On this day in 1963, Soviet cosmonaut Valentina Tereshkova became the first woman to fly into space. / On this day in 1858, Abraham Lincoln gave his "House Divided" speech in Springfield, Illinois, during his run for U.S. senator.
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Speaker 1 (00:00):
Hey, y'all, Eve's here. We're doubling up today with two
events in history. On with the show. Hi, I'm Eves,
and welcome to this Day in History Class, a show
that uncovers history one day at a time. The day
(00:21):
was June nineteen sixty three. Soviet cosmonaut Valentina Vladimirovna taresh
Kava became the first woman to go into space when
she left Earth in the spacecraft Vostok six. Valentina was
born in Maslenicava, a village near the Volga River not
far from Moscow. Her father was a tractor driver and
(00:44):
a soldier before he died in the Winter War when
Tarashkava was two years old. Her mother worked on a
textile assembly line in a cotton mill. When she was
a teenager, Valentina left school and started working in the
textile mill too, but she also had a love for skydiving.
She joined an amateur parachuting club, and she soon became
(01:06):
interested in flying. Valentina was also part of the Communist Party.
An offshoot of the Cold War, The Space Race was
a battle between the US and the Soviet Union over
space exploration and technological advancement by nineteen sixty one. The
Soviet Union had already sent the first person into space
(01:27):
when yudiagagd In orbited Earth on April twelve, but the
space race continued throughout the nineteen sixties. When teresh Gaba
was twenty four years old, she applied to become a cosmonaut.
Though she had no pilot training, the Soviet Union had
been considering sending a woman into space, and Valentina's modest
(01:47):
background plus her experience in parachuting made her an ideal
candidate for the cosmonaut program, and Soviet propaganda and bragging
rights at beating the US to the punch. Jurdigagaden oversaw
the selection process for women cosmonauts, which began in mid
nineteen sixty one. Out of hundreds of women who were
(02:08):
chosen to be screened for the position, Valentina was one
of five women who were chosen to train as cosmonauts
in nineteen sixty two. The candidates went through months of
training for space flight, including classroom study as well as
testing of their ability to be alone for a while,
their ability to withstand extreme gravity and weightlessness conditions, and
(02:30):
their competence and parachute jumps. The program was kept under
wraps from the public. All of the candidates were commissioned
as second lieutenants in the Soviet Air Force, but after
eighteen months of testing, Tereshkaba became chief pilot of the
Vostok six. She would be the only woman to go
into space. The space flight would be a dual mission.
(02:52):
Cosmonaut Valeri Vakovski launched on Vostok five on June fourteenth,
nineteen sixty three. Valentine to launched on Vostok six two
days later. She flew with the call sign Chaika, meaning seagull.
Tarash Kava reported in the porthole in the outer ring,
the horizon is visible. It's a very beautiful sight. At first,
(03:15):
it's light blue than lighter than dark. She also sent
greetings to Soviet women and women of the world from
the Vostok six. In the next seventy hours and fifty minutes,
Valentina completed forty eight orbits of Earth on the trip.
By Kopski and Tareshkava's spacecrafts came within three miles or
(03:36):
five kilometers of each other. She performed tests on plants
and animals, and she gathered data about her body and
the spacecraft while on board. On June ninet, she ejected
from her capsule and parachuted back to Earth, landing near Karaganda, Kazakhstan.
It was later revealed that an error in navigation software
(03:57):
caused the spacecraft to move away from Earth, but tear
Shkava and Soviet scientists were able to fix the issue
to give her a safe, if bumpy landing. Upon her
return to Earth, she traveled around the world as a
good will ambassador. She received a number of honors, including
the Order of Linen and the United Nations Gold Medal
(04:17):
of Peace. She never flew in space again, and the
cosmonaut program for women was shut down in nineteen sixty nine.
Tarashkava went on to marry and divorce another cosmonaut, Andrea NIKOLAIAV,
with whom she had a daughter. She graduated from the
Zukovski Air Force Academy and earned a doctorate in engineering.
(04:39):
Taras Kava became a test pilot and instructor and got
a doctorate in technical sciences. She also became a member
in the U s s R. Supreme Soviet, which was
the national parliament and the Presidium, a body within the
Supreme Soviets. She also served on the Soviet Women's Committee.
The next woman who flew in space was Cosmo us
(05:00):
fed Lana Savetskaya, who did so in nine two. It
wasn't until the next year when Sally Ride became the
first American woman to fly in space. I'm each Deacote
and hopefully you know a little more about history today
than you did yesterday. But if you want to learn
even more, you can listen to a new podcast I
(05:20):
host called Unpopular. Um Popular is about people in history
who challenge the status quo and we're often persecuted for it.
You can listen anywhere. You listen to this Day in
History Class. You can find us on Twitter, Instagram, and
Facebook at t d i h C podcast. Thanks again
(05:42):
for being here and we'll see you tomorrow. Hey, y'all,
I'm Eves and welcome to the Stand History Class, a
podcast that brings you a new tipit of history every day.
(06:02):
The day was June sixteenth, eighteen fifty eight. Lawyer and
politician Abraham Lincoln began his campaign for Illinois Senator. Was
a speech now known as the House Divided Speech. The
Kansas Nebraska Act, passed by US Congress in eighteen fifty four,
effectively ended the Missouri Compromise and let each territory decide
(06:23):
whether they would allow slavery on the basis of popular sovereignty.
Senator Stephen A. Douglas of Illinois drafted the Act, which
ignited tensions and violence over slavery. The Act split the
Whig Party, since all Northern Whigs had opposed the bill,
in most Southern Whigs and some Northern Democrats supported it.
(06:43):
Most Southern Whigs went to the Democratic Party, and the
withdrawal of Northern Whigs led to the formation of the
Republican Party. When the Kansas Nebraska Act was passed, Abraham
Lincoln was working as a lawyer and had previously been
a member of the U. S House of Representatives. Lincoln
was opposed to the Kansas Nebraska Act, as he made
clear in his Prioria speech in October of eighteen fifty four.
(07:07):
In it, he criticized popular sovereignty and slavery. He said
that the Act had a quote declared indifference, but a
quote covert real zeal for the spread of slavery. He
said that he hated this indifference quote because of the
monstrous injustice of slavery itself. I hate it because it
deprives our Republican example of its just influence in the world.
(07:30):
Lincoln opposed the expansion of slavery, but he was not
an abolitionist. He opposed slavery on moral, legal, and economic grounds.
So early on he wasn't interested in joining the anti
slavery Republican Party, but in eighteen fifty six Lincoln joined
the party. He continued to oppose the expansion of slavery
as an institution that was at odds with the Declaration
(07:53):
of Independence and the idea that all men are created equal.
When Stephen Douglas was up for reelection in the U. S.
Senate in eighteen fifty eight, the Republican Party nominated Lincoln
to run against him. Lincoln began his campaign with a
speech in Springfield, Illinois, on June. He said the following
In the speech, A house divided against itself cannot stand.
(08:16):
I believe this government cannot endure permanently, half slave and
half free. I do not expect the Union to be dissolved.
I do not expect the house to fall, but I
do expect it will cease to be divided. It will
become all one thing or all the other. Lincoln went
on to say that people who opposed slavery would keep
(08:37):
it from spreading further, or people who supported slavery would
push it forward until it became law in all the states.
While Douglas believed that using popular sovereignty to decide on
slavery would prevent conflict, Lincoln believed that the eighteen fifty
seven Supreme Court decision and dred Scott versus Stanford guaranteed
the expansion of slavery. The speech gave Douglas a lot
(08:59):
of fuel for his and pain. People feared that Lincoln
was prophesying a civil war. Lincoln and Douglas went on
to engage in a series of debates that were widely
covered by the press, and slavery was a major point
of discussion in these debates, But senators were elected by
vote of the state legislature, and the legislators chose to
re elect Douglas. Regardless, Lincoln got a lot of national
(09:23):
attention during his run. He won the Republican presidential nomination
and was elected president in November of eighteen sixty. The
next month, South Carolina became the first state to declare
its secession from the Union. I'm eve, Jeff Coote and
hopefully you know a little more about history today than
you did yesterday. And if you have any comments our suggestions,
(09:45):
you can send them to us via email where at
this day at I Heard Media dot com. You can
also hit us up on social media where at t
D I h C podcast. Thanks so much for listening
to the show and we'll see you tomorrow. Yeah. For
(10:10):
more podcasts from My Heart Radio, visit the I Heart
Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to your
favorite shows.
Hey, y'all, Eve's here. We're doubling up today with two
events in history. On with the show. Hi, I'm Eves,
and welcome to this Day in History Class, a show
that uncovers history one day at a time. The day
(00:21):
was June nineteen sixty three. Soviet cosmonaut Valentina Vladimirovna taresh
Kava became the first woman to go into space when
she left Earth in the spacecraft Vostok six. Valentina was
born in Maslenicava, a village near the Volga River not
far from Moscow. Her father was a tractor driver and
(00:44):
a soldier before he died in the Winter War when
Tarashkava was two years old. Her mother worked on a
textile assembly line in a cotton mill. When she was
a teenager, Valentina left school and started working in the
textile mill too, but she also had a love for skydiving.
She joined an amateur parachuting club, and she soon became
(01:06):
interested in flying. Valentina was also part of the Communist Party.
An offshoot of the Cold War, The Space Race was
a battle between the US and the Soviet Union over
space exploration and technological advancement by nineteen sixty one. The
Soviet Union had already sent the first person into space
(01:27):
when yudiagagd In orbited Earth on April twelve, but the
space race continued throughout the nineteen sixties. When teresh Gaba
was twenty four years old, she applied to become a cosmonaut.
Though she had no pilot training, the Soviet Union had
been considering sending a woman into space, and Valentina's modest
(01:47):
background plus her experience in parachuting made her an ideal
candidate for the cosmonaut program, and Soviet propaganda and bragging
rights at beating the US to the punch. Jurdigagaden oversaw
the selection process for women cosmonauts, which began in mid
nineteen sixty one. Out of hundreds of women who were
(02:08):
chosen to be screened for the position, Valentina was one
of five women who were chosen to train as cosmonauts
in nineteen sixty two. The candidates went through months of
training for space flight, including classroom study as well as
testing of their ability to be alone for a while,
their ability to withstand extreme gravity and weightlessness conditions, and
(02:30):
their competence and parachute jumps. The program was kept under
wraps from the public. All of the candidates were commissioned
as second lieutenants in the Soviet Air Force, but after
eighteen months of testing, Tereshkaba became chief pilot of the
Vostok six. She would be the only woman to go
into space. The space flight would be a dual mission.
(02:52):
Cosmonaut Valeri Vakovski launched on Vostok five on June fourteenth,
nineteen sixty three. Valentine to launched on Vostok six two
days later. She flew with the call sign Chaika, meaning seagull.
Tarash Kava reported in the porthole in the outer ring,
the horizon is visible. It's a very beautiful sight. At first,
(03:15):
it's light blue than lighter than dark. She also sent
greetings to Soviet women and women of the world from
the Vostok six. In the next seventy hours and fifty minutes,
Valentina completed forty eight orbits of Earth on the trip.
By Kopski and Tareshkava's spacecrafts came within three miles or
(03:36):
five kilometers of each other. She performed tests on plants
and animals, and she gathered data about her body and
the spacecraft while on board. On June ninet, she ejected
from her capsule and parachuted back to Earth, landing near Karaganda, Kazakhstan.
It was later revealed that an error in navigation software
(03:57):
caused the spacecraft to move away from Earth, but tear
Shkava and Soviet scientists were able to fix the issue
to give her a safe, if bumpy landing. Upon her
return to Earth, she traveled around the world as a
good will ambassador. She received a number of honors, including
the Order of Linen and the United Nations Gold Medal
(04:17):
of Peace. She never flew in space again, and the
cosmonaut program for women was shut down in nineteen sixty nine.
Tarashkava went on to marry and divorce another cosmonaut, Andrea NIKOLAIAV,
with whom she had a daughter. She graduated from the
Zukovski Air Force Academy and earned a doctorate in engineering.
(04:39):
Taras Kava became a test pilot and instructor and got
a doctorate in technical sciences. She also became a member
in the U s s R. Supreme Soviet, which was
the national parliament and the Presidium, a body within the
Supreme Soviets. She also served on the Soviet Women's Committee.
The next woman who flew in space was Cosmo us
(05:00):
fed Lana Savetskaya, who did so in nine two. It
wasn't until the next year when Sally Ride became the
first American woman to fly in space. I'm each Deacote
and hopefully you know a little more about history today
than you did yesterday. But if you want to learn
even more, you can listen to a new podcast I
(05:20):
host called Unpopular. Um Popular is about people in history
who challenge the status quo and we're often persecuted for it.
You can listen anywhere. You listen to this Day in
History Class. You can find us on Twitter, Instagram, and
Facebook at t d i h C podcast. Thanks again
(05:42):
for being here and we'll see you tomorrow. Hey, y'all,
I'm Eves and welcome to the Stand History Class, a
podcast that brings you a new tipit of history every day.
(06:02):
The day was June sixteenth, eighteen fifty eight. Lawyer and
politician Abraham Lincoln began his campaign for Illinois Senator. Was
a speech now known as the House Divided Speech. The
Kansas Nebraska Act, passed by US Congress in eighteen fifty four,
effectively ended the Missouri Compromise and let each territory decide
(06:23):
whether they would allow slavery on the basis of popular sovereignty.
Senator Stephen A. Douglas of Illinois drafted the Act, which
ignited tensions and violence over slavery. The Act split the
Whig Party, since all Northern Whigs had opposed the bill,
in most Southern Whigs and some Northern Democrats supported it.
(06:43):
Most Southern Whigs went to the Democratic Party, and the
withdrawal of Northern Whigs led to the formation of the
Republican Party. When the Kansas Nebraska Act was passed, Abraham
Lincoln was working as a lawyer and had previously been
a member of the U. S House of Representatives. Lincoln
was opposed to the Kansas Nebraska Act, as he made
clear in his Prioria speech in October of eighteen fifty four.
(07:07):
In it, he criticized popular sovereignty and slavery. He said
that the Act had a quote declared indifference, but a
quote covert real zeal for the spread of slavery. He
said that he hated this indifference quote because of the
monstrous injustice of slavery itself. I hate it because it
deprives our Republican example of its just influence in the world.
(07:30):
Lincoln opposed the expansion of slavery, but he was not
an abolitionist. He opposed slavery on moral, legal, and economic grounds.
So early on he wasn't interested in joining the anti
slavery Republican Party, but in eighteen fifty six Lincoln joined
the party. He continued to oppose the expansion of slavery
as an institution that was at odds with the Declaration
(07:53):
of Independence and the idea that all men are created equal.
When Stephen Douglas was up for reelection in the U. S.
Senate in eighteen fifty eight, the Republican Party nominated Lincoln
to run against him. Lincoln began his campaign with a
speech in Springfield, Illinois, on June. He said the following
In the speech, A house divided against itself cannot stand.
(08:16):
I believe this government cannot endure permanently, half slave and
half free. I do not expect the Union to be dissolved.
I do not expect the house to fall, but I
do expect it will cease to be divided. It will
become all one thing or all the other. Lincoln went
on to say that people who opposed slavery would keep
(08:37):
it from spreading further, or people who supported slavery would
push it forward until it became law in all the states.
While Douglas believed that using popular sovereignty to decide on
slavery would prevent conflict, Lincoln believed that the eighteen fifty
seven Supreme Court decision and dred Scott versus Stanford guaranteed
the expansion of slavery. The speech gave Douglas a lot
(08:59):
of fuel for his and pain. People feared that Lincoln
was prophesying a civil war. Lincoln and Douglas went on
to engage in a series of debates that were widely
covered by the press, and slavery was a major point
of discussion in these debates, But senators were elected by
vote of the state legislature, and the legislators chose to
re elect Douglas. Regardless, Lincoln got a lot of national
(09:23):
attention during his run. He won the Republican presidential nomination
and was elected president in November of eighteen sixty. The
next month, South Carolina became the first state to declare
its secession from the Union. I'm eve, Jeff Coote and
hopefully you know a little more about history today than
you did yesterday. And if you have any comments our suggestions,
(09:45):
you can send them to us via email where at
this day at I Heard Media dot com. You can
also hit us up on social media where at t
D I h C podcast. Thanks so much for listening
to the show and we'll see you tomorrow. Yeah. For
(10:10):
more podcasts from My Heart Radio, visit the I Heart
Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to your
favorite shows.
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