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December 18, 2024 16 mins

Like coming up for air after 50 years. That’s how one man described the current moment in Syria.

Since the fall of President Bashar al-Assad, thousands of Syrians have been celebrating in the streets and wandering through Assad’s abandoned palace.

But many more are searching through the massive network of prisons that underpinned Assad’s repressive regime, hoping to find out the fate of lost loved ones.

Meanwhile, Syria’s new rulers, Hayat Tahrir al-Sham, are grappling with how to seize control of the infrastructure that underpinned Assad’s massive state-run drug trade.

Today, journalist Heidi Pett, on the ground in Damascus, as the Syrian people reckon with what the future holds for their country.


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Guest: Journalist Heidi Pett.

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Speaker 1 (00:01):
From Schwartz Media. I'm Ruby Jones. This is seven am.
It's like coming up for air after fifty years. That's
the way one man described this moment in Syria. Since
the fall of President Bashah Alasad, Syrians are celebrating. Some

(00:21):
have wandered through Assad's deserted palace, Thousands are in the streets.
Many more are searching the massive network of prisons that
under pinned Assad's repressive regime. They're looking for loved ones,
hoping they're still alive and if not, that they might
finally get closure. Today journalist to Heidi pet on the
ground in Damascus as the Syrian people reckon with what

(00:42):
the future holds for their country now that a sard
is gone. It's Thursday, December nineteenth. Hattie, Hello, it's great

(01:03):
to have you back on the show.

Speaker 2 (01:04):
It's nice to be back.

Speaker 1 (01:05):
So you're in Damascus right now, and you've been there
since just after Bashah al Asad fled the country and
the regime fell. Tell me what it's like to be
in Syria at this moment of change.

Speaker 2 (01:20):
The energy in Damascus is kind of incredible because it's
this real mix of elation, relief, but also a real
sense of grief and anger and all of that is
kind of mixed together in the streets. There've been a
number of large demonstrations and gatherings over the last week

(01:43):
that I've been here. It's only just sinking in for
many people here that you know, more than fifty years
of the outside regime is over, and that they can
finally speak about what happened. You know, for so many

(02:05):
people talking about their father that was in prison, or
what happened to them in prison, or you know, the
bombing of their neighborhoods by their own government. Breathing a
whisper of that would have got them detained and probably killed.
And so it's incredible to be somewhere where people are
just so desperate and happy and relieved to be able

(02:27):
to talk freely for the first time in decades.

Speaker 1 (02:30):
Yeah, we're learning a lot of things that had been hidden,
particularly about the prison system. There were rumors for a
long time about the prisons being used by the regime,
about torture and terror, but we didn't know the extent
of what was actually happening until now. So tell me
what's coming to light. What are we learning.

Speaker 2 (02:51):
So one of the first places that people went when
the regime fell was this prison outside of Damascus called Sednaya.
There is a huge network of prisons across the country.
They're in the basements of laundromats, there in every single courtroom,
police station, underneath the radio and television building. The extent

(03:12):
and the scale of the security state here is becoming clear,
but said Naya is one of the largest and most
infamous of Assad's prisons. When the HDS fighters swept through

(03:33):
and they unlocked the doors of prisons all around the country,
this rumor spread that there were secret underground cells. You know.
There were these incredible scenes of people showing up, jack hammering,
digging up the floors, and there was this real sense

(03:53):
of this last expression of hope for families that people
that they might not have seen in ten years may
still somehow be alive.

Speaker 3 (04:04):
Okay, she was there. She don't have anybody to ask
him until now, only she sears on the paper if
she find anything for him.

Speaker 2 (04:17):
So on Wednesday, when I arrived here in Syria, Said
Noah was one of the first places I went, and
families were still showing up. There were people camped outside,
you know, sleeping in the in the prison grounds.

Speaker 3 (04:29):
She hoped for maybe here, maybe a place she hoped
she's not one hundred percent is here or where he is.

Speaker 2 (04:38):
And over the course of about a day it became
clear that there were no underground cells. And a Syrian
human rights activist who has done a great deal of
work on this, gave this incredibly tearful, actually interview on
television where he said he was like, I hate to
break it to the family, but the more than one

(05:01):
hundred thousand missing, they're not here. They're probably dead and.

Speaker 1 (05:08):
And are.

Speaker 2 (05:17):
But that hadn't stopped people from showing up, clutching onto
the last straws of hope that someone's father, their brother,
their you know, their mother, their son, that there might
be some scrap of information basically about what happened to them.

Speaker 1 (05:30):
And I mean, some people obviously would be able to
get that information about their family members and maybe, you know,
in the best possible scenarios, be reunited. But what about
those who actually don't find anything in the prisons and
will never have a body to bury. What does closure
look like for them?

Speaker 2 (05:50):
So for many of the families, first they went to
the prisons and they hoped that they would find their
family members alive, and then news broke that a number
of bodies from the prisons, mostly from Said Naya, had
been brought to the main hospital in Damascus. The families
who had been to the prisons and not found their

(06:11):
loved ones alive there then came to the hospital, hoping
at least that they could identify them among the dead
and that that would be some form of closure, that
at least they would have a body to bury. But
there are one hundred thousand missing in Syria and this
main hospital in Damascus they had thirty five bodies. How
many families have come through here hoping to identify their

(06:34):
loved one who's missing.

Speaker 3 (06:36):
No kids, I'm not a.

Speaker 1 (06:45):
Thousands.

Speaker 2 (06:48):
One of the bodies that had been brought to this
hospital was of a very famous Syrian activist. His name
was Mazan al Hamada, and he was one of the
first to speak out about what in Said Naya, the
torture that he experienced, the torture that he saw and witnessed.
He returned to Syria in twenty twenty and he immediately

(07:09):
disappeared back into the detention apparatus until his body was
found at the military hospital, and so there was a
funeral for him on Thursday, which became incredibly symbolic. It
became a funeral for all the missing, all the people
whose families don't have a body to bury and maybe

(07:31):
never will. You know, As his coffin was carried through
the streets of Damascus, there was a huge crowd chanting
his name and carrying photographs of him. But not just him,
they were carrying photographs of other missing public figures, so
other activists and writers, but also their own family members,

(07:52):
And it became a real moment of collective grief and mourning,
but also genuinely real happiness and relief. This security apparatus
and this repression of the Syrian people goes back to
you know, well before Bashar Alisad. It goes back to
his father Hafez in more than five decades. And so

(08:13):
the sense that people have is one person explained it
to me, is it's like we've been living underground and
we have finally come up for air.

Speaker 1 (08:25):
After the break the drug operations that funded the Assad regime.
So hai to, you're in Damascus right now and it's
been less than two weeks since Bashah Alasad fled and
now the rebel's over through his government they're picking through

(08:47):
the remains of the regime. We know that the terrors
of the prison system are being revealed, but what else
are we learning about Syria under Bashah Alasad.

Speaker 2 (08:57):
So in recent years, Syria has actually been described as
a narco state, which you would ordinarily think of as
places in South and Central America that have relied on,
you know, the cocaine and now increasingly the fentanyl trade.
But Syria actually was an enormous producer and exporter of
a drug called captigon. It's an amphetamine. It's very popular

(09:21):
across the Middle East. It's sometimes used by fighters to
sort of keep them awake and focused in battle, but
it's also used as a party drug. So I went
to a factory where this drug was being produced just
outside Damascus, just in the you know, in the hills
outside Duma. It used to be a potato chip factory.
It's called Captain Corn and there's this jingle, you know,

(09:42):
all the kids know this jingle for Captain Corn. And
it was turned into a drug production facility. And so
when when I got there, this smell was just incredible
because the regime had had set fire to the factory
just before they left. But what was particularly interesting is
the evidence of how they were transported and secretly exported

(10:05):
around the Middle East. So in this particular factory, one
of the main ways was the pills had been disguised
inside parts for generators. There were also fake fruits filled
with pills as well. You know, these pills inside Syria
they're very cheap, but in places like Jordan and Saudi

(10:26):
Arabia they go for twenty five US dollars a pill.
And you know, just in this one factory that we
saw it would be making millions for the regime.

Speaker 1 (10:35):
Right, So, Hadi, what's going to happen to all of
these factories, to this entire kind of clandestine operation that
the regime ran now and all of the drugs that
have been left behind.

Speaker 2 (10:47):
Well at the moment, and this is the huge challenge
for Syria, and you know for the new government of Syria,
is that the advanced by HTS and the other associated
rebel groups happened so quickly. You know, soldiers from the
regime just melted away. I mean on the drive in
from Beirut to Damascus, there was no border control. You know,

(11:09):
I have no Syrian stamp in my passport because there
was nobody at the border and by the side of
the road there is just discarded army uniforms where people
soldiers had clearly taken them off, changed into civilian clothes
and fled. So what's happened is that either local fighters
from groups like Josha Islam or other rebel groups, or

(11:30):
fighters from HTS are now taking up you know, these
kind of physicians and beginning to guard these facilities and
make some attempt to secure them.

Speaker 1 (11:41):
Yeah, and it sounds like HTS itself was taken by
surprise at how quick their success was. So what have
they been doing for the last sort of week or so?
How are they preparing to govern?

Speaker 2 (11:52):
One of the first big challenges actually will be the
economy here. Syria has been under sanctions for an incredibly
long time in an attempt to, you know, to put
pressure on the regime. It's now being governed by HTS,
who there's still a prescribed terrorist organization, you know, the UK,
the EU, and the US all still designate it as

(12:14):
a terrorist organization. What's interesting is that the UK and
the US have publicly said in the last few days
that they have had meetings with HDS, which you would
ordinarily not with a terrorist organization. You know that they
have also said it's too early to start talking about
lifting sanctions. There's been a very concerted effort by HDS
and particularly by its leader Jilani to reassure the international

(12:38):
community that yes, HDS had its roots in al Qaeda,
but they split from them a very long time ago,
that they intend to form a sort of civil government.
But it's not just the international community that is waiting
to see what will happen here. There is a sense
of trepidation, you know, from some minorities, from Alohites, from Christians,

(12:59):
waiting to see whether these assurances that they've received from
HTS will be born out. But time will tell over
the next couple of months really about exactly how they govern.

Speaker 1 (13:10):
It sounds like a country kind of holding its breath,
waiting to see if this change will bring stability and
a chance to put the trauma of the Assad regime
behind it.

Speaker 2 (13:20):
Yeah, And I mean, you know, that's one of the
things that one of the people that I met at
Musen's funeral, Muhmood, is you know, one of these old
political activists and writers who you know, they've been around
the block, they've experienced the false promise of Bashah the Sun.
You know, when he first came to power, he said
that he was going to make changes, he was going
to open things up. That turned out to be a lie.

(13:41):
He turned out to be more brutal than his father.
Mahmood said to me, well, you know, we're incredibly happy
right now, and we deserve as well time to be happy.
There is this pushback, in fact, by some Serians, of
this kind of finger wagging by the international community of like, oh,
this may not actually be the good news story we

(14:02):
think it is. And we have to remember that, you know,
these rebels, their roots and al Qaeda and everything. And
there is a bit of a sense from some Syrians
of like, can we just have five minutes to celebrate
the fact that a five decade regime that imprisoned, you know,
tortured forcibly, disappeared, murdered and buried in mass graves our
friends and family members. Can we just have five minutes please,

(14:24):
to celebrate the fact that that has ended. But Mahmoud,
he was very keen to impress upon me that the
thing you have to understand is that we are only
half the way there, and the next twelve months will
be critical.

Speaker 1 (14:41):
Hattie, thank you so much for your time.

Speaker 2 (14:44):
Thanks for having me.

Speaker 1 (14:58):
Also in the news today, Treasurer Jim Chalmers has unveiled
his mid year budget update, showing Australia as expected to
slip deeper into deficit over the next four years due
to growing spending and falling tax The expected deficit for
the current financial year twenty twenty four to twenty five
is twenty six point nine billion, which is set to
widen to thirty one point seven billion by the financial

(15:20):
year twenty twenty seven twenty eight and New York prosecutors
say Luigi Mangioni, the man accused of shooting United Health
Group CEO Brian Thompson, has been charged with murder. Mangioni
was indicted on eleven counts, including first degree murder and
murder as a crime of terrorism. The indictment accusing Mangioni
of murdering Thompson with the intent to influence the policy

(15:42):
of a unit of government by intimidation or coercion. Mangioni
is being held on gun charges in Pennsylvania, where he
was arrested last week. I'm Ruby Jones. This is seven am.
Thanks for listening.
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