Epigenetics

Today, Doug Pike interviews Gabriel Fries, PhD about epigenetics.

Episode Transcript

Speaker 1 (00:01):
Remember when it was impossible to misplace the TV remote
right because you were the TV remote. Remember when music
sounded like this, Remember when social media was truly social?

Speaker 2 (00:17):
Hey John, how's it going today?

Speaker 1 (00:20):
Well?

Speaker 2 (00:20):
This show is all about you die. This is fifty
plus with Doug Pike.

Speaker 1 (00:27):
Helpful information on your finances, good health, and what to
do for fun. Fifty plus brought to you by the
ut Health Houston Institute on Aging, Informed Decisions for a healthier,
happier life.

Speaker 2 (00:42):
And now fifty plus with Doug Pike. All right, here
we go. Thursday edition of the program starts right now.
Welcome to this latest What are we up to about?
Eight forty eight fifty now? Well somewhere in there? All right,
well there, yeah, sort of like the previous ones, except
with different words. Bellies getting a little dark and pudgy
out there. Now, don't bet against afternoon shower or showers.

(01:09):
And I'm not talking about in the house. I'm talking
about outside. Gonna take care of your yard for another
couple of days without having to water and should not
come to as a surprise to anybody who lives in
this region, and not just in Houston, all the way
across the South, all the way down to South Florida

(01:30):
from about I twenty down. You're gonna have humidity, You're
gonna have afternoon showers. This time of year, there's so
much water in the in the atmosphere, and it's either
falling or rising constantly, constantly. We usually get a little
bit of a break at night, thank goodness. But it's

(01:51):
not gonna change for a while. In a quick look
at the weather overall, decreasing chances of rain as we
get into the weekend, and then far more importantly than that,
the you know what map shows absolutely nothing at present
and isn't expected to change in the next week. Now,

(02:12):
I'm not a big truster in that whole no development
expected for seven days thing, but then again, I'm still
pretty happy to see it. When the options would be
something yellow, orange, or red, or a mixture of all
three popping up which will happen eventually during this summer,

(02:34):
happens every summer we get storms. It would be just
a fool's errand a fools wish to think that there
would be a season with no hurricanes, no tropical storms,
no tropical depressions, no none of that. And I just
hope that wherever they land, They land gently and get

(02:55):
that heck out of there as fast as they can.
In case you believe, if any of you, I'm not
sure many of you would, but in case you believed
some of the left leaning media, by the way, the
just rapid succession, rapid fire, succession of chicken, little reports
of doom and gloom for our economy, for the world,
for oil, for anything good and wholesome to come from

(03:20):
what happened a few days ago. That was all wrong.
Matter of fact, all four of the indicators I watch
were up more than half a point each a little
while ago. Profit taking algorithms probably gonna probably pull those
numbers down a little bit by day's end, but overall
a solid day for investors. Oil was up, but only
by a few cents, and not any dollars, only sixty

(03:44):
six dollars a barrel. After peaking right in the midst
of it all, in the midst of the oh my god,
what's gonna happen next, it only peaked at about seventy
four seventy five dollars, and it's already back down to
sixty six, sitting kind of nice at three point thirty one.
Same time I checked the oil I haven't checked my

(04:05):
own oil in a long time. As a matter of fact,
I haven't really thought about that much. Used to be
when when our generation grew up what we were. Many
of us, including myself, are old enough to remember pulling
into the gas station, hearing that, seeing the little black
rubber cord across the floor there that triggered the bell inside.

(04:30):
You'd roll over that ding dingling ling, and out would
pop the serviceman who would come out and pump your gas,
check your oil. They'd check the transmission fluid too, if
you asked them, check the air in all four tires,
put the hood down. About the same time your tank
was full of gasoline. That costs twenty nine thirty forty

(04:54):
cents a gallon. What's the lowest pop quiz Will? What
is the lowest amount you recall paying for a gallon
of gasoline? Or even as a kid, just seeing it,
seeing it riding around with your parents.

Speaker 3 (05:11):
Yeah, I mean when I started driving, when I was sixteen,
I think I was paying it was probably like a
little over two dollars, a little.

Speaker 2 (05:23):
Over two dollars. There were what we called back then
gas wars, back in the day Will, in which the
there would be stations on opposite corners at a big intersection,
more than one. It's more than one in a lot
of places in Houston still too, and out in the
burbs where I live, more than one station, and they

(05:45):
would get in kind of a battle over who could
bring their prices the lowest to get the most business. Clearly,
you're cutting your margins every time you take a penny
off a gallon of gas, and especially when it was
less than a dollar a gallon. I saw on gas
station signs out front, nothing electronics. Somebody had to get

(06:07):
on ladder and put the numbers up there so you
knew how much it was. Less than twenty cents a gallon,
less than twenty cents a gallon during a couple of
gas wars I specifically remember from the it would have
been the late early It would have been the early
and mid sixties, somewhere in there. Maybe a little late, No,

(06:28):
not any later than that. I don't believe it got
that low ever again, and never will not in this country.
There are countries around the world where gasoline still is
less than a dollar a gallon. Mostly there are communist
countries where hardly anybody has a car anyway, and the
petrochemical industries are controlled by the government, and they just
keep flooding that stuff out there because they're making so

(06:50):
much money selling it to other countries that they can
afford to keep their gasoline cheap. At some point, we're
going to be back to energy independence, back to producing
enough oil to take care of ourselves and to be
a big player in the export market. And that'll be fun.
You'll see gas go down quite significantly lower. Speaking of

(07:14):
I guess all this, however, you wanted to find that
CNN was very quick to report that the Iran strike
would cause oil places or prices to skyrocket, and there
in some other left side news source actually claimed it
would be the start of World War three, neither of
which happened, not a bit of it. Nothing horrible happened

(07:34):
except to those nuclear facilities. And all of a sudden
at the end of that after after Israel and Iran
at the beginning or right before a ceasefire was supposed
to start, they threw a couple of rockets at each
other and then got over that pretty quickly. And so far,

(07:56):
so good. Knock on wood, holding up over there, and
they're they're not battling. Was it like a twelve day war.
We're out well already. You can talk, you can you
can you can cure your mic and you can say,
hey man, we gotta go do that at about thirty
seconds next time. Okay, that'd be awesome. Thank you. A

(08:20):
late health also awesome. This is the the vascular clinic
where you can go and be treated for a number
of different things. Go to the go to the website
and get an idea of what they can do with
vascular procedures, which basically means going in and either opening
up a vein or artery or whatever to make it
move more blood or plugging it up so that it

(08:42):
moves as little as no blood anymore to wherever it's headed.
They can do great work with ugly veins. They can
make those go away. That's kind of a that's a
basic procedure. The procedure they do most often at a
late health is prostrate artery embolization for the guys, so
that anybody who's got an enlarge, non cancerous prostate can

(09:02):
be relieved of the annoying symptoms. Therefrom fibroids and women
some head pains, all kinds of different things. They do
at late Health, all done right there in the clinic,
all done usually within a couple of hours. You're gonna
need somebody to drive you home after a major procedure.
But this is so it's minimally all of it's minimally invasive,

(09:25):
which is really nice and also nice. Most of it
paid for by Medicare and Medicaid. They do regenerative medicine too.
I didn't mention that, and that's very important for people
who deal with chronic pain. Nobody should have to do that.
Go to the website a latehealth dot com, take a
look at what they do, and then make a phone call,
set up a consultation, set up an appointment, and see

(09:47):
if you can't get some really good help with something
that you thought it might be harder to help than
it will be with a late seven one three, five, eight,
eight thirty eight eighty eight seven one three five eight
eight eight eighty eight. What's life without a NET? I
suggest to go to bed, sleep it off, just wait
until this show's over. Sleepy.

Speaker 1 (10:09):
Back to Doug Pike as fifty plus continues. All right,
welcome back to fifty plus. Thanks for hanging out with
us today.

Speaker 2 (10:15):
We'll talk in this segment about something once again a
good many of us know little or nothing about. And
I'll raise my hand as a member of that club,
although I did do a little looking earlier. The subject
is epigenetics, and I just so happened to have an
expert in that field on the phone. Welcome to the
to fifty plus, Doctor Gabriel Freese, a so assistant professor

(10:38):
in ut Hell Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Wing whose focus
is on mood disorders and stress. Boy, there's a lot
of that going around.

Speaker 4 (10:46):
Huh, doc, Yes, Hi, thanks for having me. A's excited
to be here.

Speaker 2 (10:53):
It's my pleasure. So I cheated a little while ago
and asked AI what epigenetics was, and here's what it said.
It's that epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in
gene expression that occur without alterations to the underlying DNA sequence. Essentially,
it's about how factors like environment and development can influence

(11:13):
which genes are turned on or off, impacting traits without
changing the DNA code itself. Miss anything there?

Speaker 4 (11:21):
Very simple? Yeah, I mean I can help you with that.
You know, let's talk a little bit about biology. But sure,
think of you know, we all we all know or
we've heard of genetics and DNA, right, and think of
our DNA as, say, you know, are a book with
all of the codes and words that sort of builder.

(11:43):
They serve as a blueprint for building and maintaining you
your body and the way that you like you live.
How we read this book, how we read these these
sentences in these worlds, at these words. That's what epigenetics
is there for. So think of epigenetics as for example,
the notes on the margins of this book, or you know,

(12:04):
the bookmarks and now that are telling you skip this line,
go to page sixty one, et cetera. So you know,
in other words, the concept that you just read just
telling us that that's epigenetics encompasses all of those mechanisms
that our body has to change, how our DNA works,

(12:24):
how much is it it is expressed or repressed without
actually changing the cold itself. Right, Because we inherit our
DNA sequences from our parents, and unless we're exposed to
like very high radiation levels, et cetera, we're going to
die with the same sequence of DNA that look were born.
So much so that we can use that right in

(12:45):
forensics and all that, but the way we live our lives,
what we eat, how much we exercise, all that changes
how our body reads these DNA sequences. And that's that's
epigenetics in a nutshell.

Speaker 2 (13:00):
It's like covers for songs. Maybe there's a there's an
original song and then a lot of people cover it
and you can still recognize the song, but it's just
their song at that point.

Speaker 4 (13:10):
Yeah, or even I mean that that's a good analogy.
I also think of it as, for example, the like
the the actual way that the song is written, and
then you have you know that the conductor giving instructions
to the orchestra about how that song is should be interpreted,

(13:32):
if you will, So the the conductor would be sort
of the epigenetic guy there telling us, Okay, this is
how we're going to do this line, this is how
we're going to play this part of the song. Even
though the song itself, you know, meaning our DNA which
remain the same, but it can be interpreted by many
different conductors.

Speaker 2 (13:51):
Yeah, that's that's pretty solid right there. So how and
when do these types of changes begin to appear in people.

Speaker 4 (13:58):
From the moment, you know, from the moment we're formed
basically you know, epigenetics actually drives everything. It drives changes
in our cells, right, So that's an interesting concept to
think that the DNA sequence in the cells that are
part of our muscles are the same sequences of the

(14:20):
cells that are part of our brains, for example. So
it's it's through epigenetic mechanisms that a neuron looks like
a neuron even though it has the same sequence of
you know, a muscle cell, and the muscle cell looks
like a muscle cell. And because these are dynamic changes,
what we do in our lives, the environment per se

(14:41):
can change these these mechanisms, right, And so if we
have a specific type of diet, if we exercise, if
we smoke, if we take medications, et cetera, et cetera,
those things can change our epigenetics and influence how we age,
you know, going straight into the aging story.

Speaker 2 (15:02):
Sure, so, doctor Gabriel Freeze on fifty plus. So, if
if we can influence the way our DNA is interpreted
and get into the epigenetics, at what point are we
going to be able to reprogram some of these cells
that trigger arthritis or poor eyesight or anything like that.

(15:23):
Is that possible?

Speaker 4 (15:26):
You know, to some extent it already is. So you know,
there are studies trying to modulate epigenetic mechanisms by different means.
Again going back to the main culprits like diet, exercises,
et cetera, there are already very well controlled, well conducted
studies showing that if you if you do an intervention

(15:47):
that focuses in some of those changes, you can change
your your epigenetics in a way that's beneficial to you. Right.
And so for example, like I've alluded to, one of
the things that you can estimate, you know, in a
in a scientific say in a lab for example our university,
we can estimate more or less how old someone is

(16:08):
biologically speaking, right, based on your on your epigenetics, and
that influences a lot of things. Right, So it's it's
it's what we call epigenetic age. So you're your chronological age,
which is how we call that is determined by the
day and the years in which you were born. Right.
Basically the number of candles you put on top of

(16:30):
your birthday key that will you know, just continuously uh
continuously increase no matter what you do. This is different
from the age of our cells. Persue of our body, right,
So I mean just an extent, it's influenced by how
old we are chronologically. But again, if I don't ever
do anything beneficial, I'm likely going to have cells that

(16:53):
are older biologically than what I am chronologically. And I
think we all know, you know that one person that
looks like they're six years old and you ask and
they're actually very high correct.

Speaker 3 (17:06):
And so.

Speaker 4 (17:08):
This is the kind of approach that we can now
benefit from. And perhaps having this this laboratory measure that
can tell us more or less the the wear and
care of our body, and potentially we used to prevent
a lot of you know consequences clinically, so cognitive decline,

(17:29):
you know, memory loss, higher risk of cardiovascular diseases, cancer,
like I said, dementche et cetera, et cetera. So it
becomes possible once we now are able to estimate these
things in the lab.

Speaker 2 (17:46):
Yeah, it's interesting to me. We've only got maybe close
to a minute left, but it's interesting. And I'm thinking
as you're talking about a heart, for example, genetically someone
might end up with a very the familial issue that
makes their heart weaker. However, if they exercise and eat
a good diet, that heart's going to stay healthier longer,

(18:09):
right exactly.

Speaker 4 (18:11):
So that's, you know, an environmental way to modify or
modulate that risk that you were born with. And so
it's you know, it's ultimately for me, it's a message
of hope that we can actually modify some of the
risk and susceptibilities that we are born with through changes
in epigenetics.

Speaker 2 (18:30):
That sounds fantastic to me. Thank you. This has been
very interesting and I'm very uplifted here at the end
of it all too. I think it's a it's a
wake up call for all of us to make the
most out of what we've been given and then go
that extra step with epigenetics to make it even better.
Wonderful sir, Thank you so much. I appreciate it. I

(18:52):
hate to do it, but we gotta go. We'll take
a little break here on the way out. I'm going
to tell you about Optima iron Doors. If you want
a beautiful new door and you want to get a
good deal on it. Now through July, Optima iron Doors
has its big summer sale going on. Optima iron Doors
available exclusively through Primo Doors over there on North Post Oak.

(19:15):
They've got a nice comfortable showroom where you can see
several dozen different doors and handle sets and locking mechanisms,
all of which you can choose from to get exactly
what you want on the front of your house or
the side or inside your house, depending on where you
need new doors. They have those big forged iron doors.

(19:39):
They've got the sleek, new narrow profile iron doors, and
every one of those doors is crafted to fit your
space at your house. A lot of these door companies,
especially the iron doors, they're a cookie cutter size. They're
all one kind of one size fits all, and what
they'll do is sell you that door and then they
have to come in and pretty much rip up the

(20:01):
front of your house. Optima Iron Doors custom makes each
of those doors so it fits the existing door space
unless you want something bigger. They can put as big
a door on your house as you want, but they
take great pride. And I had a wood door installed
before before Optima started. I got it through Primo Doors

(20:21):
and the installers were incredible. They did a fantastic job
of putting that door up there and then came back
out after my yard guy actually messed up something on
the bottom of it down there, came back out, took
care of it for nothing, took care of it for nothing.
Great people. They run a great company. This is Jason Fortenberry.
I'm talking about steel, by the way, the steel doors,

(20:44):
which are all made in North America. Here, nothing's coming
over on a ship. Steel doors have less maintenance than wood,
and the wood doors don't have that much. You're not
gonna have to do anything to that steel door for
quite some time except just stand on the curb now
and then and admire how it looks on your house.
Optima irondors dot com is the website. The showroom over

(21:06):
there on North Post Oak, very close to the Galleria
Optima iron Doors dot com.

Speaker 1 (21:12):
And they sure don't make them like they used to.
That's why every few months we wash him, check his fluids,
and spring on a fresh coat o wax. This is
fifty plus with Doug Pike to fifty plus.

Speaker 2 (21:24):
And thanks for listening, certainly to appreciate that I was
letting will know that tomorrow we'll have two guests, one
of whom is an MD Anderson cancer surgeon who especially
this is it's going to be high level stuff all
the way across the board. He's an MD Anderson surgeon.

(21:46):
He deals with primarily pancreatic cancer, which is really that's
a hard diagnosis to get. I know two people who
died of pancreatic cancer within months of being diagnosed. It
just kind of crept up on them. They weren't aware
of it and all of a sudden, Yeah, this is

(22:07):
what you've got, and it's already pretty advanced. It was
really sad. It's a very it's a brutal, brutal disease.
In addition to that, he is also heavily involved with
robotics in the er, and we're going to talk about
robotic surgery some as well, So that will be a
good one Tomorrow. It would be in this segment, I believe,

(22:28):
twelve thirty kickoff, and I truly hope you get to
hear it. Twelve thirty, No, it'd be twelve what is it,
twelve thirty five or six we come back in in
any event, that's what's going to be going on there,
So I hope you get a chance to hear it.
All right, moving forward from there, let me get back
over to my little pages. Oh, by the way, I

(22:49):
mentioned yesterday that there is room in fifty plus for
maybe I think two would be a stretch. Will to
take two more? Could we do it? Yeah? We can? Well,
what if I do, you'll just have to deal with it. Well,
I mean it'll take take a little time.

Speaker 3 (23:08):
It'll take about let's say conservatively three minutes off the show.

Speaker 2 (23:13):
No, I can take care of that. I'll make it.
I'll make it right.

Speaker 3 (23:16):
If you can do if you add two more, let's
say right now we have we have about five people.

Speaker 2 (23:22):
In our slots each each day.

Speaker 3 (23:24):
Yeah, so I and I think if you can get
it down to thirty to forty five seconds per you
can add I can.

Speaker 2 (23:33):
Probably do that. I can. I'm a storyteller. You know
that it's hard for me to shut up. Yeah. But
and I owe these people. They're sponsoring this show. They're
the reason we're on the air. So I give as
much as I can give, and I'm not gonna I'm
not gonna change that now. If I have to get
a little closer to what it's supposed to be, I could.

(23:56):
I suppose I could do that for you, help you
out a little bit. But otherwise we're gonna just rock
and roll. Man. So two more. And I had I
mentioned yesterday, I had somebody ask me the other day
about a plumber. I had. Somebody asked me the other
day about a roofer, and right now I have neither one.
So if you are or no a legitimate, trustworthy I'm

(24:21):
not gonna say cheap, because that's good work doesn't come cheap.
But somebody who could be trusted to come into a
home and solve a problem, be it plumbing or roofing,
come onto a home for the roofing, I guess, then
let's talk. Let's talk. I'd like to get that done,
all right, moving on from there. We took care of that.

(24:43):
We took care of that. No, we didn't. I'm gonna
go to this. It was very interesting. I saw a
piece yesterday about a syndrome, and I don't recall the
specific name, but it's a syndrome that basically says dumb
people uneducated people. Not uneducated doesn't necessarily go hand in
hand with ignorant or dumb or I don't like stupid.

(25:07):
That's just that's not a good word. It's not a
kind word. But anyway, people who aren't as intelligent as
average people or more than average people will so badly
want to believe something that they will eventually accept it
as the truth if it's told to them enough times.

(25:29):
That's one reason that news media outlets, especially the television outlets,
tend to tend to say exactly the same things. There
are all these collages out there now that just show
one hundred different network newsreaders and the six o'clock news

(25:49):
saying exactly the same thing, because if that message is
repeated enough times, no matter how false it may be,
there's a significant part of this population of ours, of
the population of the world. Oh Golley, So many people
said that it's got to be true. They have no
critical thinking whatsoever. They don't go out and look for

(26:12):
their own information, so they just take it as gospel eventually,
and to lock the false narrative in their minds, they
just shouted over and over to anybody who will listen
to their bullhorn on the street corner. Listen to them,
sounding uneducated and uninformed and having no clue that that's
where they are. That's how societies get overthrown. And part

(26:37):
of that comes from the issue we have with education now.
That woman who runs the Chicago Teachers Union, I think
saying every one of your kids belongs to them and
not to you, every child in Chicago belongs to the
school district, not to the kid's parents. The story out

(26:59):
of Houston, actually right here in Houston, the story about
a family that has filed a federal lawsuit against HISD.
You're not seeing much of that in the mainstream news,
by the way, but a family has filed a federal
suit because HISD continued to socially transition their daughter to

(27:22):
being a boy in school. Even after the parents found
out about it and went up there and said you
can't do that. They said, okay, yeah, don't worry, Yeah,
we'll handle it, and then they just kept right on
doing it, kept right on doing it. So there's a
federal lawsuit and I hope HISD gets gets corrected for

(27:47):
doing that. That's not you know it. Once somebody hits eighteen,
they can do whatever they want to do. But until then,
the parents do have some say over what happens to
their children. And for something that is and life changing
is that the parents need to know about it and
at least have a voice in what's going on. That's

(28:09):
why the Alliance Defending Freedom stepped in and helped this
family fillow that suit from the you gotta go again
without without any notice. I'm sorry, I gave you an
extra minute. I didn't ask for it, you got it.
Thank you will like is that my birthday present? Yeah?

(28:30):
But I mean we also got in you know, way
late Cedar Cove RV Resort in Baytown, right at the
end of Tri City Beach Road, down there near Thompson's
Bay Camp, right on Gallison Bay. An absolutely beautiful place
to drag your little trailer over there, drag your big trailer,

(28:50):
drive your van, drive your bus, whatever, Park it on
one of their concrete slabs down at the end of
one of their concrete roads. Hook up the electric, the
water in the which is available at every single site,
Tune into the Wi Fi, go over to the bathhouse,
get shelf, a nice warm shower, all that. Plus I'm
actually pretty good fishing over that way when the tide

(29:12):
in the window right. Not going to guarantee you world
record fish, but spend a few days out there, a
week or so, you'll probably catch some good fish. A
lot of people who come to town, come to the
Greater Houston area, especially over that way, for work, have
hotel alliances or allowances and hotel motel money, but a

(29:34):
lot of them also will bring a van or even
rent a small trailer and hook it up over at
Cedar Cove so that they don't have to wake up
to dirty, old blinds and don't have to open them
up to a parking lot or a fast food restaurant
or anything else they don't want to see. It's a
lot nicer and a lot more comfortable to wake up

(29:55):
to sunrises and sunsets over the water. Cedar Cove RV
Resort dot com is a website. Go check it out.
See how reasonable it is to wake up on the
bayfront Cedar Cove Rvresort dot com. Old guy's rule.

Speaker 1 (30:13):
And of course women never get old if you want
to avoid sleeping on the couch.

Speaker 2 (30:19):
Okay, I think that sounds like a good plan. Fifty
plus continues. Here's more with Doug. What is that? That's
clearly a prelude to a song? I presume bad motor
scooter by Montrose all right from the mile highest city desk,
Denver shut down. It's car theft tracking system. That great move,

(30:42):
Denver shut it down. Car theft tracking. Now we don't care,
not because the budget cuts either, but to hinder deportations
and apprehensions by Ice. They came right out and said it, Yeah,
we don't want you doing that to these good people
of Denver. This is a major city that's already we've
got major problems with gangs comprised mostly of people not

(31:02):
from our country, and the Denver politicians are helping these
people avoid capture. At some point, at some point, this
kind of interference by anybody, I don't know, even if
they're city politicians has got to stop. The people who
stand in the way need to be held accountable, and Coloradoans,
Colorados or Colorado's will do you know you weren't listening,

(31:29):
were you? I figured? In any event, those people need
to be held accountable, and the people of Colorado should
be I think they ought to be able to sue
the city, sue the agencies that stand in the way.
If any illegal migrant commits crimes against a US citizen, henceforth,
that person maybe could have been taken away had they

(31:51):
had Ice been able to get to them. And if
that person now has committed a crime and hurt or killed,
which has already happened way too many times times any
more than zero is way too many times for that
to happen. Americans killed by people who shouldn't even be here.
That's horrible, absolutely horrible. All right, well, now you need
to pay attention. I'm ringing the bell. Bring you in.

(32:13):
How much time do we have? Three to two? We
have a minute?

Speaker 3 (32:18):
Fifteen?

Speaker 2 (32:18):
Oh good lord, Viva Las Vegas. Got a band aid
or the useless poll bandid band aids poll found the
average person suffers thirty five scrapes and bruises per year,
which is about three a month, and when you factor
in all the injuries from childhood, the average lifetime total

(32:39):
is about four thousand. I probably had that many scrapes
and bruises before I was a teenager. My friends at
that age and I playing the games we played, where
we played them brought an entirely new meaning to having
skin in the game. We had in the street. We

(33:01):
had skin on the sidewalk, We had skin on the
baseball field everywhere we went. Because we played hard. We did.
There were times when we were probably in our mid
teens that we would go out just in shorts and
T shirts and play tackle football and just I'm sure

(33:23):
there were a couple of concussions out there that might
explain a lot. Actually, when you think about it, now God, well,
thanks audios. I'll see tomorrow.