Hitler's Munich Beer Hall Putsch, Part 1

Episode Transcript
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Hitler to Sophie, Sophie, Sophie, we did it. I always promised.

(02:09):
We do it again. That's our That's Everyone's favorite intro
is when I just a totally shouted Hitler. We're talking
about Hitler today. This is Behind the Bastards podcast about
the worst people in all of history. I'm Robert Evans
and this is actually a special mini series Behind the
Bastards called Behind the Insurrections. Uh. Last episode we talked

(02:33):
about Benito Mussolini's March on Rome. This episode, we're talking
about another fascist insurrection directly inspired by the March on
Rome and carried out by Bastard's pod side character and
main character Adolf Hitler. We're talking about the Munich beer
hall push today. Yeah, lighted a fire, baby lighted on

(02:54):
awful insurrection. I realized I should probably reference where I
got that from. It's okay, so Common the actor and
I call him the actor. I'm finishing. That is an
interesting since the rapper okay and yes, and one could

(03:17):
argue of the top ten list of greatest rap albums
of all time, Common may hold two of those slots,
one of which is an album called Resurrection. And that's
where I got that from. Was because he's saying ris
Rick should so I was just saying insurrection deep cut,
unnecessary piece of information. But you can pull that out

(03:38):
next time somebody try to judge you about your pop
culture stuff. Beautiful, thank you. I'm more excited about the
fact that he was Common Sense, and then he got
into Hollywood and decided to drop the Sense, which there
was a there's a band out here in l A
like a local band who sued him whose name was

(03:59):
Common Sense, and they were like almost like a three
eleven sublime, like white boy reggae band, and they sued
him for the name. They were like, we were common
Sense first, and I mean I feel like I feel
like you can't copyright the word or name common Sense.
But they won, so he was like all right, whatever

(04:19):
comment and then became a list celebrity. I was going
to say, speaking of people who won, we should talk
about hitler Um at least for a while, but not
in this particular story, although eventually, at least moment when
this particular story ends, it's not the end of the story. Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah.

(04:41):
This particular story is with Nazi defeat, but the broader
story of the Nazis is more complicated than that. So
I think we're gonna start here by talking about the
city of Munich because generally when people talk Nazis, they
wind up kind of focusing on Berlin um. But Munich
is where the National social Is, Germans Workers Party, the

(05:02):
n s d a P, the Nazis. That's where they
came from. That's the birthplace of the Nazi movement is Munich.
And if you look a little bit into Munich's history,
it makes sense. Um Munich is a city in the
German state of Bavaria Um and Bavaria is historically the
most conservative part of Germany. It's kind of like Texas
uh in that even after German unification in eighteen seventy,

(05:23):
Bavarians tended to see themselves as different and other from
like the rest of Germany, right like we're Germans, sure,
but we're more Bavarian, right, Like it's it's this this
the attitude that you do kind of see like Texans
have a bit of this, right like where we're our
own thing. So that's always big in Bavaria, and there's
this kind of like traditionalism. They have their own monarchy

(05:43):
that's separate from the Kaiser, right, like the Kaiser's in
charge of Bavaria still, but they also have their own
king Um. And there's a lot of Bavarians who aren't
super into the idea of being part of Germany, right
because they they they are more Bavarian than anything. Now.
Adolf Hitler, who was again an Austrian, so he's not
really a German by the consideration of a lot of Germans.

(06:04):
He moves to Munich in nineteen thirteen, mainly because he
was getting drafted to go join the Austrian army. And
he didn't want to join the Austrian army. So he's
a draft dodger and he moves to Munich to avoid
serving his time in the military. UM. And just based
on what happens lest this is less because Hitler was
Hitler was not scared of being in the military. He
didn't like Austria. He thought it was like racially polluted

(06:26):
um and so he moved to Munich because it was
more in line with his right wing sensibilities. UM. So
he rented a cheap room and he made a poverty
level income in Munich painting pictures of like famous buildings
in town because the beautiful city and selling them to tourists.
And this was like a whole industry, and Munich a
bunch of of little artists would paint pictures of local

(06:47):
buildings and sell them as like keepsakes to tourists. Hitler
was kind of unique among these artists because while most
of them would actually go out to where those buildings
were with like an easel and paint the buildings and
then sell their pictures and stuff, Hitler would cheap postcards
of those buildings and paint alone in his room where
he spent most of his time reading fringe political tracts
and one presumes masturbating furiously. We have to Yeah, just unbelievable.

(07:13):
Yeah he was, I mean, he was a pretty right
wing guy. But yeah, he's he's pounding it in his
little office um and painting from postcards. Um. And he's
not a very good artist, which is one of the
key little because he lived in like a tiny little
real he was renting from a lady. He was he

(07:34):
was very little. Yeah, when Hitler, I thought we were
just putting him down for no reason. But no, no,
he was extremely poor. So when Hitler moved to Munich,
he had just finished being like a homeless person in
in Vienna, Like he lived in like a men's home
and stuff for like people who couldn't afford um to
stay off the street and whatnot. So he had just

(07:56):
gotten out of like a really dire financial situation. Um.
And actually part of why he was in a dire
financial situation is he inherited money from his mom, but
then his sister needed it for her kids, and so
he gave up his inheritance to her. Um. Which you know,
kind of his evidence that like everyone who turns out terrible.
There was a period of time in which Hitler might
not have wound up being Hitler. UM. So anyway, important

(08:18):
to keep in mind. So Hitler's living in Munich, He's
painting shitty paintings, tugging it all the time, um, and
reading a bunch of like reactionary right wing zines, like
poorly mimiographed newsletters about the dangers of the Jews. That's
like a huge thing Hitler's doing in this period. Some
things never changed, man. Yeah, Yeah, it's like it's like
he's like hanging out on the day's equivalent of eight chan,

(08:38):
which is like these tracts that are being passed out
of the street. So when World War One kicks off,
and you know, in this period, right, the Archduke's assassinated,
as we talked about last time, but in the run
up to World of One, Benito Mussolini's furiously trying to
get his country Italy involved in the war. Um. Germany
goes to war with the World UM, and Hitler immediately

(08:58):
joins up and becomes an infantry man. Uh. And he's
almost immediately thrown into one of the most horrifying battles
in not just like the whole war. But like ever,
it's known colloquially as the Slaughter of the Innocence because
the Germans sent tens of thousands of basically children to
die to like Allied machine guns. A horrible battle um.
Now at the same time as Hitler's watching his friends

(09:21):
get mowed down in the trenches, Herman Gerring, who would
become his future second in command, is becoming one of
the first fighter pilots in history. Gering flew with Manfred
ron Ricktoven the Red Baron's Flying Circus. He took command
of the squadron after Ricktoven got killed in nineteen eighteen,
and he got something. He shot down like twenty nine planes.
He's an extremely good fighter pilot, and it's like a

(09:41):
dad becomes like a dashing national hero. Now another big
Nazi you might know. Heinrich Himler was too young to
serve during World War One. He came from that awkward
generation where you were too young to fight in the
First World War, and he would have been too old
to fight in the second, and so his entire youth
was spent like idolizing these soldiers going off to die
in France who he was unable to join. Now, another

(10:04):
fellow who went to war in nineteen fourteen was Ernst Pohner.
Now Powner was a middle aged I know, it's a
rough name. You gotta give the guy some credit for it,
a real cross to bear. So Powner grew up or
Powner was like a middle aged, conservative educated Bavarian, pretty
right wing guy when the war starts and he was
commissioned as an infantry officer and eventually rose to regimental command. Now,

(10:27):
despite being a Bavarian to his soul and thus being
kind of like separate from the rest of Germans, fighting
in the war gives him this sense of like unity
with the rest of Germany, and he starts to feel
like a member of this, like this unified nation for
the first time in his life. And in fact, all
of Bavaria was brought closer in step to the rest
of Germany. As a result of the war. The region

(10:48):
industrialized rapidly to provide armaments, and as the German state
devoted itself increasingly to becoming an engine of arms production, um,
Bavaria becomes like a big part of that, particularly Nuremberg
or not. I think, uh yeah, I think it might
have been. It was. It was Narremberg. I'm not great
on all the other German city, but like Bavarious starts
industrializing heavily, and their military was like just the best

(11:09):
in the world, incredibly good. Yeah yeah, Like like Germany
actively amazing, goes up against the entire rest of the
world in World War One and comes pretty close to winning.
They yeah, they like. It's not like World War Two
where after a while like they're almost they almost pulled
it off almost yeah yeah. Um So the Kaiser's propaganda

(11:29):
had forbidden so like and that that's actually part of
the problem is that right up until the end of
the war, Germany could win it. It's not again, not
like World War Two. We're after nineteen forty three, everyone
can see the writing on the wall. Up until like
late nineteen eighteen, Germany could pull that ship off. Um
And this is sort of compounded in the minds of
German people who see their soldiers winning by the Kaisers

(11:51):
propaganda because the Kaiser had forbidden journalists from reporting on
the dire situation in the West. Um so number one,
Germany is in a pretty good position most of the war.
They notck Romania and Russia out of the fight, so
they beat like two powers, including Russia, which is like
a fifth of the world's land masks which they heard
of at the time. They conquer Ukraine, um like, get

(12:14):
it in a treaty basically, and they spend most of
the war within spitting distance of Paris. So on a map,
Germans spend most of that war thinking like we're winning.
This is tough, We're losing a lot of men, but like,
we're gonna win this thing now. The situation on the
map belied some crucial realities, including the fact that as
the war went on, Germany was completely hollowed out of soldiers,

(12:36):
of supplies, and of food. Three quarters of a million
German civilians starved to death as a result of the
Allied blockade. UM. By the time Germany surrenders in the
winter of nineteen eighteen, it's army is on the very
brink of collapse. The generals who are in charge at
the end a guy named Eric Lundor for you might
remember from the Wonder Woman movie. Yes he's the bad

(12:57):
guy and Wonder Woman, but was a real dude. Um
and Paul von Hindenberg, who was his his co general.
We're not the ones to accept failure gracefully. Right, like
both of them had some victories to their name, both
of them made some major strategic errors at the end
that we're a big factor in German defeat um. But
when the Germans lose, they don't stay on deck to

(13:19):
be like, hey, guys, we tried our best, we fought
as hard as anyone could fight, and we got our
We we just lost. They fucking bounce like as soon
as it becomes clear they're going to surrender, they're fucking
out of there. Yeah, yeah, so back yeah, and they
hand over responsibility for negotiating Germany's surrender because the Kaiser

(13:39):
also bounces like that motherfucker's off the Belgium on a
trade um. So all of the people who had gotten
Germany into war and had like pushed the war the
whole time leave and put the responsibility for negotiating the
surrender on the social democrat dominated Reichstag. So Germany overnight
is a social democracy. And also the liberals who had

(14:00):
been most a lot of them anti war up to
that point, now have to deal with negotiating germany surrender. Meanwhile,
the guys who were responsible for losing the war start
concocting a narrative that the left had stabbed the German
army in the back um and that's why they lost.
And when I say the left, I also mean the Jews,
because that's what they mean, right, like they're not yeah,

(14:22):
the left. And it's the same thing people talk about
cultural Marxism today, right. The turn back then was Judeo Bolshevism.
But it's the same idea, right. So the first days
and weeks after Germany's defeat, there were just a bunch
of revolutions all throughout these different cities in Germany, and
a lot of them were left wing. But Verry was
not spared in this wave of unrest. As you said,
there was a strong While Bavaria is very conservative, in

(14:44):
Munich in particular, there's a very vibrant left wing and
several days before Germany signs the armistice on November eleven,
November seven, this huge crowd as symbols in Munich and
they forced the Bavarian king to leave his throne. Now,
the guy who orchestrated this was a dude named Kurt Eisner,
and he's the head of the Bavarian Social Democratic Party

(15:04):
and his goal was to you know what he did.
He wanted to kick out the king and establish a
Bavarian republic. Now, that worked for a little while. The
unfortunately Eisner the coalition that Eisener used to kind of
kick the king out and establish a republic was only
united in their desire to bring it into the war
and get rid of the king. And once that war
ended and the king was gone, they didn't agree on

(15:26):
anything else because it was a coalition of like the
far left, but also a lot of like center left
people and even centrists were just like, this World War
one thing doesn't seem to be working out for anybody,
all of us. Sucks for all of us. And when
that ends, a lot of these centrists are like, well,
we don't really agree with the left on anything else,
you know, And there's this huge desire to We've got

(15:47):
the king out, the war has gone. Let's go back
to business as usual. Let's go back to the way
things were before the war. I think people Americans can understand. People. Yeah,
I just want to go back to branch man. I
want to go back to brunch. And a lot of
these centrists wanted to go back to the center right
and the center left, arguing because both the extreme right
and the extreme left had been empowered by the war

(16:09):
and the economic collapse that came with it, and these
these folks in the middle were scared by that. So
this is before like pruised and like the new like
the new Democrats or the new like constitution. They right,
like this, this is right, this is before the Weimar Constitution.
Istion Eisner over. Eisner leads his sort of revolution like

(16:33):
five days before Germany surrenders. Um, so this is contemporary,
Like the Weimar Constitution starts being written during the period
where a lot of this is happening. But this starts before.
This starts while the Kaiser is still on the throat. Right, Um,
I'm fairly sure while the Kaiser is still on the throat.
It starts before the official German surrender. So things, you know,

(16:53):
the center right or the center left decides like, we
don't really want to work with Eisener. Eisner's support dissolves
and he kind of winds up unable to govern because
he doesn't really have a lot of people backing him. Um,
there's new elections, uh in January of nineteen nineteen, and
this kind of center left dominates as opposed to Eisner's

(17:13):
far left. So On the morning of February one, nineteen nineteen,
Kurt Eisner starts walking to the lawn Tag, the land Tag,
which is like they're, you know, kind of their Congress
sort of thing, to resign his position as head of
the local government. Now, while he's on his way, this
German noble count Anton Arco Valley, which is a fucking badass.
Now Arco Valley, it's like he's like a Spiderman victim right, Billy, Yeah, Um,

(17:39):
he's a He's a rich Bavarian nobleman. So Arco Valley
like comes up and shoots him dead. Eisner. Um so
because he's, you know, Arco Valley is a monarchist and
a and a far right kind of guy, and he
wants to murder this left wing dude, even though the
guy is about to leave power willingly. So one of
Eisner's Eisner does have some very loyal followers, and one
of them responds to Eisner being killed by gunning down

(18:03):
another politician. And for reasons unknown to history, this like
leftist supporter of Eisner, instead of going after one of
arco Valleys allies, picks a moderate liberal um, a guy
named Ernard our Um, and shoots him. Now Our survives
an hour at the time is kind of the head
of the Social Democrats and Munich, so he's like he's
like kind of the Joe Biden right, Like he's like

(18:24):
a moderate liberal. Um. Yeah uh, and this leftist shoots
him instead of one of Arco Valleys allies for a
good reasons that aren't really well known. Um, but our survived.
What are theories? You know? I I haven't really heard
a good one. It might just be that, as a rule,
a lot of folks on the far left will always
hate liberals more than they hate the right. Um, it

(18:47):
might have been. It's like it was just like personal
It's like that fool hit on my girl. Yeah, I've
been personally he might have been. Man, I took my chance.
He might have just fucked up right, like guns just
hit the rate back then, you know, Like you know,
I don't really know. Um ours survived though he doesn't
get killed, but his injuries keep him out of politics

(19:08):
for two years. And while Our was like kind of
a centrist, he was an effective leader of the Social
Democratic Party. He was good at getting people in line. Um.
And the fact that he's out of the picture for
a couple of years means that his party is effectively
rudderless right at the same time that the far left
is energized by Eisner's martyrdom. Now, our successor, a guy
named Johann Hoffman, was weak and not very competent um.

(19:32):
So you've got this position where the dominant center left
party loses its effective leader at the same time as
the radical left gets energized by the assassination of like
one of their big dudes. And I'm gonna I'm gonna
read a quote now from a graduate dissertation by James
McGee titled the Political Police in Bavaria nineteen nineteen to
nineteen thirty six to explain what happens next. The assassination

(19:55):
of Eisner had worked as a solvent upon political consensus
such as it was in Bavaria. The Hoffman government found
itself caught between the advance of radicalism on both the
right and the left the first round, and the struggle
went to the radical left. No longer able to maintain
itself in Munich, the Hoffman government decamped on April seven,
eventually coming to rest in the northern Bavarian city of Bomberg.
Authority in Munich was assumed successively by two councils, the

(20:18):
first led by an ill assorted collection of independent socialists
and anarchists, and the second by the communists. So two
different successive kind of far left governments take over through
like a revolution basically, but neither of them are very
good at it right. Neither of them really have Like
the anarchists are way more focused on creating public art
and stuff um, and don't really have a great uh

(20:41):
cohesive set of plan to deal with the needs of
a lot of like uh Moonstion ears. I think it
is like people of the people of Munich, um. Whereas
the communists are kind of they're not really that good
at building support outside of the people who are already
involved in their movement. Uh. There there spent a lot
of time going after their political enemies uh and again
aren't very good at consolidating power. Meanwhile, outside the city,

(21:04):
conservative forces start regrouping and preparing to invade Munich because
there's been a left wing revolution. What is the right
going to do? They're gonna murder everyone they can. So
the core of this right wing movement where the Free
Corps um, and that's an organization of right wing veterans
that you could see is broadly similar to groups like
the Oath Keepers or the Three Percenters today. Now, the
main difference between these two is the oath Keepers and

(21:25):
the Three Percenters are mostly people dressing up like soldiers who,
if they were in the military, never heard a shot
fired in anger. The men of the Free Corps are
hard sons of bitches, like they have They have done
a ton of killing. They have seen thousands die before
their eyes. Like a lot of these guys, these guys
are like veterans of the trenches. So they're not they're
not playing, you know, like they're not dressing up because

(21:48):
soldiers look cool. They've they they have been so broken
by war that it's the only thing they can really do,
you know. Larpin over here. Yeah, they're called the Free Corps,
the Free Corp, the Free Corps like where yeah so,
and the Free Corps. Not all these guys. A number
of like free core dudes actually become anti Nazis later,
but a lot of the Free Corps are the genesis

(22:10):
of what becomes some of the Nazi street movements too.
And it's kind of like we saw with the r
d T in Italy, right where you've got all these veterans.
Some of them do become some of them just one
order and they're more Republican than anything. But they'll fight
the radical left, and then they wind up being anti Nazi.
Most of them go more in a Nazi direction. Some
of them wind up being kind of more on the
left after a while because they get, you know, disillusioned

(22:31):
by right wing politics. But you have this melting pot
of soldiers who are angry at things, and the bulk
of them do go to the right. Now. Yeah, so
these guys invade and they make quick work of the
Red Forces of the Revolutionary government. I'm gonna quote from
Macgee's article again. By the end of April, the feeble
Red Forces had been pressed back into the environs of
Munich itself. At this moment, with their backs to the wall,

(22:54):
elements of the Red Army executed tin hostages. Some of
the hostages were members of the right radical Tula Society.
Others appeared to have been selected almost at random. None
of the ten, however, had done anything to earn so
terrible a retribution with run. With one gratuitous act, the
leftist defenders of Munich had opened the floodgates of violence.
The aroused White forces poured into the city on May first,

(23:15):
bent upon the eradication of the Bavarian Soviet Republic and
its supporters in the most literal sense imaginable. The hardened
Free Corps and Army troops coursed through the streets of
the city, shooting anyone who appeared even remotely suspicious. The
orgy of execution did not stop until May seven, when
it was discovered that the White forces had mistakenly murdered
a group of twenty one Catholic school boys. These school

(23:37):
boys were, by no means the only innocence who fell
before the guns. Before this first wave of killing had
come to an end, over six hundred individuals had been slain,
many of them individuals with no connection to the Red
Army or the Soviet Republic. The revolution, which had begun
so peacefully six months before, had ended in a blood bath.
Order had returned to Bavaria. Wow, that's kind of the

(23:58):
story of the radical left. In the radical right right,
you get the radical left, some of them go a
little bit far. They killed ten people, and the right
murder six hundred people, including several dozen schoolboys. Yeah, got
dog man, Yeah, I hearing about this just this time

(24:18):
in the world and being a you know, albeit African
American male. But the reality is I live in America,
you know that like in this in this era that
like the type of violence these people endured all the time,
you know, and instability, Like it's just we really can't

(24:41):
get our brain around that six hundred Yeah, you know
it was six hundred people at least, like they murder
a whole school of Catholic children, you know, famous leftists,
the Catholic school. Yeah, right, I mean to be actually,
if we're being honest, like one of the in Germany,
the anti fascists were a mix of anarchists, communists, social democrats,

(25:06):
and Catholics. A lot of very traditional conservative Catholics were
anti fascists because they were against the Nazis, right, and
they still believed some pretty messed up stuff. You're talking
about Catholics in the thirties and forties. But um, we're
not Nazis, you know, And you get a lot of
credit in my book if you're anti Nazi, regardless of
what you believe in that all the other stuff I
can say this about you. Yeah, but you know, this

(25:29):
does kind of everything that's happening in Germany in this
period makes it clear what I what I kind of
consistently think is the most the thing that we have
going for us the most in our present struggle against fascism,
which is that our fascists are they're fucking whimps for
the most part, right, most of them have never seen

(25:50):
heavy combat. They have not seen people shot to death.
They haven't shot anyone to death, they have not been
in like That's why a lot of them started to
run as soon as like the police started really using force.
The fascists, the Nazis, the o G Nazis, most of
them are hard, hard people. Hitler is an incredibly physically

(26:11):
tough man. Like Hitler is a guy who got into
street fights with a whip, you know, like these are yeah,
these are rough people, um and I that's one of
the things we have going for us is that most
of ours just aren't that tough, you know. Um Yeah,
there's like this weird like combo of like there's you're

(26:32):
not that tough, but you have something to prove, so
you're gonna be so you're dangerous because you have something
to prove, right, But then there's you are tough and
you have something to prove and you ain't scared, you know.
I'm like, yeah, that's a toll that that's a totally
different situation. Yeah. Yeah, Like you'll see a lot of
folks in our far right dress up in you know,

(26:54):
plate carriers and carry guns and look like soldiers. The
Nazis did that too, They wore military they dressed like
German stormtroopers, and most of them had been right when
they dressed like the guys who charged through trenches with
an axe in one hand and a handgun in another.
It's because they charged through trenches with an axe in
one hand and a handgun in another. You know. Yeah,

(27:14):
And I know you've seen that look bro as a tangent,
but like as much as you've trapped as any war
zones you've been in, and then even here, like you
can see it in a person's eyes to where you're like, oh, yeah,
you'll cut me, you will cut my throat. You're not,
you won't think twice, You'll cut my throat, Like you
can see it in a person's eyes. Yeah, it's the willingness,
it's it's the people, and you can really see it

(27:36):
in a lot of folks eyes. The folks for whom
doing violence is the same as like turning the page
in a book, right, Like it doesn't require a switch
in their mental circuitry. Yeah, they're just ready, you know,
and most of them aren't that. Most of the far
right in Munich in this period are that kind of person.
You know. You've got folks like Heinrich Hemler who were

(27:57):
too young and who want to be that and are
playing at it, but a lot of them are really
tough people. So mainstream Munich, which you know, after the
right comes in and massacres everybody, it's still like kind
of the liberals who are in charge of the government
for about a year after this point, you know, kind
of the mainstream center left, and they blamed the far
left for everything, even though the vast majority of the

(28:18):
killing had been done by folks that were basically proto fascists.
Um and among other things, the fact that the left
had taken over the city briefly helped to incite and
fuel an extremely active right wing militias scenes. So all
of these different street militias of armed young men start
to form up during this period of time, So different

(28:38):
groups of angry young men, many of them veterans got
together to fight the reds and enshare their city would
never fall to the left again again. A liberal government
is in charge for the next year, but after the
Free Corps and the army come in, the real power
in Munich is with the military and the police, and
the dominant political ideology in the city among both the
center left and center right become the thirst for order

(29:01):
above all else, right, which you can understand, Like, these
people aren't just going through like a lot of Americans
just want order at this point, after the last four
years and we didn't go through a war that killed
like what one out of every ten of our young
men something like that. Yeah, their calls for law and
order are understandable. Yeah, I think there. You know, the
history will show it was the wrong way to go

(29:21):
about it. But you have to be more sympathetic to them,
the people calling for now like well, you can't even imagine,
no one in in America can imagine we have no Yeah, exactly. Um. So,
Ernest Pohner was one of the first men who stepped
in to fill this need for order. And he'd been
enraged by Eisner and you know, even more enraged by
the Soviet Republic that briefly took charge of Munich um

(29:44):
And so he gets promoted to be the head of
the Munich Police Force in May of nineteen nineteen. And
he's fresh back from commanding a regiment in World War
One at this point, and as soon as he's put in,
you know, in charge of the police force, he sets
to work not just crushing Marxism but doing everything he
hand to encourage the growth of the radical right in Munich.
Now the radical right, there were a number of different

(30:05):
parties at this period, but the one that would come
to dominate the Munich far right scene was of course
the National Socialist German Workers Party the n s d
a P. They were founded in February of nineteen twenty
by a fellow named Anton Drexler. A lot of people
don't know this. Hitler didn't start the Nazi Party. He
wasn't involved at the very beginning. It was a locksmith
named Drexler who had been involved previously in a bunch

(30:27):
of other fanatical nationalist parties. Now from the beginning the
n s d a P. And they're not the Nazis
at this point, nobody calls them that yet that that
that takes for a while. Laters at this point called
him the National Socialists or the n s d AP.
Their goal initially was to be the party of the
German middle class, and I think you'll remember that from
our episode on Italy. Yep, Drexler sought robust social aid

(30:51):
programs for arians. So he wanted socialism four arians, right,
and he wanted anyone who was not to not be
in his fucking country. That's that. Yeah. Now, at the onset,
the National Socialists were a small and secretive group of
about sixty people. Now, the reichs Wear, which is Germany's
post war army, becomes immediately concerned with this small party,

(31:14):
namely because they were afraid that it might have subversive
or revolutionary goals. Right, the army is definitely more anti
left than right, but they're concerned about anyone who might
be a threat to order in this period. So they
decided to send in a spy to look at this
young starting party and figure out if it's a threat.
And the spy they send is a young German corporal
named Adolf Hitler. Like of of all the times, I

(31:39):
mean like of So there's so much of world history
that fascinates me. But this moment, this time, this time,
the in between wars, this time is so interesting to me?
U is it so interesting that we should take an
ad break for a suspect. Yeah, you know who won't
send Hitler in to infiltrate a radical political party and

(32:04):
then become its head. Our sponsors, they will not. Our
sponsors have never ordered Adolf Hitler to infiltrate of right
wing political That for a fact, Absolutely certain. Yes, I'm
a bastard for that transition. By the way, that was
a great transition. What grows in the forest trees, Sure

(32:30):
you know what else grows in the forest, our imagination,
our sense of wonder, and our family bonds grow too,
because when we disconnect from this and connect with this,
we reconnect with each other. The forest is closer than
you think. Find a forest near you and start exploring.

(32:50):
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Oh my gosh, we have returned, and I am just
loving talking about some old h bomb hittie hits h bomb.

(34:41):
Yeah he uh here, here's what you could do. Here's
what you can do for these people, which is some
of the Uh well, I don't get into these Gussies
anymore because it ridiculous, but um, help these people understand
this party having the term socialists in it, but they're
not so to list like yeah, yeah, help them understand net.

(35:02):
It's just they're they're national socialists, which means which means
they're they're kind of and in their conception that means that, like,
we seek a socialist state for members of our race,
so we want to and and some of that was
just was just lies because the Germans a lot of
stuff is happening here. For one thing, the left is

(35:23):
very powerful in Germany during this point. The Communists are
beating the Nazis for the most part in elections for
most of this history. So and they're both competing for
people who have been radicalized, like we talked about last time,
people who have accepted that the system is fucked, a
lot of them can go left or right. So the
Nazis have to be reaching out to the workers have
to be trying to recruit from that. And there's also

(35:44):
you know, you are talking about a period of time
in which the German economy is it's like five point
seven billion marks to the dollar, Like Germany is a
nation of trillionaires who can't afford food. So you have
to be able to speak to these people in promise
them some sort of aid. And that was a big part.
And and the way basically the left is like everybody

(36:06):
deserves to be taken care of. We need to take
money away from these We need to nationalize industries, we
need to nationalize corporations, We need to give the means
of production to workers. The Germans are basically like, we
need to take money away from the Jews and businesses
away from the Jews and give it to arians, right
because of them. Yeah, the idea of like accepting the

(36:26):
fact that, like you lost this war. I feel like
that's what's so that this is part of what's interesting
me about this season to this time in history, because
it's like you couldn't get your brain around the fact
that y'all just lost, Like it just you lost. You
drained your economy on a war that you shouldn't have

(36:48):
been in the first place. Again, nothing that sounds similar
to this country today exactly. Just hey, bro, you take
it on a chance you lost, you know what I'm saying,
Let's figure this out. Were you looking for, Like, well,
we just lost because of them? Like well anyway, Yeah,
none of this is familiar. And it's also when we're
talking about sort of socialism within the Nazis. One thing

(37:10):
people do need to understand is that in the early period,
and this hasn't even really evolved yet in the episode
we're talking about, this is more in like the later twenties,
there's a left wing and a right wing of the
Nazi Party. There are Nazis who are anti capitalist. The
Night of Long Knives is the right wing of the
Nazi Party, which is the dominant chunk of the party,
murdering all of those. Which is not to say that

(37:31):
the left wing of the Nazi Party weren't a bunch
of hideous racist monsters. They were, um, they just believed
slightly different things and were then murdered, right Like, that's
that's what the Night of Long Knives was, was a
purging of the kind of more socialist elements within the
Nazi Party that they needed to kind of get into
power and get enough workers behind them that they could
you know, um, take the streets. Um. So again, a

(37:54):
lot of chairman, his political history is incredibly complicated in
this period, so much is going on. Um And again,
like people who are convinced that the system needs to
be destroyed will often have some stuff in common with
each other, which is why you do see Nazis and
communists on a couple of occasions, like fight together against

(38:16):
police in the state, not because they agree with each other,
but because they agree on the fact that the state
is ship. Um. You know, it's it's a very messy
time because everything is falling apart. Again, I'm sure Americans
can identify with that. Um. So. Yeah, this Hitler's you know,
commanding officer sends him to infiltrate this far right group

(38:39):
and learn if it's like a threat to the German government,
which I think you have to count as like one
of the worst decisions ever made, like calculation, and I
don't know if anything's ever backfired more than be like,
we don't want to we we want to make sure
these guys don't overthrow the government. Send Hitler and the
check out him. Yeah yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah yeah yeah yeah.
Mostly underestimated big it. So Hitler at the time was

(39:02):
an angry young man, still suffering from his war injuries.
He'd been pretty badly messed up at the front, and
he'd been at the front for about four straight years.
So he's he's riddled with PTSD and physically injured, and
he's adrift in a nation on the verge of collapse.
The economy is in free fall. People don't have jobs,
and Hitler's kind of One of the reasons he does
this is he's desperate to not get kicked out of

(39:24):
the military. Most soldiers are released from the military after
the war. He hangs onto his job for a while
and this is how and he needs the fucking money, right,
so he takes this gig. He goes in and shows
up at a meeting or two of the Nazi Party,
and he finds himself kind of enthralled by the group's discussions. Now,
one of the party's early members was a fellow named
Dietrich Eckert. Now. Eckert was an anti Semitic poet, and

(39:47):
most historians consider him to be the spiritual founder of
the Nazi Party. Hitler himself, in some private writings, described
Eckert as the spiritual founder of Nazism. Now Eckert was
all about nationalism and saving Germany from the Jewish menace
that he believed had lost the war for her bereft
of a Kaiser, Dietrich became convinced that an Aryan hero

(40:08):
was needed to save the German race, and he spent
a lot of his time thinking about who that hero
might be. And I'm gonna quote Dietrich here. This is
talking about like what he believes is necessary to save Germany. Yeah,
the rabble has to be scared shitless. I can't use
an officer, by which he means a military officer. The
people no longer have any respect for them. Best of

(40:28):
all would be a worker who's got his mouth in
the right place. He doesn't need much intelligence. Politics is
the stupidest business in the world, right, I mean, politics
is the stupidest posiness. Yeah, you have to see Eckard

(40:49):
is in a lot of ways one of the most
effective and like political thinkers of all time, he's absolutely
right about how to take over German Democratcsy. It's a
seats the plan works. Yeah, he turns out he was right. Yeah. Now,
during one early Nazi party meeting, a professor got up
and made an impassioned argument about why Bavaria needed to

(41:10):
seceed from Germany. Hitler got enraged by this, and he
starts screaming at this professor and he's so eloquent in
his arguments about like why Germany needs to stay together
that like everyone who's there is just struck by his
his skill as a speaker. Um, And this professor actually
like flees the room in shame because he can't like
argue against Hitler. And yeah, this convinces all of the

(41:31):
party leaders at the time that Hitler had a future
as an orator, that he could be like a big
voice for spreading the party's propaganda. So they start having
Hitler gift speeches and they're right, Like he's able to
draw a crowd. That guy is a good public speaker.
He gets better and better about it over time, and
in short order he's the most prominent member of the
National Socialist Party and soon it's figurehead. Now, the Nazis

(41:55):
grew quickly at this point, drawing in other disaffected veterans
like Herman Gearing and Rome. Now, Rome had been a stormtrooper,
and he's a really interesting guy. He's one of the
members who's purged in the Night of Long Knives. So
he had in World War One been like a Special
Forces guy, an elite assault trooper. He's covered head to
toe in scars. His nickname because he has so many
connections in the military. He's able to get like heavy

(42:18):
machine guns for these militias and stuff like have them
smuggled out illegally from the army to these right wing groups.
They call him the machine Gun King, which is an
objectively cool nickname. The Rome is a terrifying person um
and and it's just like a like and if you
want to think about his the way he's seen by
a lot of the radical right at this point point

(42:39):
in Germany, think about a guy like Chris Kyle, right,
the American Sniper, how Republicans talk about him. Rome was
that sort of legend. He's just this this absolute legendary brawler,
warrior brawler. He's also very almost openly gay, which is
why he's murdered in the light night of Long Knives,
right is because like Hitler doesn't want kind of bad

(43:00):
pr He's a very interesting guy. Um yeah, he's a
tough He's a tough and that's like a huge factor
in you know there there again we talked about all
these kind of countercultural movements coming together. You see versions
of this within the Proud Boys too, right, like where
and that's a big part of Like at the time,
what you know, Rome sexuality wasn't something that they advertised.

(43:21):
Now it is kind of an advertising point where it's like, hey,
we're not white nationalists, Like look, you know our leaders,
this our leader is like a black guy. We've got
all these gay people, like, we couldn't possibly be fascists.
And it's like no, no, no. The fascists have had
always at the start a lot of different people represented
as long as they're violent. Now, once they get into power,
they murder those people. Rome doesn't last after Hitler gets

(43:47):
into power. No, no, no, But Hitler's happy to be
his friend when he needs him to beat people up.
The Finesse on that kid, Hitler, man, it's just that
the Finesse is ridiculous, Like yeah, yeah, you can't finesse
is ridiculous. Anyway, Hitler starts attracting these war heres because
Garing is also herman. Garring is like a fighter ace

(44:07):
and he's very handsome as a young man, like everyone knows,
like the obese heroin addicted Garing that like you know,
gets caricatured. But he's a young man. He's this like
very handsome, prominent look like he looks like a movie star.
And he's a legendary fighter pilot. You've got Ernst Rome,
who's just like tough as nails. And all of these
like war heroes start joining the Nazi ranks, which of

(44:27):
course brings in more guys from the far right because
you've got as a young man. Yeah, you need a
young one. Now I'm looking at young one. This dude's handsome,
young herman Gary, drop the league. Yeah, I'll show you
a picture of him. I'll show you a picture of him.
Drop that into chet. You know what I'm saying. We're
gonna agree to disagree on this one. This is a

(44:50):
point to motherfucker looking like no, no, no, no, no, no,
I'm gonna throw. I'm gonna throw like an ugly lego
loss from one of the rings. Well, got it. Well
you gotta type those over there? So I mean no,
I don't ugly. Okay, chat picture of them? Okay, hold

(45:11):
up this the same picture I was looking at. Yes,
this is not an attractive man. He looks like he
looks like a young bing Crosby. Yo. That's a little
bit of you know what I'm saying, little Matthew McConaughey. Jaw, Yeah,
you know what I'm saying. It's traditionally I I don't
want to get caught into the talking about how hot
Herman Garring used to be. He's still a monster. He is,

(45:32):
he's he is seen as being an attractive young wars
here traditionally attractive, recording to Western standard. Also, half of
the men in Germany in this period have had their
faces blown off. So it's the bar is not as hot. Um,
it's like Ricketts. Yet it's no for me, dog Okay,
well good does not think Herman Garring is hot. Well,

(45:56):
that's a T shirt right there on the motherfucking record
we needed need to know. Let's get two sets of
T shirts out. Team Herman Garring was fuckable and Team
Herman Garring wasn't fuckable yet Sophie, can we get can
we get t public on that? Is that a good idea?
I'm sure, but I don't know. It's just just a

(46:17):
picture of herman garring and DTF questions. Uh, that might
not go over well for us. It's all bad, so
uh Yeah, they start to draw in a lot of
like because they've got all these war heroes, they start
to draw in a lot of other people on the
right who had idolized these men's soldiers who you know,
these guys have been their heroes in the trenches, and

(46:38):
also younger men who hadn't been old enough to fight
in the war. But we're drawn to wanting to be
in the company of these legends, guys like Heinrich Hemmler. Right,
he sees all these heroes joining the Nazis. He never
got to fight in the war, so he joins the Nazis.
Now Hitler's give speech after speech after speech, and while
he's doing this, Dietrich Eckert is helping Hitler mold his

(46:59):
public appearance and create what came to be known as
the Hitler myth. And this is the idea that Hitler
was not just a politician, but he kind of supernaturally
embodied the spirit of the German people and was their
defender against their racial enemies. Eckert is the architect of
this idea, which is the core of like what became
It comes like the fewer principle, like the center of Nazism. Now,

(47:21):
one of Eckert's main points was that a new German
revolution was necessary. The nineteen eighteen revolution, he felt, which
is like the socialist revolution that takes a Remunich, had
failed because it was soulless and Jewish. Eckert wanted a revolution,
but he wanted a revolution that was led by someone
he crafted, namely hitler Um, that could lead the German

(47:41):
people into freedom and wipe away the stain of defeat
in World War One. Now, of course, the Nazis were
opposed even from an early period, as they always are,
by the left, namely socialists and communists. In this period,
and this is before the birth of German anti fascism
asm as a movement. There are people fighting fascism, but
like the idea of like antifa as we know it

(48:02):
like comes out of Germany like a decade later than
this or so um that hasn't really evolved yet, and
there anti fascism in Germany in this period is at
a more primitive level than it is in say Italy. Right, Um,
so there are but they are still opposing the Nazis,
and there are frequent fights at Nazi party rallies. Communists
and socialists will show up at beer halls where Nazis

(48:23):
are meeting and like try to beat the ship out
of these guys, and the Nazis will do the same
thing at left wing gatherings. All everything, every political thing
in Munich happens at a beer hall. And you do
have to assume that everyone but Hitler has wasted it
pretty much all the time. Hitler's not much of a drinker.
Everybody else is just fucking man. How come like as
unstable as the world is like at this time, Matt,

(48:44):
you know, I wonder if we would have much more
people entering into political discourse if they fought the way
that these people fight, y'all just drinking scrap, Like could
you imagine that that like our party, I know, our
parliament in the sevent was like this, you know what
I'm saying, eight Hunt, It's we used to actually scrap,
you know what I'm saying. But like these dudes like
like you you talking. It's so funny because it's like

(49:08):
it's this is hood ship. This sounds like gangbanging, Like
y'all pulling up. It's like, Yo, you left this, yeah,
and n I'm left this. What's what's? What's what I'm saying?
It's like you flashing signs at each other, y'all. Y'are politicians.
Y'are politicians. You know what I'm saying? Like what that's
so that's what I think again, that's going back to
what I mean by like we don't have we don't

(49:29):
have categories for it is their officials fight. Yeah, that's
crazy to me. M yeah, they are like like and
this is a lot of these guys are like kind
of not elected, like elected leaders do get into fights
and stuff. This. Yeah, a lot of these guys are
just sort of like campaigning and a lot of it

(49:49):
happens via street fighting, and it's it's ugly ship. People
are being gunned down and stabbed and beating um like
it's nasty stuff. And in fact it gets so n
see that not only does like Hitler start carrying a
whip and a handgun so that he can like slash
people's faces open during barbawls, but the Nazis, in order
to like defend their meetings, develop a powerful and organized

(50:11):
street fighting arm uh. These guys are called the Storm
Abtai Lung or the Storm Division, and they were created
an early nineteen twenty as a hall protection force, like
a beer hall protection force, for like the meetings that
the party would hold in Munich. Now, in addition to
having like a bunch of guys who would show up
to like crackheads and fight communists, they also opened a

(50:31):
sports and gymnastics wing which started training their men in boxing,
jiu jitsu and exercise. And you see the same thing
with modern fascist there's a lot of fascist and neo
Nazi m M A. Jim's a strong like lifting culture
among them, like the Rise Against movement, who are a
big part of Charlottesville Unite the Right in Charlotte'sville. Like
you know that that the idea of like Nazis loving

(50:52):
to get into jiu jitsu. Nothing against jiu jitsu, it's
rad as hell, but like the fact that they've been
into it that goes back a century. Doug Man, I'll
tell you what bro like, Yeah, it's been playing times
where I'm like I just man, I just do some
like somebody like metasthetics like plio metrics stuff. Man, I'm
not going to these gyms just just like you just
feel like it's just full of these like buck boys,

(51:13):
you know what I'm saying. And now it makes sense.
It's like, yeah, there's a history of this. Yeah, there's
a history which is like there's also some pretty rad
you know, anti fascist like m m A gyms and
stuff out there. Yeah, because I think it's important to
train people who aren't Nazis and how to defend themselves
against But there's a long history of like there's a
there's a huge like fascist m m A fighting like

(51:37):
network in Eastern Europe, particularly in Ukraine. Like they'll have
these big conventions and and competitions and stuff like it's
a big part of that kind of culture. Um. Yeah,
so that you know that starts with the Nazis in
this period. Um, they're doing jiu jitsu in nineteen fucking twenty,
so that's kind And the Stormtrooper catchphrase in this period

(51:59):
was a very subtle death to the Jews. So not
great at keeping a lid on what they're about, you know.
Now in nineteen Herman Garring was promoted to lead the
storm moub Tailung, hereafter known as the essay. These are
the guys that come to be known as the brown Shirts. Now,
by that point, his men had spent much of the

(52:19):
last two years and by being a steady diet of
race hatred and revolutionary fascist propaganda. Wilhelm Bruckner, who was
the head of the Munich Stormtroopers, told Hitler that year
that very soon Hitler would be unable to restrain his
men from doing something. And what Bruckner was warning about
is the same thing we saw in Washington, d C.
On the sixth. If you have this movement of young

(52:39):
men that you gin up with conspiracies about child eating
pedophiles and the globalist destruction of their race and nation,
which is exactly the kind of a lot of the
ship the Nazis are learning hearing this period is like
q and on ship right, very similar. If you if
you get a bunch of angry, violent young men obsessed
with weaponry focused on that ship for years, they will

(53:00):
demand to go shed blood to stop it at some
point and you won't be able to stop them. And
kind of one of the areas where you know Trump
fucked up is he didn't do anything with them cohesive,
because I don't think he ever had much of a
cohesive plan. So they raided the capital and caused a
crackdown on themselves. It's beyond him now, yeah, it's beyond him. Now.

(53:21):
Hitler doesn't let it get beyond him. He realizes this
is happening and that action needs to be taken now.
For a while he was able to kind of burn
out this excess energy among his street fighters by having
them go after journalists and newspaper offices, having them tear
down political propaganda and beat up left wing canvassers in
the streets. So he has them assaulting his enemies and

(53:42):
part to just try to get off this excess energy
so they don't blow up and like tip their hand
too early. And of course all of the fighting and
violence in the street they're doing is very illegal under
under German law at the time. But the police president Powner,
who we've talked about earlier, ensured the Nazis faced few consequences.
And I'm gon quote from McGee's article on the Munich
political police. At this point, the debt with which the

(54:05):
Nazi movement owed Powner was real. As police president, Powner
extended a sheltering hand to protect the activities of the
nascent Nazi movement. In doing so, he ensured its survival
and gave it an opportunity for future growth. This passive image, however,
does little to convey the full dimensions of Powner's commitment
to both the radical right in general and Nazis in particular.
As a key figure in Bavarian politics during the post

(54:26):
war period, Powner actively aided the Volcush movement and occupied
a central position in its highest councils. And the Vocish
movement is like all these ideas about the Aryan race
and the German people that kind of feed into Nazism.
I mean they had like that judges. Yeah, we'll be
talking about the judges. Becomes a judge. He's becomes a judge.

(54:47):
Yeah yeah, these will sitting in court with their legs
all the way up, feet cross like yeah, yeah, go ahead. Yeah.
For an example of how biased he was, at one
point during his time as the chief of police in Munich,
Powner is asked if he realizes the Nazis are murdering
people in the streets of Bavaria, and he replies yes,
but far too few of them. So now, as an aside,

(55:11):
unrelated to anything we're talking about at present, we now
know that at least twenty eight police officers were present
for the storming of the capital on January six. Um.
I should note that in two thousand eighteen, after a
series of dueling protests in Portland between left and right
wing demonstrators that ended with police assaulting and hospitalizing a
left wing activist, internal planning documents from the police revealed

(55:32):
that they viewed the fascist activists as quote much more
mainstream than the anti fascists. There's a long through line,
you know. Yeah, yeah, that mainstream has quite a subtext.
It sure does, sure does. Probably so by nineteen three,
the thrill of beating the ship out of their enemies
in the streets was wearing thin for the storm Abtai Lung.

(55:54):
Now roughly two thirds of the Nazi Party membership was
under the age of thirty one at this point. The
is our young men who want to drink and fight
and revolt against the liberals and Jews they see is
ruining their country. Right, Um, they look a lot like
the Proud Boys. It's a group of like macho, like
testosterone loaded young men who drink and probably do a

(56:15):
lot of like the Proud Boys do a lot of cocaine.
I'm guessing a lot of these guys are on blow too,
you know, not uncommon in Germany in that period. So
Hitler was super on board with getting these guys into
the fight do largely to what he and the rest
of the world had watched Benito Mussolini's Black Shirts do
in Italy the year before, Because again the March on
Rome is the year before Hitler does his beer hall punch.

(56:38):
Twenty three is the beer hall punch. And I'm gonna
quote now from a book called The Trial of Adolf
Hitler by David King, and that he's this is Hitler
talking at first. If a German Mussolini is given to Germany,
Hitler said to a journalist for London's Daily Mail on
the eve of the push, people would fall down on
their knees and worship him more than Mussolini has ever
been worshiped. This journalist was unimpressed. In private, he dismissed

(57:02):
Hitler as another hot air merchant. But Hitler had in
fact decided to follow in the Fascist footsteps and march
on Berlin. The original plan had been to strike on
Saturday night, November ten. This was, after all, the weekend,
which Hitler believed was the best time for a revolution.
Authorities would be away from their desks, police would be
reduced to a minimal staff, and the lighter traffic would

(57:22):
not impede on the movement of his trucks and troops.
So Hitler becomes convinced after seeing Mussolini that like, not
only did Missolini have some great ideas, but this will
work even better in Germany, um, because we kind of
have more of an authoritarian culture. Italy when Mussolini took over,
had a much longer democratic Germany a lot more authoritarianism.

(57:43):
Hitler's like, if I present myself the way Mussolini did,
I'll be even more powerful. People will join me on
the road to Berlin, and we'll take over the whole country. Now,
oh my gosh, h Yeah he's not. I mean, he
was wrong in this instance, but not overall. There's an
interest thing like um even with that like Germans like

(58:05):
at the time, propensity towards like authoritarian like I still
think even and and then their their assualted is towards
Catholicism when I think about their like Protestant movement um
being so informed by sort of like reform Calvinist thought
like this, this idea that like humans are so depraved

(58:28):
at their core because of sin. You know what I'm saying, Like,
you can't trust them to make good choices for themselves.
So you need a strong man in the same way
that Jesus was your strong man. You know what I'm saying,
to make to make these answers, to choose these for you,

(58:49):
because I mean, you're full of sin nature, So why
would we trust what you would vote for yourselves. No,
you need a guy. You need a guy, a dude
in charge that can tell you what's better for you
because you can't trust your own instincts. And and that
that theological twist to me, it's like it adds to
the mythos of how somebody like a good, smooth talking

(59:13):
Hitler could convince this nation who already got got authoritarian tendencies.
Now you add in this like this like theological worldview
to it, it's just like it's just gonna work. It
does is gonna work. The products and services that support
this podcast, Oh yeah, that is going to totally deprave

(59:37):
my Wallet. They are absolutely going to march on Berlin
and overthrow the Reichstag. Yes, I I think that's been
te public school from the beginning. Adoption of teens from
foster care is a topic not enough people know about,
and we're here to change that. I'm April Denuity, host

(59:58):
of the new podcast Navigating Adoption, presented by adopt Us Kids.
Each episode brings you compelling, real life adoption stories told
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Visit adopt us Kids dot org, slash podcast, or subscribe
to Navigating Adoption presented by adopt Us Kids, brought to
you by the U S Department of Health and Human Services,
Administration for Children and Families, and the ACT Council. Hello,

(01:00:22):
and welcome to our show. I'm Zoie de Channel and
I'm so excited to be joined by my friends and
cast mates Hannah Simone and Lamour and Morris to recap
our hit television series New Girl. Join us every Monday
on the Welcome to Our Show podcast, where we'll share
behind the scenes stories of your favorite New Girl episodes,
revealed the truth behind the legendary game True American, and

(01:00:42):
discuss how this show got made with the writers, guest stars,
and directors who made the show so special. Fans have
been begging us to do a New Girl recap for years,
and we finally meet a podcast where we answer all
your burning questions like is there really a bear? In
every episode of New Girl? Plus each week you'll hear
hilarious stories like this at the end when he says

(01:01:04):
you got some schmid on your face, I feel like
I pitched that joke. I believe that. I feel like
I did. I'm not on a thousand percent. I want
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(01:01:27):
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Guide is this fascinating world? Find a forest near you
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(01:01:47):
to you by the United States Forest Service and the
ad Council. We're back. So now Hitler knows he wants
to march on Berlin. He wants to do a Mussolini
but better. But he's he's had a dumb guy. He
realizes that he alone doesn't have a big enough name
to successfully push Bavaria. He's very popular within Munich and
the Munich right, he's not a national figure at this point,

(01:02:10):
so he has to enlist the help of a national figure,
and he picked someone he had idolized, General Eric Ludendorff. Now,
the old General had already tried to take over the
government once before, right after World War One um and
had failed at that, but he hadn't really been punished
because you know, he was the war hero. He's Ludendorff,
he was the architect of the victory over Russia. Uh.

(01:02:31):
He was just very beloved and he was a massive
figure for the right wing, revered and respected. For his part,
the old Field Marshal had spent his declining years becoming
an increasingly massive racist and conspiracy theorist and mostly pushing
the stab in the back narrative blaming the loss in
World War One on the Jews all that stuff. You
could see him as like a General Flynn figure. Um,

(01:02:53):
he's he's this very popular among the far right general
who shacks up with this far right political Now. The
big difference is that General Flynn has been like profoundly
loyal to Donald Trump, and Ludendorff just kind of saw
Hitler as a vector for which he could, you know,
push his kind of fringe right wing politics became more
storm and Norman sports cough head ass yeah a little, yeah.

(01:03:17):
I mean he's not that yeah, yeah, he's not like
he's not like, um, loyal to Hitler, but he sees
Hitler as a guy he can use, and Hitler sees
Ludendorff as a guy he can use. I feel like
in that that exact sentence is like was the dagger
for almost all a political parties, y'all thoughts I could
uses man like he wasn't. Yeah anyway, yeah, I mean.

(01:03:37):
And so Hitler goes to Ludendorf and is like, hey,
I want to overthrow the government. I want to be
the dictator, and I want to have you be basically
like running the country with me. You'll be in charge
of the army and together will bring Germany back to greatness,
and Ludendorf gives a soft yes, the kind of yes
that could mean, to know if like the police came
to his door and he could say like, but he's like, yeah,

(01:03:59):
if you do it, like come on board, I'll take
over the army if you win, you know, like that's
the kind of yes. Ludendorf gives him um, but he's
he's he's on board as long as he doesn't have
to stick his neck out too much. Is kind of
like Ludendorf's attitude towards this. So the initial plan for
the putsch is November ten, but they wound up pushing
it up by two days kind of at the last minute,

(01:04:20):
the Thursday, November eight, because Gustav von Kar who's basically
he's the General Commissar, he's basically like the governor of
of of of Munich Um. He's giving a speech at
the Burger brow Keller beer Hall, which is one of
Munich's most prestigious places for people to drink heavily and
do politics. Burger Carl Burger, the Burger Brownber Beer Hall. Yeah, man,

(01:04:41):
we need to rename something like that because that's yeah,
I would still around today. I think really. Yeah, yeah,
So this is where the putsch actually starts. So Car
is in charge in Munich, and he is He's been
brought to power and what some would call a military coup.
Um it was kind of a soft coup, but basically,
after the liberal rolls had let the left seize the

(01:05:01):
city and revolt, the military made sure that a strongman
like Car wound up in charge after the you know,
a year or so later, and Carr had vowed during
his campaign to turn the city into a cell of
law and order. Oh god, they keep saying that, keep
saying that, which just keep saying law and order, but

(01:05:22):
just you don't never happens never. Yeah. Yeah. So I'm
gonna quote from author David King describing cars politics here.
He welcomed right wing extremists to settle in the region,
and many of them in turn joined the paramilitary societies
emerging in the aftermath of the war and revolution. Car
also organized many of these bands into a loose coalition

(01:05:43):
called the Iron Waterweven or Citizens Militia that would soon
surpass three hundred thousand men. Car would use this volunteer
home guard and everything from law enforcement to border patrol.
They were necessary, he said, like a fire brigade. So
Carr builds this citizen militia, basically a private army of
himself for his own, to crack down on the left.

(01:06:05):
And Germany at this point is forbidden from having much
of a real military. They're captive about a hundred thousand
soldiers in the reichs Fair um. And this is a
part of the Treaty of Versailles. And France realizes that
Car is raising up thousands and thousands of private soldiers,
and they complained that he's building a new German army,
and he's forced to disband his militia. UM. Now this

(01:06:27):
pisses off the far right, the fact that Car caves
and cancels his militia and tells his guys to go home. Um.
And a lot of them consider him like the fascist
equivalent of a rhino at this point, you know, a
republican and name only like they're like cars. Not really
on the right. What he got cooked by the French
yea Um. But he's still very popular with the center right,

(01:06:50):
and he's seen as something of like a a resistance
hero um among like the center right. So he's you know,
he's not like popular on the fringe right, but he's
popular on the middle right. So in October. Now, another
thing that's happening at this period of time is, in
August of nineteen twenty three, Gustav Stresseman is elected Chancellor
of Germany. Um and right before he comes to power,

(01:07:13):
the Germans had begged the Allies for a moratorium on
reparations payments because the German economy is collapsing in this
period and they just can't afford it. The French had
refused to put in a moratorium on payments, and then
in order to get money out of Germany that Germany
wasn't sending, they invaded and occupied the Ruhr, which is
Germany's industrial heartland. So Germany defaults on their payments after,

(01:07:36):
like you know, before they invade the rule and like
the fact that the French invade pisses off all of
Germany and particularly the German right wing. Yeah so is
this this again? Yeah, like a little little little human
in his story here is like, yeah, so you guys
knew chancellor because they had to write a whole new constitution,
the rohole new constitution, got a new chancellor. They gotta
payback Audisy. They destroyed for his war. They already feel

(01:07:58):
salty about that, like, damn, I gotta I gotta clean it.
I gotta pay for artists, you know what I'm saying,
And in a like literally we're broke, Like God, damn it,
we're broke, you know what I'm saying. So then and
then for France to be like, oh, you gonna give
me my money, They're like what money, Well, they don't
have anything. What money? We don't have it. Yeah, we

(01:08:20):
starved to death on turnips last winter, like we have
nothing like you saw it. We lost. Damn man, we lost,
and no we are like we got it. Yeah. And
this this a lot of the anger at the Treaty
of Versailles and the way the French are behaving gets
pushed onto the German liberals, who like because their internationalists

(01:08:41):
kind of like try to engage with the French, and
Gustop stress him and gets elected. And one of the
first things he does is he orders the end of
a general strike against the French and the RU and
he starts resuming reparations payments and this enrages the right
wing and so and stress him and knows it's going
to so he has the President of the Reich to
clear and emergency. The Bavarian government gets piste by this

(01:09:03):
because they hate Stressman. They're all very conservative, he's a liberal,
and they're like, basically, this guy has been cucked by
the French, and they declare Bavaria to close its own
state of emergency. Now, the decision to do that was
made by the Triumvirate that ruled Bavaria, which consisted of
von Kar General von Lasso, who's in charge of the
army in Bavaria, and the commander of the state police,
a guy named Cisser I think. Now, this Triumvirate had

(01:09:25):
publicly refused a number of orders from Berlin as a
show of protest and as red meat to their right
wing base. So basically it's like a state in the
United States refusing orders from the federal government because it's
against what their political base wants. Um. And this is
mostly for show, because yeah, this is mostly for show, um.
Because like, the federal government has the ability to deny

(01:09:46):
funds to Bavaria, right, which kind of fox them over.
And so by early November, the Triumvirate is losing heart
because they wanted to get red meat to their base
and like improve their own personal popularity by saying fuck
you to the central government. But they didn't want to
pay consequences. So they're starting to cave by November. But
most voters don't know that. And so when von Kar
takes the stage at the burger Brow beer Hall on

(01:10:08):
November eight, the really like a lot of people show
up because they think he's about to announce that Bavaria
is seceding from Germany. Um. Now Hitler knows that's not
gonna happen. He knows that's very unlikely because Hitler sees
von Kar is basically a moderate. But he also knows
that a huge crowd, including all of the people running Bavaria,
are going to be in the beer hall that night,

(01:10:30):
which makes it a great place to occupy with armed men.
If you're going to do a push, if you're pushing,
you know, that's where you want to put this where
you push the put. Yeah, this is the beer hall.
The burger Brow beer Hall is the equivalent of the
capital on January six. Here it's like where all these
elected leaders are. If you want to actually capture these people,
this is where you do it. Um. So he gets

(01:10:51):
together his stormtrooper leaders and his key advisors, and they
work with their police insider, who's a fellow named Frick.
Because a lot of cops are Nazism. I'm not even
gonna put like timeline on that. A lot of cops.
Let's just let a little bit, okay cool, So Frick,
this cop ensures that the police presence outside the beer
hall is minimal. Like all of the guys running Bavaria

(01:11:13):
are there, but they don't have very many cops protecting them,
and that's by design to make it easier for the
storm troopers. So Hitler sets yeah, I know another thing
that has never happened again, yea. So Hitler's other lackeys,
the guys who aren't like fighters, get set to the
organizing propaganda. One man was set was like put to

(01:11:34):
the job of organizing the distribution of posters and newspapers
announcing the Nazi overthrow of the government. Hitler's half American friend,
a guy named Hunt Stengele that are known as Putsy,
who's like a Harvard graduate um, was in charge of
making stir. The foreign press was there without knowing why
they were there, because Puts a charmer, he's a he's
a like an aristocrat. Guy. He's good at talking to people.

(01:11:56):
He's good talking to like American media, so like the
New York Times has a guy there on this night. Now,
Hitler and his entourage show up at the beer hole
uh that night, like as thousands of people are gathered
up outside to get in to watch von Kar speak,
and Hitler's immediately gets out of his I think it's
a Mercedes, and he's immediately greeted by a crowd of
three thousand people outside the hall because there is very

(01:12:19):
popular in with the right in Munich. So he gets
mobbed by this crowd who wanted to know if, like
he knew what von Kar was going to speak about,
is you know, are we going to succeed? What's happening?
And Hitler's like, I'm just a guest. I'm here like
the rest of you. And he goes inside to get
a beer, and he doesn't get a beer because he
wants to drink it. Hitler's not really a drinker right now,
and then he'll he'll like down like um, some champagne

(01:12:40):
or something. He's not much of a drinker. He has
the beer because Garing has warned him, like, hey, we're
going to try to overthrow the government. We don't want
people to realize we're onto something early. If you're sitting
in a beer hole in Munich with a beer, no
one will suspect that you're planning to break the law
because it's Munich. Um. So Hitler gets a beer and
he's like kind of nursing it. Um and Car takes

(01:13:01):
the podium. Now, car speech is boring and pointless, in
a big bummer to everybody. He just starts like he's
not succeeding. He starts a standard harangue about the evils
of Marxism, about how Munich was going to fight the
contagion and quintessential evil of socialism, pretty normal right wing stuff.
Um And Hitler is reported to have asked his men
during cars speech, does anyone understand what he's talking about? Like?

(01:13:24):
What the fund is this guy doing up there? Him? Yeah,
well this is going on while you know, Hitler and
his kind of inner circle or watching Car speak, and
this beer hall has got thousands of people in it.
Hitler's stormtroopers are assembling nearby. Now, a twenty six year
old cigar a dealer named Josef was the quartermaster. And

(01:13:45):
so he basically like as the troops assembled, he starts
handing out rifles and machine guns and grenades to several
dozen of the Nazi Party's best fighters, the men of
Stostrip Hitler or the Hitler Assault Squad. Now, these guys
wore a gray military uniform with a silver Death's Head
badge on their caps. The star Strup would wind up
evolving into the shoot Staffle, which is the infamous SS right, Like,

(01:14:07):
that's the the guys who, among other things, man the
concentration camps. At this point, they're Hitler street fighters, um,
and are responsible for protecting him and stuff. And these
are the guys he's going to use to be the
the armed fist of his push. Now, before the putch,
Hitler had given his fighters a few suggestions for how
to behave He had told them cruelty impresses, and don't

(01:14:28):
leave a fight unless you're being carried out dead. God,
these are disorders, screen light. Look you only had the
only way you leave is in a bag. Yeah, these
guys are sucking. Um. You know, he's a gangster. This
is a gangster regime. A lot of people at the time, actually,
like a lot of American newspapermen in the twenties and

(01:14:50):
thirties will say this about the Nazis. These people are
working gangsters. Yeah yeah, Now, a little before eight thirty pm,
a hundred stormtroopers swarmed the premises of the Burger Brow
and entered the beer hall, shouting Heil Hitler and waving guns.
Herman Gering, who led the assault team, told the police
officers outside that the government was being overthrown. The dozen

(01:15:10):
or so cops there were easily overpowered. Garing and his
men secured the building, and as he entered he called
for quiet. Now everybody's drunk at this point, so they
don't get quiet. So he has to shoot into the
roof with his handgun. Then he liked basically hands things
over to Hitler, who pulls off his trench coat to
reveal a black suit with two iron crosses pinned to
his lapel. And I'm gonna quote next from a right

(01:15:31):
up by Douglas oh Linder. He jumped up on a table,
pulled out a pistol, and fired two shots into the ceilings.
The second guy who's fired into the ceiling that night,
it keeps happening. It happened several more drinking guys and
fired two shots into the ceiling silence, he yelled. Then
Hitler and several supporters pushed their way to the front
of the room and confronted speaker Car at the podium.
Stormtroopers pointed a machine gun at the crowd. Many who

(01:15:53):
were in the audience leader said that they suspected they
were about to witness an assassination. Hitler shouted to the crowd,
Then national revolution has begun. Six hundred armed men are
occupying this hall. No one may leave. The governments of
Bavaria and in Berlin have been overthrown. Army barracks and
police headquarters are now under the control of this party.
None of this was true, but Hitler hoped and suspected

(01:16:14):
that it would be soon enough. Hitler then told car
and two other important political leaders, General von Lasso and
Colonel von Seisser, that they should join him in a
side room for a conversation about Bavaria's future. After the
men leave, Garing told the crowd, you all have your beer,
keep drinking. You have nothing to worry about. It's gonna
be fine. It's just a butch. Chill out, guys. Nobody

(01:16:36):
has to die. Man, keep drinking. Just no I'm in charge.
That's it. Yeah, we're in charge where the Nazis. It's fine,
it's fine. So Hitler's goal was to convince the Triumvirate
to back his plan. He wanted Bavaria's army units and
police on his side. He doesn't want to fight these guys.
His plan is to do a grander version of what

(01:16:56):
Mussolini had done and start marching with ten's basically all
of the right wingers in the military of Bavaria and
start marching up to Berlin. And he imagines thousands of
people are going to join them on the way, and
once they reach Berlin, they're going to overthrow the liberal
government easily in institute of fascist state run by Hitler
and Ludendorff. And of course for that to happen, they
can't get bogged down fighting the Bavarian state right now. Seisser,

(01:17:20):
loss Ou and car were all pretty close to being
fascists themselves. But these guys are all state loyal right,
they're not revolutionaries. They don't want to overthrow the government.
They want the government to change into a more right
wing government. But they're not like bomb throwers like Hitler
is um. So they didn't want to follow this weird
little Nazi guy in open rebellion against the state. Now,

(01:17:42):
Hitler tried to smooth talk them. He promised them cushy
positions in the new regime. Car is a monarchist and
Hitler tells him like, hey, man, I'm gonna bring back
the King of Bavaria and you can be his envoy
to the government. Isn't that like your dream? Um? Right? Yeah,
So they risk this um Car and Lasso and everyone

(01:18:02):
like they're not they're not on board with this, And
before very long, Hitler did what Hitler's do, and he
starts threatening to murder them at gunpoint. Now, Ludendorff, who
like when the occupation of the beer hall starts, Ludendorff
like some Nazi show up at his house and you're like, hey,
you know that thing you kind of agreed to, we're
doing it. Ludendorff like shows up and it's like, okay,
I guess we'll see if this works. And he's kind

(01:18:23):
of horrified by Hitler's behavior because Ludendorf is a he's
like a classic imperial German manners dude, right, there are
ways in which you, especially these people are nobles. You
don't you don't point a gun in their face, right,
Like that's very ghost and he's not. He doesn't like
Hitler in a lot of ways because Hitler's a fucking,
you know, kind of a peon to him, but he's not,

(01:18:47):
you know, he's he's he's gotten acclimatized to being in
high society. Hitler is very much crude, um damn. And
Ludendorf is kind of like horrified by this, but he's
he's still on board with the general plan because he
wants to take over the government and institute the right
wing military dictatorship. And eventually, now that once Ludendorff shows
up to these guys, car And and Lasso and Sisser

(01:19:11):
kind of agree to help the putsch and agree to
like basically put the powers of the Bavarian state behind
Hitler's push attempt. And they didn't really mean it, but
a guy was threatening to murder them, so they're like,
all right, yeah, yeah. Now, while this was happening, different
armed groups of Nazis were out capturing key parts of

(01:19:33):
the city. The Bavarian War Ministry was taken by Ernst
Rome and his men, including young Heinrich Himler, and they
proceeded to fortify it. Another group of four hundred stormtroopers
was sent to take guns and equipment from the Army
Engineer barracks. Now this is a very fun story because
these Nazis all show up and the captain on duty
who's like in charge of handing out guns and stuff.
They're like, hey, we're here to do maneuvers. Can we

(01:19:55):
borrow the guns? Um? And the captain realizes something is
very fi she and it's like, you can use the guns,
but you can't go on maneuvers outside. You got to
show up inside and like the big gymnasium and then
I'll hand you the guns there and you can do
your maneuvers inside. And so all four hundred Nazis go
into the gymnasium and he locks it from the outside. Brilliant, brilliant.

(01:20:19):
Yeah here here, bro, Yeah, yeah, I got you us
right here there, Yeah, right inside the door, I got you. Yeah.
This guy's name should be remembered. His name is Captain
Oscar Canceler, and he ruled. He he saves the German
state that night. He definitely stays at least for a
little while. You know, it didn't last, but he did
his bit um. So the Nazis who were locked inside

(01:20:41):
couldn't call Hitler to let him know they had the
guns and we're ready to take part in the push.
And Hitler was waiting for that call. Right, He's got
teams going out and seizing places in the city, and
he realizes, like, these dudes haven't called in from the
barracks yet, right, something must be wrong. And this was
a key part of his intricate plan. Uh and he knew.
So this kind of puts Hitler in a bind. Um.

(01:21:01):
He knew that the triumvirate were not enthusiastic about this plan,
and if if he was going to keep them enthusiastic
and like kind of forced them to be enthusiastic his men,
And we're going to have to be in total control
of the city, right, if he could, if he could
really be in charge in Munich, they weren't going to
fight him. They give the army the orders to go
along with it, right because they don't want to die.
But he's got to actually be in charge. And making

(01:21:24):
his first critical mistake, Hitler desize it's necessary for him
to leave the Burger Brow beer hall late that night
to see what's going on at the Engineer barracks. And
he leaves Ludendorff alone with the triumvirate. This is a
bad call. Oh, So Hitler and his Nazis know these
guys are captives. He knows that he's holding them against
their will. He knows that if they're agreeing, it's they're

(01:21:46):
not really that on board with the idea. Ludendorff again
is kind of not being told the entire truth about
what's happening, and he thinks these guys are fellow German patriots,
right um. And he also thought they looked heared you know,
it's been a long night. And he's like, do you
guys want to go home and like take a nap
or something, And they're like, yeah, we would like to

(01:22:06):
go home. And he's like, bro, yeah, man, you guys
are German officers. I, as a German officer, know that
no German officer would ever lie. Give me your word
of honor that you'll come back to help us finish
the coup tomorrow. Yeah, yeah, yeah, we'll be back. What's
time we'll be yeah, they say, of course we'll come back,
of course. Bro, what's I what's I like? Tan? Yeah, yeah, yeah,

(01:22:28):
we'll see you in the morning. Yeah. So some of
the Nazis. There are Nazis in the room too, and
they see Ludendorff doing this, they're like, dude, they're not
gonna come back. And Ludendorff gets pissed at them, and
he's like, I forbid anyone in this room from doubting
the word of a German officer. How dare you? Yeah,

(01:22:49):
when I was a kid, uh, you know, the like
the clue you was about to get knocked out but
robbed by somebody like hey, hey, hey, hey, I'll borrow
you a phone right quick, let me use your phone. Yeah,
Well you would look and be like, don't get that
man your phone. Do not walk over there and get
at mean, what are you talking my many? You just
want to borrow my phone. Don't give him your phone?

(01:23:12):
And what do you do? You keep walking bro like hey,
hey man, come on, let me just use it right quick? No,
man like like you know what do you what do you?
What do you? What are you doing? What are you doing? Well?
There it is now you're now you're sleeping. Hey, just
put you to sleep, and your barefoot The guy just
stole your shoes. I told you not to. Yeah, so

(01:23:33):
that that's totally funny. Like the guys in room saying yeah.
The boss is like, yeah, let him go take a nap,
and the dudes are like, hey, I don't think that's
a good idea. Man, you really think they're gonna come back? Like,
I don't think they're gonna come back. Hey, boss, maybe
you shouldn't let them leave you kind of seeing this
why Ludendorff didn't win the war, right, like this good idea? Coach, Yeah,

(01:23:55):
hey boss, this might not be the plan. So that
is where we're gonna leave it in part one. General
Ludendorff the genius of German military tactics. It's just let
everyone go that he needs in order to make Germans
don't lie, German officers don't lie. Um, I swear to

(01:24:17):
you're coming back. I'll bring back. Yeah, absolutely tons of coffee.
We're gonna we're gonna putch the hell out of this state.
Give me a minute, Yeah, let me get a nap.
Um prop you want to plug any plug doubles before
we roll out and then man I do. Yeah, you
can follow me on all the things. Proper hip hop
got a podcast called The Politics will Prop that um

(01:24:37):
given all the good takes, uh and UM I got
some T shirts and music. A lot of music rolling
out this year, so I can't wait to show you
all that is like the highest quality. Like I wear
his shirts all the time. Yeah, I try to. They're
all they're all like, they're all like you know, uh,
ethically sourced and recyclable material. Yeah. Yeah, So that's me

(01:25:02):
highly recommend And you can find me somewhere on the
internet if if you first told me in your heart,
but only then, only if I am with you. You
can follow me on Twitter. I'm underscore, Sophie Underscore. Why yeah,
happy plugged for myself. You should and uh yeah, check

(01:25:28):
out Sophie, check out prop find me in your heart
and come back on Thursday to hear the thrilling conclusion
of put put tabulous. There you go, Yes, but Sam, Yes,

(01:25:51):
what girls in the forest our imagination and our family bonds.
The forest is closer than you think. Find a forest
near you and discover the forest dot Org. Brought to
you by the United States Forest Service and the ad Council.
Adoption of teams from foster care is a topic not
enough people know about, and we're here to change that.

(01:26:11):
I'm April Dinuity, host of the new podcast Navigating Adoption
presented by adopt Us Kids. Each episode brings you compelling,
real life adoption stories told by the families that lived them,
with commentary from experts. Visit adopt us Kids dot org,
slash podcast, or subscribe to Navigating Adoption presented by adopt
Us Kids, brought to you by the U. S Department

(01:26:32):
of Health, that Human Services Administration for Children and Families,
and the AD Council. Look for your children's eyes and
you will discover the true magic of a forest. Find
a forest near you and start exploring it. Discover the
Forest dot Org, brought to you by the United States
Forest Service and the ad Council.

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