion, including Tula, Mercia and Carpata, had been captured.
Two white people had been killed, while around a hundred
(09:14):
enslaved people were murdered. Tula was tortured on the rack
and forced to confess that he planned to kill all
white people in Curosow, and then he was executed. Other
revolt leaders were also put to brutal deaths. After the revolt,
colonial authorities made efforts to roll back some of the
harsh labor practices and post on enslaved people that led
(09:37):
to the rebellion, though there was a little anti slavery
resistance in Curaso in the years after the sevent revolt.
There weren't many major slave revolts on the island throughout
the nineteenth century. Slavery was abolished in Cuasow in eighteen
sixty three. I'm each Jeff Code, and hopefully you know
a little more about history today than you did yesterday.
(10:00):
You can keep up with us on social media on Twitter, Facebook,
and Instagram at t d i h C podcast email
still works. Send us a note at this day at
iHeartMedia dot com. I hope you enjoyed today's episode. We'll
be back tomorrow with another one. For more podcasts from
(10:34):
my heart Radio, visit the I Heart Radio app, Apple Podcasts,
or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.
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