February 21, 2018 • 13 mins
George Noory and famed theoretical physicist Michio Kaku discuss his ideas on how human civilization will evolve to settle on Mars and explore the rest of the universe.
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Speaker 1 (00:00):
Thanks for listening to the best to Coast to Coast podcast.
If you want to hear more than just this highlight
from the program, become a Coast Insider and you can
listen to the full episode, plus recent shows covering the
mysterious death of Kurt Kobain. The possibility that government may
soon reveal the truth about UFOs and the power of
witchcraft is told by an actual practicing which start listening
(00:21):
now by heading over to Coast to Coast a m
dot com at signing up for Coast Insider. Now here's
a highlight from Coast to Coast AM on iHeart Radio
and welcome back to Coast to Coast. We're here with
Professor mitchiu Cuckoo. But you how long will it take
to terra form Mars? And do we need to have
a terraform before we really can go there and settle Well,
(00:43):
first we want to get an outpost on Mars. We're
gonna probably use lava tube that already exists, ready made,
ready made caves on Mars. Uh. Then we're gonna have,
of course, the solar panels displayed to gain to gain energy.
We're gonna start where the mining operation to mind the
ice ice can be purified for drinking water, separated out
(01:07):
for oxygen for breathing, and then hydrogen for rocket fuel.
And then after that agriculture will get started on Mars uh.
And we'll do that with genetically modified algae and plants
that can thrive thrive in the harsh environment of Mars.
So once we have an agriculture set up, we're gonna
set up farms, and so we'll have a self sustaining
(01:28):
settlement without having to have the apron strings tied to
the Earth. Will have a self sufficient settlement on on
planet Mars, not the terraform Mars. That is, to turn
Mars into a garden of Eden. That will require technology
of the next century. When we have solar satellites, satellites
that beam light energy down to the ice caps and
(01:51):
melt the ice caps. There's plenty of water on Mars,
except the water is frozen. By having these satellites beam
energy down to the polar ice cap, so we can
let liquid water flow freely in the river beds and
ocean beds of Mars. Mars once upon a time had
an ocean as big as the United States of America.
(02:12):
That's how big that ocean was, but it's all gone.
Now we can we can reclaim it by beginning to
heat up the north pole and the South pole to
create a greenhouse effect, to to let water flow freely
on the surface of Mars after billions of years. So
it's a long process, but we've got to start somewhere.
How exciting just to think of the prospects of doing that. Yeah,
(02:36):
and this is with doable technology. We're not talking about
pine in the sky anymore. Us. As I mentioned, Hollywood
films are more expensive than actually going to Mars. Incredible.
They had to give an oscar for the best supporting
space probe because missions to Mars cost less than a
hundred million, but Hollywood moves more than a hundred million.
(03:00):
So we're at the point now where you know, China,
Um India a lot of players also want to put
their stamping out of space as well. That's how cheap
things have come. There's a Russian astrophysicist is gonna be
eighty six and April. You know him well, Nikolai kadash Of,
And he came up with the type one to three civilizations.
(03:22):
Now people are talking about four and five. Does it
go out that far? Well, in principle, yes, we have
in the galaxy. We have, of course planets, stars and galaxies. However,
is there something that is extra galactic? So type one
would correspond to a planetary civilization, that type two would
(03:44):
correspond to a stellar civilization like Star Trek, and then
the type three would be galactic like Star Wars. And
what could be extra galactic? Well, if you think about
it on Star Trek, we have the cue the you
is extra galactic. That is, they play with galaxies. They
(04:04):
are outside the Milky Way galaxy. And so yeah, in principle,
there could be a type four which would be extra galactic.
And what kind of energy would they use? They would
use dark energy, the energy of nothing. The energy is
a vacuum, the energy is a big bang. The energy
that is pushing the galaxies apart is the expanding universe.
(04:26):
And so yes, there is an energy supply even greater
than the energy supply of a galaxy or a black hole,
and that is dark energy, which by the way, makes
up seventy of the matter energy content of the entire universe.
So we by the way, hydrogen, helium and the higher
(04:46):
elements we make about four percent, about four percent of
the matter energy of the universe. Dark energy, which could
be the energy of a type for civilization, would comprise
seventy of the energy and matter of the universe. And
you say we're a Type one zero right now? Yeah,
we're fragmented. We have fundamentalists, we have nations, we have
(05:08):
all sorts of chaos. We're Type zero. Were we just
came out of the swamp a few hundred years ago?
But you know, we're about a hundred years away from
Type one. For example, what is the Internet? The Internet
is the beginning of the first Type one technology. Okay,
we are privileged to be alive to witness the birth
of the first Type one technology, a planetary technology called
(05:32):
the Internet. Generally, what are the stages of time between
the types? Like between one and two hundred years, five
hundred years? How long do you think it would take
on an exponential scale? So if you go to my
book I give I actually give you the formula, you
get the scales. Now, Okay, so we are about a
hundred years being away from Type one. And you can
(05:53):
see that like a Type one language is being born
right before our eyes on the Internet. English and Mandarin
shine needs are the two most popular languages on the Internet.
We're seeing the beginning of a Type one sports the Olympics,
um soccer, beginning of type one sports. We're seeing the
beginning of a Type one music, youth music, youth culture,
(06:14):
rock and roll rap. We're seeing the beginning of a
Type one high fashion with Chanel. So when you go
around the Earth, you begin to realize that we are
seeing the beginnings of a Type one culture right before
our eyes. Just amazing technology to be able to get
to these different stages. If you're right at the end,
let's say a civilization level of four or five, how
(06:37):
far have you progressed? Oh well yeah, take a look
at it this way. By the time you're type one,
you can play with planets. Type two you can ignite
stars like they do in Star Trek. They actually ignite
stars on Star Trek. Type three is you roam the
galactic space lanes and black holes. You can use black
(06:57):
holes as gateways, you can use black hole says power supplies,
and if you're type four, you can go between galaxies.
I mean, think about that. So we're talking about an
unimaginable amount of energy on that scale. Now, of course
we've looked for these things too. Okay, we physit this.
Don't just simply pontificate about this. We look for them.
(07:18):
We've looked for type one in our area and so
far we see nothing, which has led some people to
believe that even Type ones could be a little bit unstable.
Perhaps they blew themselves up or or we had global
warring takeover. But Type two is immortal. Nothing known to
science can destroy a type to civilization. Uh. Meteors can
(07:40):
be deflected, asteroids can be destroyed. You can even move
the planet Earth. Uh. A Type two civilization could escape
it when their mother start explodes and because supernova. So
a Type two is immortal, and therefore we look for
them very seriously. We have looked at satellite data. So
far we've had a few interesting candidates, but right now
(08:03):
nothing conclusive. But we are looking for type two and
out of space. Might there be type three and four
and five's out there? Oh definitely. I mean, if if
a civilization could reach the Earth from thousands of light years, uh,
that means that yeah there there two are more more
than likely Type three civilization, but that time they are galactic.
(08:24):
And then their power source is the plant energy. The
plant energy is the energy of space, time itself. The
plant energy is tended the nineteen billion electron bolts that
is a quadrillion times more powerful than the large hadron collider.
It is the energy of a black hole. It is
the energy of the Big Bang. So by the time
(08:45):
you're type three, you may be it may be possible
to drill a hole in space and time a wormhole.
A wormholee was first introduced by Einstein himself in ninety
five as a gateway, as a passageway, so as matter
falls into a black coal is blown out the other
end as a white hole. So this is still a theory.
We've looked for white holes. We haven't found any. But
(09:08):
some people even think that the Big Bang could be
a white hole, that matter falls into this singularity and
blows out the other end as a white hole, which
is a big bang. Which is what I need to
ask you, because I just still don't get it, Mitchio.
The big Bang something banging from nothing. How can that be? Well,
(09:31):
we don't know for sure, but Einstein gives us this
picture that the universe is a bubble of some sort.
We live on the skin of the bubble and the
bubble is expanding. That's called the Big Bang theory. But
now we are going beyond Einstein into something called string theory,
which is what I do for a living, and a
string theory, there are other bubbles out there, other bubbles,
(09:54):
and sometimes these bubbles bump into each other to create
a bigger bubble. Sometimes they fishion and peel off baby bubbles,
and that's called the big Bang. So the Big Bang
is nothing but the collision of universes or the peeping
off of baby universes, and that happens all the time.
So we're talking about eternal creation of universes, and believe
(10:17):
it or not, this fits the data. We're just not
b essing and you know, trying to impress ourselves at
the dinner table. We have data. The data fits this
basic picture that there is a multiverse of universes out there.
And then, of course a lot of people come up
to me and say, professor, does that mean that Elvis
Presley is still alive in one of these parallel universes. Well,
(10:41):
it can't be ruled out. It can't be ruled out,
which is amazing possibility. Do we have doppel gangers out there?
Images of ourselves? Well, first of all, I think just
in the next few years we will find a doppel
gang in out of space circling another star. We have
found a twenty super earths, that is, planets going around
(11:03):
stars that are maybe percent bigger than the Earth. It's
only a matter of time, just a few years before
we find a doppelganger of the Earth. So at night,
when you look at the night sky, realize that on average,
every single star you see at night has a planet
going around it. Let me repeat that, at night, on average,
(11:28):
every single star you see at night has a planet
going around it, mainly a Jupiter sized planet, but about
one in twenty have Earth sized planets. This means that
in the galaxy, or a backyard, the Milky Way galaxy,
there are probably several billions, several billion Earth like planets
(11:48):
just in our own backyard. I mean, this boggles the imagination,
but that's what science tells us. We've identified these planets,
were cataloging that. We have encyclopedias now exyculopedias of these planets,
and by Gali, a handful of them looked just like
the Earth. Mitchell, tell me your thoughts about extraterrestrial life.
(12:10):
Do you think we and have we been visited? Well, first,
of all, I think they're out there. I mean to
believe that we're the only game in town, that there
are a billion or so earthlike planets in the galaxy
and we're the only ones with intelligent life. I mean,
come on, give me a break, right now. Many of
(12:31):
these planets probably have microbial life, that is, bacteria type
microorganisms in an ocean. Okay, but some of them, some
of them, a fraction of them probably have organisms like fish,
and maybe the fish evolved into intelligent beings. It simply
cannot be rolled out anymore. And so there used to
(12:51):
be something called the giggle factor. That is, when a
scientist we hear somebody talk about aliens from out of space,
you know, scientists would giggle and they're eyes would roll
up into the heavens and they would just let out
a sigh. Well, those days are gone. They're gone because
in our leading institutions we have exo biologists. We have
(13:12):
scientists who created a new field of science called exobiology,
where they look at the biology of alien life in
outer space. What might they look like, how might they evolve,
what happens if we encounter them? All these questions are
being asked to scientific conferences, not UFO conferences, but in
scientific conferences. Yeah, we scientists ask these questions now. It's amazing,
(13:36):
amazing work. Listen to more Coast to Coast a m.
Every weeknight at one a m. Eastern and go to
Coast to Coast am dot com for more
Thanks for listening to the best to Coast to Coast podcast.
If you want to hear more than just this highlight
from the program, become a Coast Insider and you can
listen to the full episode, plus recent shows covering the
mysterious death of Kurt Kobain. The possibility that government may
soon reveal the truth about UFOs and the power of
witchcraft is told by an actual practicing which start listening
(00:21):
now by heading over to Coast to Coast a m
dot com at signing up for Coast Insider. Now here's
a highlight from Coast to Coast AM on iHeart Radio
and welcome back to Coast to Coast. We're here with
Professor mitchiu Cuckoo. But you how long will it take
to terra form Mars? And do we need to have
a terraform before we really can go there and settle Well,
(00:43):
first we want to get an outpost on Mars. We're
gonna probably use lava tube that already exists, ready made,
ready made caves on Mars. Uh. Then we're gonna have,
of course, the solar panels displayed to gain to gain energy.
We're gonna start where the mining operation to mind the
ice ice can be purified for drinking water, separated out
(01:07):
for oxygen for breathing, and then hydrogen for rocket fuel.
And then after that agriculture will get started on Mars uh.
And we'll do that with genetically modified algae and plants
that can thrive thrive in the harsh environment of Mars.
So once we have an agriculture set up, we're gonna
set up farms, and so we'll have a self sustaining
(01:28):
settlement without having to have the apron strings tied to
the Earth. Will have a self sufficient settlement on on
planet Mars, not the terraform Mars. That is, to turn
Mars into a garden of Eden. That will require technology
of the next century. When we have solar satellites, satellites
that beam light energy down to the ice caps and
(01:51):
melt the ice caps. There's plenty of water on Mars,
except the water is frozen. By having these satellites beam
energy down to the polar ice cap, so we can
let liquid water flow freely in the river beds and
ocean beds of Mars. Mars once upon a time had
an ocean as big as the United States of America.
(02:12):
That's how big that ocean was, but it's all gone.
Now we can we can reclaim it by beginning to
heat up the north pole and the South pole to
create a greenhouse effect, to to let water flow freely
on the surface of Mars after billions of years. So
it's a long process, but we've got to start somewhere.
How exciting just to think of the prospects of doing that. Yeah,
(02:36):
and this is with doable technology. We're not talking about
pine in the sky anymore. Us. As I mentioned, Hollywood
films are more expensive than actually going to Mars. Incredible.
They had to give an oscar for the best supporting
space probe because missions to Mars cost less than a
hundred million, but Hollywood moves more than a hundred million.
(03:00):
So we're at the point now where you know, China,
Um India a lot of players also want to put
their stamping out of space as well. That's how cheap
things have come. There's a Russian astrophysicist is gonna be
eighty six and April. You know him well, Nikolai kadash Of,
And he came up with the type one to three civilizations.
(03:22):
Now people are talking about four and five. Does it
go out that far? Well, in principle, yes, we have
in the galaxy. We have, of course planets, stars and galaxies. However,
is there something that is extra galactic? So type one
would correspond to a planetary civilization, that type two would
(03:44):
correspond to a stellar civilization like Star Trek, and then
the type three would be galactic like Star Wars. And
what could be extra galactic? Well, if you think about
it on Star Trek, we have the cue the you
is extra galactic. That is, they play with galaxies. They
(04:04):
are outside the Milky Way galaxy. And so yeah, in principle,
there could be a type four which would be extra galactic.
And what kind of energy would they use? They would
use dark energy, the energy of nothing. The energy is
a vacuum, the energy is a big bang. The energy
that is pushing the galaxies apart is the expanding universe.
(04:26):
And so yes, there is an energy supply even greater
than the energy supply of a galaxy or a black hole,
and that is dark energy, which by the way, makes
up seventy of the matter energy content of the entire universe.
So we by the way, hydrogen, helium and the higher
(04:46):
elements we make about four percent, about four percent of
the matter energy of the universe. Dark energy, which could
be the energy of a type for civilization, would comprise
seventy of the energy and matter of the universe. And
you say we're a Type one zero right now? Yeah,
we're fragmented. We have fundamentalists, we have nations, we have
(05:08):
all sorts of chaos. We're Type zero. Were we just
came out of the swamp a few hundred years ago?
But you know, we're about a hundred years away from
Type one. For example, what is the Internet? The Internet
is the beginning of the first Type one technology. Okay,
we are privileged to be alive to witness the birth
of the first Type one technology, a planetary technology called
(05:32):
the Internet. Generally, what are the stages of time between
the types? Like between one and two hundred years, five
hundred years? How long do you think it would take
on an exponential scale? So if you go to my
book I give I actually give you the formula, you
get the scales. Now, Okay, so we are about a
hundred years being away from Type one. And you can
(05:53):
see that like a Type one language is being born
right before our eyes on the Internet. English and Mandarin
shine needs are the two most popular languages on the Internet.
We're seeing the beginning of a Type one sports the Olympics,
um soccer, beginning of type one sports. We're seeing the
beginning of a Type one music, youth music, youth culture,
(06:14):
rock and roll rap. We're seeing the beginning of a
Type one high fashion with Chanel. So when you go
around the Earth, you begin to realize that we are
seeing the beginnings of a Type one culture right before
our eyes. Just amazing technology to be able to get
to these different stages. If you're right at the end,
let's say a civilization level of four or five, how
(06:37):
far have you progressed? Oh well yeah, take a look
at it this way. By the time you're type one,
you can play with planets. Type two you can ignite
stars like they do in Star Trek. They actually ignite
stars on Star Trek. Type three is you roam the
galactic space lanes and black holes. You can use black
(06:57):
holes as gateways, you can use black hole says power supplies,
and if you're type four, you can go between galaxies.
I mean, think about that. So we're talking about an
unimaginable amount of energy on that scale. Now, of course
we've looked for these things too. Okay, we physit this.
Don't just simply pontificate about this. We look for them.
(07:18):
We've looked for type one in our area and so
far we see nothing, which has led some people to
believe that even Type ones could be a little bit unstable.
Perhaps they blew themselves up or or we had global
warring takeover. But Type two is immortal. Nothing known to
science can destroy a type to civilization. Uh. Meteors can
(07:40):
be deflected, asteroids can be destroyed. You can even move
the planet Earth. Uh. A Type two civilization could escape
it when their mother start explodes and because supernova. So
a Type two is immortal, and therefore we look for
them very seriously. We have looked at satellite data. So
far we've had a few interesting candidates, but right now
(08:03):
nothing conclusive. But we are looking for type two and
out of space. Might there be type three and four
and five's out there? Oh definitely. I mean, if if
a civilization could reach the Earth from thousands of light years, uh,
that means that yeah there there two are more more
than likely Type three civilization, but that time they are galactic.
(08:24):
And then their power source is the plant energy. The
plant energy is the energy of space, time itself. The
plant energy is tended the nineteen billion electron bolts that
is a quadrillion times more powerful than the large hadron collider.
It is the energy of a black hole. It is
the energy of the Big Bang. So by the time
(08:45):
you're type three, you may be it may be possible
to drill a hole in space and time a wormhole.
A wormholee was first introduced by Einstein himself in ninety
five as a gateway, as a passageway, so as matter
falls into a black coal is blown out the other
end as a white hole. So this is still a theory.
We've looked for white holes. We haven't found any. But
(09:08):
some people even think that the Big Bang could be
a white hole, that matter falls into this singularity and
blows out the other end as a white hole, which
is a big bang. Which is what I need to
ask you, because I just still don't get it, Mitchio.
The big Bang something banging from nothing. How can that be? Well,
(09:31):
we don't know for sure, but Einstein gives us this
picture that the universe is a bubble of some sort.
We live on the skin of the bubble and the
bubble is expanding. That's called the Big Bang theory. But
now we are going beyond Einstein into something called string theory,
which is what I do for a living, and a
string theory, there are other bubbles out there, other bubbles,
(09:54):
and sometimes these bubbles bump into each other to create
a bigger bubble. Sometimes they fishion and peel off baby bubbles,
and that's called the big Bang. So the Big Bang
is nothing but the collision of universes or the peeping
off of baby universes, and that happens all the time.
So we're talking about eternal creation of universes, and believe
(10:17):
it or not, this fits the data. We're just not
b essing and you know, trying to impress ourselves at
the dinner table. We have data. The data fits this
basic picture that there is a multiverse of universes out there.
And then, of course a lot of people come up
to me and say, professor, does that mean that Elvis
Presley is still alive in one of these parallel universes. Well,
(10:41):
it can't be ruled out. It can't be ruled out,
which is amazing possibility. Do we have doppel gangers out there?
Images of ourselves? Well, first of all, I think just
in the next few years we will find a doppel
gang in out of space circling another star. We have
found a twenty super earths, that is, planets going around
(11:03):
stars that are maybe percent bigger than the Earth. It's
only a matter of time, just a few years before
we find a doppelganger of the Earth. So at night,
when you look at the night sky, realize that on average,
every single star you see at night has a planet
going around it. Let me repeat that, at night, on average,
(11:28):
every single star you see at night has a planet
going around it, mainly a Jupiter sized planet, but about
one in twenty have Earth sized planets. This means that
in the galaxy, or a backyard, the Milky Way galaxy,
there are probably several billions, several billion Earth like planets
(11:48):
just in our own backyard. I mean, this boggles the imagination,
but that's what science tells us. We've identified these planets,
were cataloging that. We have encyclopedias now exyculopedias of these planets,
and by Gali, a handful of them looked just like
the Earth. Mitchell, tell me your thoughts about extraterrestrial life.
(12:10):
Do you think we and have we been visited? Well, first,
of all, I think they're out there. I mean to
believe that we're the only game in town, that there
are a billion or so earthlike planets in the galaxy
and we're the only ones with intelligent life. I mean,
come on, give me a break, right now. Many of
(12:31):
these planets probably have microbial life, that is, bacteria type
microorganisms in an ocean. Okay, but some of them, some
of them, a fraction of them probably have organisms like fish,
and maybe the fish evolved into intelligent beings. It simply
cannot be rolled out anymore. And so there used to
(12:51):
be something called the giggle factor. That is, when a
scientist we hear somebody talk about aliens from out of space,
you know, scientists would giggle and they're eyes would roll
up into the heavens and they would just let out
a sigh. Well, those days are gone. They're gone because
in our leading institutions we have exo biologists. We have
(13:12):
scientists who created a new field of science called exobiology,
where they look at the biology of alien life in
outer space. What might they look like, how might they evolve,
what happens if we encounter them? All these questions are
being asked to scientific conferences, not UFO conferences, but in
scientific conferences. Yeah, we scientists ask these questions now. It's amazing,
(13:36):
amazing work. Listen to more Coast to Coast a m.
Every weeknight at one a m. Eastern and go to
Coast to Coast am dot com for more
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