In dieser Episode diskutieren Dr. Sami Ridwan und Prof. Patrick Schuss die Verwendung von Dexamethason bei neuroonkologischen Patienten. Sie beleuchten die verschiedenen Formen des Hirnödems, die Wirkungsweise und Dosierung von Dexamethason sowie die damit verbundenen Nebenwirkungen. Zudem wird auf die molekularen Tumoreffekte eingegangen und die Langzeitfolgen der Dexamethason-Gabe erörtert. Abschließend werden Alternativen zu Dexamethason und die aktuellen Leitlinien zur Steroidgabe vorgestellt.
Takeaways
Dexamethason ist ein Standard bei Hirntumoren. Es gibt verschiedene Formen des Hirnödems. Die Dosierung von Dexamethason muss individuell angepasst werden. Dexamethason hat sowohl positive als auch negative Effekte. Die Nebenwirkungen können gravierend sein. Dexamethason kann die Tumorinvasivität erhöhen. Langfristige Anwendung kann die Prognose verschlechtern. Alternativen wie Bevacizumab sollten in Betracht gezogen werden. Die Leitlinien empfehlen einen restriktiven Einsatz von Steroiden. Eine individuelle Abwägung ist bei der Therapie entscheidend.
Literatur:
Vazquez S, Gold J, Spirollari E, Akmal S, Hanft SJ. The story of dexamethasone and how it became one of the most widely used drugs in neurosurgery. J Neurosurg. 2023 Nov 24;140(4):1191-1197. doi: 10.3171/2023.9.JNS231099. PMID: 38000066.
Vecht CJ, Hovestadt A, Verbiest HB, van Vliet JJ, van Putten WL. Dose-effect relationship of dexamethasone on Karnofsky performance in metastatic brain tumors: a randomized study of doses of 4, 8, and 16 mg per day. Neurology. 1994 Apr;44(4):675-80. doi: 10.1212/wnl.44.4.675. PMID: 8164824.
Luedi MM, Singh SK, Mosley JC, Hassan ISA, Hatami M, Gumin J, Andereggen L, Sulman EP, Lang FF, Stueber F, Fuller GN, Colen RR, Zinn PO. Dexamethasone-mediated oncogenicity in vitro and in an animal model of glioblastoma. J Neurosurg. 2018 Dec 1;129(6):1446-1455. doi: 10.3171/2017.7.JNS17668. Epub 2018 Jan 12. PMID: 29328002.
Pitter KL, Tamagno I, Alikhanyan K, Hosni-Ahmed A, Pattwell SS, Donnola S, Dai C, Ozawa T, Chang M, Chan TA, Beal K, Bishop AJ, Barker CA, Jones TS, Hentschel B, Gorlia T, Schlegel U, Stupp R, Weller M, Holland EC, Hambardzumyan D. Corticosteroids compromise survival in glioblastoma. Brain. 2016 May;139(Pt 5):1458-71. doi: 10.1093/brain/aww046. Epub 2016 Mar 28. PMID: 27020328; PMCID: PMC5006251.
AWMF S3 Leitlinie Supportive Therapie https://register.awmf.org/de/leitlinien/detail/032-054OL
EANO Guidelines https://www.eano.eu/publications/eano-guidelines/
DGN Leitlinie Gliome https://www.dgn.org/leitlinie/gliome
RESDEX Study https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04266977?cond=%22Glioblastoma%22&intr=%22Dexamethasone%22&viewType=Table&rank=4
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