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August 21, 2021 18 mins

On their many attempts to reach the North Pole, Robert Peary and Matthew Henson spent a lot of time in northwest Greenland. So much time that they, like many explorers before them, formed intimate relationships with Inughuit women. Their sons from those unions, Kali Peary and Anaukaq Henson, grew up in their Arctic communities never knowing their fathers.


But in the 1980s, an ambitious Harvard neuroscientist brought Kali and Anaukaq to the United States to meet their American relatives. It was a joyous, unforgettable experience—but the family reunion also brought up some painful memories and uncomfortable questions. 

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Episode Transcript

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Speaker 1 (00:02):
The Quest for the North Pole is a production of
I Heart Radio and Mental Floss. Picnic tables grown under
platters of homemade barbecued chicken, corn bread and collar greens,
a vast buffet of yams, corn rice and okra steams
in the early summer afternoon cakes and ice cream a

(00:25):
weight dessert. The whole spread, laid out in the elegant
backyard of a home in Milton, Massachusetts, has been prepared
to welcome visitors from a tiny village in northern Greenland.
It's late May seven and the eighty year old sons
of explorers Robert Peary and Matthew Henson, named Callie Peery

(00:47):
and a Naucock Henson are in America to meet their relatives.
Matthew Henson's great niece, all of Henson Fulton cooked the
lunch for the family reunion and cousins friends all gather
on the lawn to welcome their inuite kin. After introductions
made through an interpreter, Kelly Analco, and their family members

(01:10):
have their initial taste of soul food. They proclaim the
chicken as tasty as Greenland birds and the ham as
sweet as polar bear. They play music and dance to
eighties pop, and the Inuite sang songs to thank their
American hosts. They offer beautiful carvings and other crafts as gifts,

(01:32):
while Fulton gives each of the men a combination radio
and tape recorder so they can listen to a nooktone
radio broadcasts back home. As the celebration winds down that evening,
and now Cock's Sun remarks, this has been a great
day for our family, perhaps the greatest ever. The cookout

(01:53):
was the result of a huge multinational effort led by
an unstoppable Harvard neuroscientist named sell Encounter to bring the
Intuite and American branches of the families together for the
first time. Here we're living, breathing representatives of Perry and
Henson's history, making expeditions in the flesh. It was a joyous,

(02:17):
unforgettable experience, but the occasion also brought up some painful
memories and uncomfortable questions. From Mental Floss and I Heart Radio.

(02:38):
You're listening to the Quest for the North Pole. I'm
your host, Cat Long, science editor at Mental Floss, and
this episode is family reunions. In several episodes of the

(03:02):
Quest for the North Pole. We looked at how Robert
Perry engaged Inuite assistance to perform essential tasks on his trips,
from sewing to building igloos to driving sleds. Women, usually
the wives of the hunters, prepared furs for new clothing
and were an omnipresent but under appreciated part of the expeditions.

(03:26):
Perhaps it is not much of a surprise that the
men on perious expeditions, including Henson and Perry himself, had
relationships with Innuhite women. There's a long record of Arctic
explorers having intimate relationships with women they met in the
polar regions, going back at least as far as the
British search for the Northwest Passage in the early nineteenth century.

(03:51):
Many of those upright naval men were shocked at the
relative freedom between Innuwit wives and husbands, and the ease
with which husbands share their wives or wives chose to
be intimate with white explorers. That trend continued into the
twentieth century with Perry's quests to reach the poll Even

(04:12):
before the first expedition, he was already mulling the dynamics
between his crews of American men and the inuite women
they did encounter in the Arctic. He wrote in his diary,
it is asking too much of masculine human nature to
expect it to remain in an Arctic climate, enduring constant

(04:32):
hardship without one relieving feature. Feminine companionship not only causes
greater contentment, but as a matter of both mental and
physical health and the retention of the top notch of manhood,
it is a necessity. Of course, these relationships were not equal.

(04:54):
Perry's arrival in the inuite community meant a disruption to
their daily life and sometimes to their family dynamics. Peary
was seen as the man who supplied guns, knives, materials
for sleds and homes, and many more essential goods. In return.
As ken Harper mentioned in our previous Bonus episode, the

(05:16):
inuite worked for Peery in whichever capacity he needed. Both
Peery and the inuite seemingly viewed Perry's intimate relationships as transactional.
None of this went over well with Josephine Debitch Perry,
his wife, whom he married in Though she was just

(05:36):
as adventurous as her husband and accompanied him on several
of his expeditions, she also raised their two children, Marie
and Robert Jr. In Washington when Peery was up North.
Josephine was humiliated and crushed when she discovered her husband's
infidelity with an inuite woman named ale Cassina, who had

(05:57):
given birth to a son, A N. Alcock, not to
be confused with Henson's son in d Ala. Cassina's second son, Callie,
was born on the S S. Roosevelt in nineteen o six,
suggesting that Peery maintained his connection with her over multiple expeditions.
For many of his expeditions with Peery, Matthew Henson was single.

(06:20):
He and his first wife, Eva Flint, divorced in and
he married his second wife, Lucy Ross in en seven.
He had no children with either woman, but in the
ten year gap between marriages he had a relationship with
an in a white woman named Akatingwa. Exactly when they

(06:41):
met and how long the relationship lasted are unclear, but
we do know that it was happening during Perry's second
real attempt at the North Pole from nineteen o five
to nineteen o six. Henson's son, an Alcock, was also
born aboard the S. S. Roosevelt in nineteen o six,
the year before Henson married Lucy Ross. He may or

(07:02):
may not have known that he was An Alcock's father,
and Alcock's children and their children are Henson's only direct descendants.
Pierry and Henson returned to Greenland in nine eight for
their final quest for the poll. When Peery declared that
he had done what he had gone there to do.
Neither men ever returned to Greenland or saw their sons again.

(07:27):
Peery's son, Analcock, died when he was twenty seven. As
Callie told the anthropologist Jean Mallory in nineteen fifty one,
I never heard a word from my illustrious father, nor
did I ever receive any money. All I have of
his is a photograph I cut out of a magazine.
Yet I remember him very well. We lived on his

(07:49):
big ship with our mother, and he was nice to us.
Mallorie met Kellie and Nalcock Henson while living among the Inuite,
and found the fact that Peery and Sen where their
fathers was no secret. Both sons peppered Mallory for information
about their families in America. At the time, Matthew Henson

(08:09):
was still alive and living in New York City, but
Pierry had been dead for over thirty years. Mallory revealed
the existence of Kellie and a Nalcock to the rest
of the world in his best selling book The Last
Kings of Tuli, but afterwards, seemingly no researchers contacted the
explorers in Nui descendants until s Allen Counter went looking

(08:35):
for them in the nineteen eighties. We'll be right back,

(08:57):
The Amsterdam News called s Allen Counter the most interesting
man in the world. Raised in a segregated neighborhood of
Boynton Beach, Florida, Counter grew up on the grounds of
the tuberculosis hospital where his mother worked. Perhaps that experience
influenced his interest in studying medicine. He joined Harvard Medical

(09:18):
School as a post doc, then rose up the ranks
as a neurophysiologist. He also conducted field research in the
Andes in the Amazon Basin as part of a wide
ranging career at the university. In nine, Counter spearheaded the
Harvard Foundation for Intercultural and Race Relations, which promotes intercultural awareness.

(09:42):
During his time as a visiting professor in Sweden, Counter
began hearing rumors about Arctic descendants of Pierie and Henson
from his colleagues. In his book North Pole Legacy, Counter
writes that he read every book and article he could
find about the explorer's descendants found nothing beyond rumor or innuendo.

(10:04):
Apparently he missed Maori's account. He decided to go to
Greenland to investigate a task that involved asking the Danish
and US governments for permission to fly to Tooley Air Base,
the northernmost American military base in the world, and then
helicoptering to the tiny village of more Usuk and there

(10:25):
he met a Nalco Henson and his large family, who
assumed Counter was their relative because of his dark skin.
A few weeks later, he met Kelly and his family
in a village about forty miles away. Counter discovered that
for generations, the Greenland descendants remembered and retold the stories

(10:45):
of Pieri's in Henson's time in their communities. All were
proud of their American heritage, especially an Alcock. Because the
whole community held Matthew Henson in extremely high regard. They
also expressed a strong interest in meeting their American half siblings, cousins, nieces,
and nephews in the US. Counter decided to make it happen.

(11:10):
He called the plan the North Pole Family Reunion. He
promised an Alcock and Kelly that he would find out
as much about their American relatives as possible. When he
returned to the US and Cold called members of the
American Henson's and Peery's, they had opposite reactions. Henson's great niece,

(11:32):
all of Henson Fulton, and her family were ecstatic. As
a young girl, Fulton told him she had been kicked
out of class for telling everybody about her great uncle
who had reached the North Pole. Her teacher had thought
she was lying. The insult made her determined to share
Henson's story with as many people as she could. When

(11:55):
Counter told her of his discovery, she couldn't wait to
welcome an Alcock and his family to Boston. The Peries
reacted differently. A family spokesman seemed to suspect Counter of
trying to call Peri's accomplishments into question, or, worse, stir
up the bitter controversy between Peery and Frederick Cook over

(12:17):
who conquered the North Pole first. They wanted nothing to
do with their Arctic relatives. Edward Peery, Stafford the Explorer's
grandson later told The Washington Post that the family was
well aware of Peri's infidelity, but that obviously it's not
something you talk about because it was very hurtful to

(12:37):
my grandmother. Stafford added, Henson and Perry were up there
at one time for four years. It's a miracle there
was only one descendant of each. Human beings are human.
You can't send a man into a situation like that
and expect otherwise. Despite that lackluster response, counter went ahead

(12:58):
with the reunion plans, and some of the Peries did
join the festivities. When counter bypassed the family spokesman and
called Robert Pery Jr. Directly, Robert and his wife agreed
to a visit with his half brother, Calli and his
family in their home in Maine. Two distant Peri relatives
attended a reception with the Henson's and Arctic visitors before

(13:20):
the big cookout. In the days following the party, Callie
and a Naucock attended a lavish banquet in their honor
at Harvard University, then traveled to important sites in their
father's lives. They toured the Explorers Club and Harlem's Abyssinian
Baptist Church to which Henson belonged. They visited Henson's birthplace

(13:42):
in Nanjimoy, Maryland, and Peri's grave at Arlington National Cemetery,
and now Cock paid his respects to his father at
Woodlawn Cemetery in the Bronx, where Henson was buried in nine.
At each stop, throngs of dignitaries and invited guests welcomed
the visitors and jostled to shake their hands while newspaper

(14:04):
reporters and photographers clicked away. Their whirlwind tour lasted two weeks,
after which the Inuite returned to their home villages in Greenland. Sadly,
less than a month later, the Nalcock died of cancer.
Counter continued his efforts to share Matthew Henson's story and

(14:26):
give him the recognition he deserved. Before the north Pole
family reunion took place, he had launched a campaign to
have Henson's remains removed from Woodlawn Cemetery and placed next
to Peery's in Arlington National Cemetery, and honor he felt
was befitting a co discoverer of the North Pole, and

(14:47):
to honor Henson's wishes, he promised a Nalcock that if
he succeeded, his children and grandchildren would be there to
see it. Counter wasn't the first one to try to
make this happen. In nineteen sixty six, Senator Joseph Tidings,
a Democrat from Maryland, introduced a bill to remove Henson's

(15:07):
remains to Arlington. Evidently, it went nowhere. In five Counter
had written to President Ronald Reagan and the military asking
for permission for the reburial, and it was denied. He
then wrote to the First Lady, Cabinet secretaries and the media,
which got behind the idea, especially after a now Cox

(15:29):
and Callie's visits to their father's graves. In October seven,
the Department of the Army changed its mind and granted
Counter's request. A group of Henson relatives and John H. Johnson,
the publisher of Ebony and Jet magazines and a longtime
admirer of Henson, joined Counter in organizing and planning the undertaking.

(15:53):
They chose April sixth, the seventy ninth anniversary of the
date PEERI claimed to have reached the North Pole for
the ceremony, re entering Henson and his wife Lucy, who
had passed away in three of a now Cocks sons
and two grandsons, and Olive Henson Fulton represented the Henson family.

(16:16):
Among the two hundred invited guests was civil rights leader
Dorothy Height, a good friend of Lucy's, who delivered her eulogy.
Members of the Peerie family were invited but couldn't make it.
According to The New York Times, NASA astronaut Guy Blueford,
the first black American in space, delivered a salute to

(16:38):
the explorer who came before him next to the granite
headstone featuring a likeness of Henson. The new burial plot
was right next to Peery's resting place, marked by its
huge globe shaped monument. Speaking for the in a white
branch of the family and now Cock's youngest son, Kidlock, said,

(16:59):
now the old friends are together again, they can talk
about old times. The Quest for the North Pole is

(17:22):
hosted by Me Cat Long. This episode was researched and
written by Me, with fact checking by Austin Thompson. The
executive producers are Aaron McCarthy and Tyler Klang. The supervising
producer is Dylan Fagan. The show is edited by Dylan
Fagan for transcripts, a glossary, and to learn more about

(17:43):
this episode, visit Mental flaws dot com slash podcast. The
Quest for the North Pole is a production of I
heart Radio and Mental floss. For more podcasts from my
heart Radio, check out the I heart Radio app, Apple Podcasts,
or wherever you get your podcasts. For more podcasts for

(18:12):
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