June 10, 2021 • 10 mins
On this day in 1838, the Myall Creek Massacre occurred in New South Wales. / On this day in 1980, the African National Congress published a message that anti-apartheid leader Nelson Mandela wrote in response to the Soweto Uprising in 1976.
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Episode Transcript
Available transcripts are automatically generated. Complete accuracy is not guaranteed.
Speaker 1 (00:00):
Hey, y'all, Eve's here. Today's episode contains not just one,
but two nuggets of history. Consider it a double feature.
Enjoy the show. Hi everyone, Welcome to this day in
History class, where we uncover the remnants of history every day.
(00:23):
The day was June tenth. The will Ray of Roy people,
a tribal clan of the Gamilli Roi nation. We're getting
ready to have their evening meal at Mile Creek Station.
Just before sunset, a group of twelve Europeans, including convicts,
former convicts, and one colonist, showed up at the station,
(00:44):
armed and massacred at least twenty eight Aboriginal people. The
killings at Mile Creek was one of many incidences of
colonial violence against Aboriginal people by British colonists, but the
trials that followed the massacre marked the first time British
subject were executed for massacring Aboriginal people in New South Wales.
(01:05):
At the time of the Mile Creek massacre, British law
stated that killing Aboriginal people was a crime, but as
Aboriginal people and colonists clashed over europeans increasing presents and
use of land and resources, violence became common. Aboriginal people
fought against the incursion of colonists and the state sanctioned
(01:26):
attacks against Aboriginal people. On January eighteen thirty eight, for example,
Major James Nunn, the commander of the New South Wales
Mounted Police, along with some soldiers in Stockman, massacred more
than fifty Aboriginal people at Waterloo Creek. The Warray of
Roy people had suffered many losses as a result of
(01:46):
the conflict between Aboriginal people and Europeans. Fleeing frontier violence,
they decided to camp on Henry Dangar's property at Mile
Creek Station, which was near present day Bingara. The Worray
of Roy assisted Stockman in an exchange were protected from violence,
but on June normal operations at the station were interrupted
(02:08):
when the group of convicts, ex convicts and the colonists
led by John Fleming, showed up with weapons. Stockman George
Anderson and Charles Killmeister, as well as two Aboriginal men,
were attending the station. About thirty Aboriginal people fled to
the stockmen's huts, while two boys escaped by jumping into
(02:29):
a creek. The attackers tied up the Wearray of Why
people and took them from their campsite, though several women
and girls were separated from the group and taken elsewhere.
Kill Meister joined the attackers while Anderson attempted to help
an Aboriginal girl and woman. The wray of why people
were taken to a stockyard and killed and their bodies
(02:51):
were dismembered and burned. People who committed massacres of Aboriginal
people were rarely punished. In fact, many colonists thought that
Europeans should not be punished for killing Aboriginal people, but
the proceedings that would follow the Mile Creek massacre sent
a judicial precedent. Station manager William Hobbs, police superintendent Thomas Foster,
(03:15):
and colonists Frederick Foote reported the massacre, and Governor and
George Gibbs sent police Magistrate Edward Denny Day to investigate
the crime. After taking depositions from nineteen witnesses, Day arrested
eleven of the twelve people who had committed the massacre.
The free colonist John Fleming managed to get away the convicts,
(03:38):
and ex convicts who had perpetrated the murders were sent
to Sydney for trial. The first trial began on November
thirty eight at the New South Wales Supreme Court. It
was presided over by Chief Justice Sir James Dowling and
there were twelve colonists on the jury. The Aboriginal man
named yante in Ten, who witnessed the killings, could not
(04:00):
testify in court because he was not Christian, so he
could not swear to his evidence. In the end, the
jury found the eleven defendants not guilty of committing murder
at Mile Creek, but Attorney General John Plunkett was not
satisfied with that verdict, so they went to a second trial.
Plunkett split up the defendants, hoping they would tell in
(04:22):
each other. Seven of the defendants were tried by Judge
William Burton. They were found guilty and they were hanged
in December at the George Street Jail. The remaining four
defendants were set to go to trial as well, this
time with Yenta Yanten as an eyewitness as he had
been introduced to Christianity. But yanta Inten was never seen
(04:44):
again and the rest of the murderers walked free. After
the trials, Colonists expressed more anger at the executions of
the Europeans than the killings of the Aboriginal people, and
they continued to massacre Aboriginal pe bowl, though the people
who committed the murders did not publicize them as proudly
(05:04):
and took measures to cover them up. Even though there
was a reward for Flomming's capture, he was able to
reintegrate into society and never faced trial. One of the
people who committed the massacre and got off free died
by suicide, and William Hobbs, who reported the crime, lost
his job with Dangar. Today there's a memorial site in
(05:27):
service at Mile Creek. I'm Eve Jefco and hopefully you
know a little more about history today than you did yesterday.
But if you still don't know enough, you can listen
to another show I host called Unpopular. Un Popular is
a podcast about people in history who challenged the status
quo and we're sometimes persecuted for it. You can listen
(05:49):
anywhere you get This Day in History Class. You can
follow us on Twitter, Instagram and Facebook at t d
i HC podcast. Thanks again for listening and we'll see
you tomorrow. Hello everyone, I'm Eves and welcome to This
(06:18):
Day in History Class, a podcast that packages history into tiny,
bite sized pieces. The day was June tenth, nineteen eighty.
The African National Congress published a message that anti apartheid
leader Nelson Mandela wrote in response to the Solueto uprising
(06:40):
in nineteen seventy six. At the time, Mandela was imprisoned.
In ninety eight, the National Party came to power in
South Africa and began implementing the policy of apartheid. At
the time, racial segregation already existed in the country and
the white minority held political power. Those segregation had long
(07:02):
been in practice. Apartheid extended the policy. It dictated where
people could live and work based on race. The Population
Registration Act required people to be classified and registered as black, white, colored,
or other Past laws reinforced the ideology of white supremacy
by controlling the movement of black South Africans. Plenty of
(07:24):
other apartheid laws were passed that enforced the country system
of racial segregation and disadvantaged the majority black population. Nelson
Mandela was a key figure in the anti apartheid movement.
In the early nineteen forties, Mandela joined the African National
Congress or a n C, a political party that became
(07:45):
dedicated to ending apartheid. Once the National Party came to power.
In the decades after apartheid became official government policy, resistance
to the system sprang up across South Africa. The A
and C was heavily involved in the fight against apartheid,
and Mandela emerged as a leader in the A n C.
(08:05):
In June of nineteen seventy six, black students in Sluedo
Township led protests in response to the government mandating the
use of Afrikaans as a medium of instruction and schools.
Afrikaans was a language of the white minority. As thousands
of students marched in the demonstrations, the police responded by
shooting at the children. Many children were killed in the
(08:28):
Siluayedo Uprising spread across the country. At the time of
the Siluedo uprising, Nelson Mandela was in prison serving a
life term after being convicted of sabotage in the Ravonia
trial in nineteen sixty four. During his time in prison,
Mandela continued to write and support the anti apartheid movement,
(08:49):
and people helped him smuggle his writing out of Robin
Island prison. One of the messages he wrote from Robin
Island was in response to the Siluedo uprising. On June tenth,
nineteen eighty, the a n C published this message, stating
that it took more than two years to reach them.
It included an introduction by Oliver Tombo, who was President
(09:10):
of the African National Congress. The introduction acknowledged the importance
of Mandela's quote called to unity and mass action, especially
since nineteen eighty marked the twenty five anniversary of the
Freedom Charter, a document ratified in nineteen fifty five that
demanded equal rights for all South Africans. In the introduction,
the a n C urged readers to quote, make nineteen
(09:32):
eighty a year of united mass struggle. In the message,
Mandela laid out how quote white domination is held in
check by force of arms, and how apartheid was opposed
by many people. He also called for black unity and
said that quote victory is certain. Near the end of
the message, he wrote the following, Unite, mobilized. Fight on
(09:56):
between the anvil of united mass action and the hammer
of the armed struggle, we shall crush apartheid in white
minority racist rule. Mandela was released from prison a decade later.
In negotiations to end apartheid soon began, and Mandela became
President of South Africa in n I'm each Jeffcote and
(10:19):
hopefully you know a little more about history today than
you did yesterday. And if you have any comments our suggestions,
you can hit us up on social media. We're at
t D I h C Podcast. You can also send
us an email. We're at This Day at I heeart
media dot com. Thanks again for listening to the show
and we'll see you tomorrow. M For more podcasts for
(10:51):
my Heart Radio, visit the i Heart Radio app, Apple Podcasts,
or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.
Hey, y'all, Eve's here. Today's episode contains not just one,
but two nuggets of history. Consider it a double feature.
Enjoy the show. Hi everyone, Welcome to this day in
History class, where we uncover the remnants of history every day.
(00:23):
The day was June tenth. The will Ray of Roy people,
a tribal clan of the Gamilli Roi nation. We're getting
ready to have their evening meal at Mile Creek Station.
Just before sunset, a group of twelve Europeans, including convicts,
former convicts, and one colonist, showed up at the station,
(00:44):
armed and massacred at least twenty eight Aboriginal people. The
killings at Mile Creek was one of many incidences of
colonial violence against Aboriginal people by British colonists, but the
trials that followed the massacre marked the first time British
subject were executed for massacring Aboriginal people in New South Wales.
(01:05):
At the time of the Mile Creek massacre, British law
stated that killing Aboriginal people was a crime, but as
Aboriginal people and colonists clashed over europeans increasing presents and
use of land and resources, violence became common. Aboriginal people
fought against the incursion of colonists and the state sanctioned
(01:26):
attacks against Aboriginal people. On January eighteen thirty eight, for example,
Major James Nunn, the commander of the New South Wales
Mounted Police, along with some soldiers in Stockman, massacred more
than fifty Aboriginal people at Waterloo Creek. The Warray of
Roy people had suffered many losses as a result of
(01:46):
the conflict between Aboriginal people and Europeans. Fleeing frontier violence,
they decided to camp on Henry Dangar's property at Mile
Creek Station, which was near present day Bingara. The Worray
of Roy assisted Stockman in an exchange were protected from violence,
but on June normal operations at the station were interrupted
(02:08):
when the group of convicts, ex convicts and the colonists
led by John Fleming, showed up with weapons. Stockman George
Anderson and Charles Killmeister, as well as two Aboriginal men,
were attending the station. About thirty Aboriginal people fled to
the stockmen's huts, while two boys escaped by jumping into
(02:29):
a creek. The attackers tied up the Wearray of Why
people and took them from their campsite, though several women
and girls were separated from the group and taken elsewhere.
Kill Meister joined the attackers while Anderson attempted to help
an Aboriginal girl and woman. The wray of why people
were taken to a stockyard and killed and their bodies
(02:51):
were dismembered and burned. People who committed massacres of Aboriginal
people were rarely punished. In fact, many colonists thought that
Europeans should not be punished for killing Aboriginal people, but
the proceedings that would follow the Mile Creek massacre sent
a judicial precedent. Station manager William Hobbs, police superintendent Thomas Foster,
(03:15):
and colonists Frederick Foote reported the massacre, and Governor and
George Gibbs sent police Magistrate Edward Denny Day to investigate
the crime. After taking depositions from nineteen witnesses, Day arrested
eleven of the twelve people who had committed the massacre.
The free colonist John Fleming managed to get away the convicts,
(03:38):
and ex convicts who had perpetrated the murders were sent
to Sydney for trial. The first trial began on November
thirty eight at the New South Wales Supreme Court. It
was presided over by Chief Justice Sir James Dowling and
there were twelve colonists on the jury. The Aboriginal man
named yante in Ten, who witnessed the killings, could not
(04:00):
testify in court because he was not Christian, so he
could not swear to his evidence. In the end, the
jury found the eleven defendants not guilty of committing murder
at Mile Creek, but Attorney General John Plunkett was not
satisfied with that verdict, so they went to a second trial.
Plunkett split up the defendants, hoping they would tell in
(04:22):
each other. Seven of the defendants were tried by Judge
William Burton. They were found guilty and they were hanged
in December at the George Street Jail. The remaining four
defendants were set to go to trial as well, this
time with Yenta Yanten as an eyewitness as he had
been introduced to Christianity. But yanta Inten was never seen
(04:44):
again and the rest of the murderers walked free. After
the trials, Colonists expressed more anger at the executions of
the Europeans than the killings of the Aboriginal people, and
they continued to massacre Aboriginal pe bowl, though the people
who committed the murders did not publicize them as proudly
(05:04):
and took measures to cover them up. Even though there
was a reward for Flomming's capture, he was able to
reintegrate into society and never faced trial. One of the
people who committed the massacre and got off free died
by suicide, and William Hobbs, who reported the crime, lost
his job with Dangar. Today there's a memorial site in
(05:27):
service at Mile Creek. I'm Eve Jefco and hopefully you
know a little more about history today than you did yesterday.
But if you still don't know enough, you can listen
to another show I host called Unpopular. Un Popular is
a podcast about people in history who challenged the status
quo and we're sometimes persecuted for it. You can listen
(05:49):
anywhere you get This Day in History Class. You can
follow us on Twitter, Instagram and Facebook at t d
i HC podcast. Thanks again for listening and we'll see
you tomorrow. Hello everyone, I'm Eves and welcome to This
(06:18):
Day in History Class, a podcast that packages history into tiny,
bite sized pieces. The day was June tenth, nineteen eighty.
The African National Congress published a message that anti apartheid
leader Nelson Mandela wrote in response to the Solueto uprising
(06:40):
in nineteen seventy six. At the time, Mandela was imprisoned.
In ninety eight, the National Party came to power in
South Africa and began implementing the policy of apartheid. At
the time, racial segregation already existed in the country and
the white minority held political power. Those segregation had long
(07:02):
been in practice. Apartheid extended the policy. It dictated where
people could live and work based on race. The Population
Registration Act required people to be classified and registered as black, white, colored,
or other Past laws reinforced the ideology of white supremacy
by controlling the movement of black South Africans. Plenty of
(07:24):
other apartheid laws were passed that enforced the country system
of racial segregation and disadvantaged the majority black population. Nelson
Mandela was a key figure in the anti apartheid movement.
In the early nineteen forties, Mandela joined the African National
Congress or a n C, a political party that became
(07:45):
dedicated to ending apartheid. Once the National Party came to power.
In the decades after apartheid became official government policy, resistance
to the system sprang up across South Africa. The A
and C was heavily involved in the fight against apartheid,
and Mandela emerged as a leader in the A n C.
(08:05):
In June of nineteen seventy six, black students in Sluedo
Township led protests in response to the government mandating the
use of Afrikaans as a medium of instruction and schools.
Afrikaans was a language of the white minority. As thousands
of students marched in the demonstrations, the police responded by
shooting at the children. Many children were killed in the
(08:28):
Siluayedo Uprising spread across the country. At the time of
the Siluedo uprising, Nelson Mandela was in prison serving a
life term after being convicted of sabotage in the Ravonia
trial in nineteen sixty four. During his time in prison,
Mandela continued to write and support the anti apartheid movement,
(08:49):
and people helped him smuggle his writing out of Robin
Island prison. One of the messages he wrote from Robin
Island was in response to the Siluedo uprising. On June tenth,
nineteen eighty, the a n C published this message, stating
that it took more than two years to reach them.
It included an introduction by Oliver Tombo, who was President
(09:10):
of the African National Congress. The introduction acknowledged the importance
of Mandela's quote called to unity and mass action, especially
since nineteen eighty marked the twenty five anniversary of the
Freedom Charter, a document ratified in nineteen fifty five that
demanded equal rights for all South Africans. In the introduction,
the a n C urged readers to quote, make nineteen
(09:32):
eighty a year of united mass struggle. In the message,
Mandela laid out how quote white domination is held in
check by force of arms, and how apartheid was opposed
by many people. He also called for black unity and
said that quote victory is certain. Near the end of
the message, he wrote the following, Unite, mobilized. Fight on
(09:56):
between the anvil of united mass action and the hammer
of the armed struggle, we shall crush apartheid in white
minority racist rule. Mandela was released from prison a decade later.
In negotiations to end apartheid soon began, and Mandela became
President of South Africa in n I'm each Jeffcote and
(10:19):
hopefully you know a little more about history today than
you did yesterday. And if you have any comments our suggestions,
you can hit us up on social media. We're at
t D I h C Podcast. You can also send
us an email. We're at This Day at I heeart
media dot com. Thanks again for listening to the show
and we'll see you tomorrow. M For more podcasts for
(10:51):
my Heart Radio, visit the i Heart Radio app, Apple Podcasts,
or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.
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