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July 17, 2025 17 mins
Penned as a heartfelt letter to his son, Benjamin Franklins autobiography is not just a chronicle of his life, but also a pioneer in the self-help genre in America. The book is an intriguing blend of personal history and timeless advice on success, beautifully edited by Frank Woodworth Pine (1869-1919). Join us as we delve into Franklins wisdom-filled world. (Summary by Gary)
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Speaker 1 (00:01):
The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin, Chapter eleven. This is a
LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain.
For more information or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox dot org.
The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin, edited by Frank Woodworth Pine,
Chapter eleven. Interest in public Affairs. I began now to

(00:25):
turn my thoughts a little to public affairs, Beginning, however,
with small matters. The city watch was one of the
first things that I conceived to want regulation. It was
managed by the constables of the respective wards. In turn,
a constable warned a number of housekeepers to attend him
for the night. Those who chose never to attend paid

(00:48):
him six shillings a year to be excused, which was
supposed to be for hiring substitutes, but was in reality
much more than was necessary for that purpose, and made
the constable ship a place of profit. And the constable,
for a little drink, often got such ragamuffins about him.
As a watch that respectable housekeepers did not choose to

(01:10):
mix with. Walking the rounds, too, was often neglected, and
most of the nights spent in tipling. I thereupon wrote
a paper to be read in Tunto, representing these irregularities,
but insisting more particularly on the inequality of the six
shillings tax of the constables, respecting the circumstances of those

(01:33):
who paid it. Since a poor widow housekeeper, all whose
property to be guarded by the watch did not perhaps
exceed the value of fifty pounds, paid as much as
the wealthiest merchant who had thousands of pounds worth of
goods in his stores. On the whole I proposed, as
a more effectual watch, the hiring of proper men to

(01:54):
serve constantly in that business, and as a more equitable
way of supporting the charge levying of attacks that should
be proportioned to the property. This idea, being approved by
the Junto, was communicated to the other clubs, but as
arising in each of them, and though the plan was
not immediately carried into execution, yet by preparing the minds

(02:18):
of people for the change, it paved the way for
the law obtained a few years after, when the members
of our clubs were grown into more influence. About this
time I wrote a paper first to be read in Junto,
but it was afterward published on the different accidents and
carelessnesses by which houses were set on fire, with cautions

(02:42):
against them and means proposed to avoiding them. This was
much spoken of as a useful piece, and gave rise
to a project which soon followed it, of forming a
company for the more readily extinguishing of fires, and mutual
assistance in removing and secure hearing of goods when in danger.

(03:02):
Associates in this scheme were presently found, amounting to thirty.
Our articles of agreement obliged every member to keep always
in good order and fit for use, a certain number
of leather buckets with strong bags and baskets for packing
and transporting of goods, which were to be brought to

(03:23):
every fire. And we agreed to meet once a month
and spend a social evening together in discoursing and communicating
such ideas as occurred to us upon the subjects of fires,
as might be useful in our conduct on such occasions.
The utility of this institution soon appeared, and many more

(03:43):
desiring to be admitted than we thought convenient for one company,
they were advised to form another, which was accordingly done,
and this went on, one new company being formed after another,
till they became so numerous as to include most of
the inhabitants who were men of property and now at
the time of my writing this, though upwards of fifty

(04:05):
years since its establishment, that which I first formed, called
the Union Fire Company, still subsists and flourishes, though the
first members are all deceased but myself and one who
is older by a year than I am. The small
fines that have been paid by members for absence at
a monthly meeting have been applied to the purchase of

(04:27):
fire engines, ladders, fire hooks, and other useful implements for
each company, so that I question whether there is a
city in the world better provided with the means of
putting a stop to the beginning conflagrations. And in fact,
since these institutions, the city has never lost by fire

(04:48):
more than one or two houses at a time, and
the flames have often been extinguished before the house in
which they began has been consumed. In seventeen thirty nine,
arriving among us from Ireland the reverend mister Whitfield, who
had made himself remarkable there as an itinerant preacher. He

(05:09):
was at first permitted to preach in some of our churches,
but the clergy taking a dislike to him soon refused
him their pulpits, and he was obliged to preach in
the fields. The multitudes of all sects and denominations that
attended his sermons were enormous, and it was matter of
speculation to me who was one of the number to

(05:30):
observe the extraordinary influence of his oratory on his hearers,
and how much they admired and respected him, notwithstanding his
common abuse of them by assuring them that they were
naturally half beast and half devils. It was wonderful to
see the change soon made in the manners of our inhabitants,

(05:51):
first being thoughtless or indifferent about religion, it seemed as
if all the world were going religious, so that one
could not walk through the town in an evening without
hearing psalms sung in different families of every street. Begin footnote.
George Whitfield seventeen fourteen to seventeen seventy, a celebrated English

(06:15):
clergyman and pulpit orator, one of the founders of Methodism.
End footnote. And its being found inconvenient to assemble in
the open air, subject to its inclemencies, the building of
a house to meet in was no sooner proposed, and
persons appointed it to receive contributions. But sufficient sums were

(06:36):
soon received to procure the ground and erect the building,
which was one hundred feet long and seventy broad, about
the size of Westminster Hall, and the work was carried
on with such spirit as to be finished in a
much shorter time than could have been expected. Both house
and grounds were vested in trustees expressly for the use

(06:59):
of any preacher of any religious persuasion who might desire
to say something to the people at Philadelphia, the design
in building not being to accommodate any particular sect, but
the inhabitants in general, so that even if the Mufti
of Constantinople were to send a missionary to preach Mohammedism

(07:20):
to us, he would find a pulpit at his service.
Begin footnote a part of the Palace of Westminster, now
forming the vestibule to the Houses of Parliament in London,
and footnote Mister Whitfield, in leaving us, went preaching all
the way through the colonies to Georgia. The settlement of

(07:41):
that province had lately been begun, but instead of being
made with hardy, industrious husbandmen accustomed to labor, the only
people fit for such an enterprise. It was with families
of broken shopkeepers and other insolvent debtors, many of indolent
and idle habits taken out of the jails, who, being

(08:04):
set down in the woods, unqualified for clearing land and
unable to endure the hardships of a new settlement, perished
in numbers, leaving many helpless children unprovided for. The sight
of their miserable situation inspired the benevolent heart of mister
Whitfield with the idea of building an orphan house there

(08:25):
in which they might be supported and educated. Returning northward,
he preached up this charity and made large collections, for
his eloquence had a wonderful power over the hearts and
purses of his hearers, of which I myself was an instant.
I did not disapprove of the design, but as Georgia
was then destitute of materials and workmen, and was proposed

(08:47):
to send them from Philadelphia at a great expense, I
thought it would have been better to have built the
houses here and brought the children to it. Thus I advised,
But he was resolute in his first project, rejected my council,
and I therefore refused to contribute. I happened soon after
to attend one of his sermons, in the course of
which I perceived he intended to finish with a collection,

(09:10):
and I silently resolved he should get nothing from me.
I had in my pocket a handful of copper money,
three or four silver dollars and five pistoles in gold.
As he proceeded, I began to soften and concluded to
give the coppers. Another stroke of his oratory made me
ashamed of that, and determined to give the silver. And

(09:32):
he finished so admirably that I emptied my pocket wholly
into the collector's dish, gold and all. At this sermon.
There was also one of our club, who, being of
my sentiments respecting the building in Georgia, and suspecting a
collection might be intended, had by precaution, emptied his pockets

(09:52):
before he came from home. Toward the conclusion of the discourse, however,
he felt a strong desire to give, and applied to
an neighbor who stood near him to borrow some money
for the purpose. The application was unfortunately made to perhaps
the only man in the company who had the firmness
not to be affected by the preacher. His answer was,

(10:13):
at any other time, friend Hopkins, and I would lend
thee freely, but not now, for THEE seems to be
out of thy right senses. Some of mister Whitfield's enemies
affected to support that he would apply these collections to
his own private emulient. But I, who was intimately acquainted

(10:34):
with him, being employed in printing his sermons and journals,
et cetera, never had the least suspicion of his integrity,
but am to this day decidedly of opinion that he was,
in all his conduct, a perfectly honest man, and methinks
my testimony in his favor ought to have the more weight,

(10:55):
as we had no religious connection. He used, indeed sometimes
to for my conversion, but never had the satisfaction of
believing that his prayers were heard. Ours was a mere
civil friendship, sincere on both sides, and lasted to his death.
The following instance will show something of the terms on

(11:16):
which we stood. Upon one of his arrivals from England
at Boston, he wrote to me that he should come
soon to Philadelphia, but knew not where he could lodge
when there, as he understood his old friend and host,
mister Benezet, was removed to Germantown. My answer was, you
know my house. If you can make shift with its

(11:39):
scanty accommodations, you will be most heartily welcome. He replied
that if I made the kind offer for Christ's sake,
I should not miss of a reward, and I returned,
don't let me be mistaken. It was not for Christ's sake,
but for your sake. One of our common acquaintances decociously
remarked that, knowing it to be the custom of the

(12:02):
saints when they receive any favor, to shift the burden
of the obligation from off their shoulders and place it
in heaven, I was contrived to fix it on earth.
The last time I saw mister Whitfield was in London,
when he consulted me about his orphan house concern and
his purpose of appropriating to the establishment of a college.

(12:26):
He had a loud and clear voice, and articulated his
words and sentences so perfectly that he might be heard
and understood at a great distance, especially as his auditors. However,
numerous observed the most exact silence. He preached one evening
from the top of the court house steps, which are
in the middle of Market Street, and on the west

(12:47):
side of Second Street, which crosses it at right angles.
Both streets were filled with his hearers to a considerable distance.
Being amongst the hindmost in Market Street, I had the
curiosity to learn how far he could be heard by
retiring backwards down the street towards the river, and I
found his voice distinct until I came near Front Street,

(13:09):
where some noise in that street obscured it. Imagining then
a semicircle of which my distance would be the radius,
and that it were filled with auditors, to each of
whom I allowed two square feet, I computed that he
might well be heard by more than thirty thousand. Thus
reconciled me to the newspaper accounts of his having preached

(13:31):
to twenty five thousand people in the fields, and to
the ancient histories of generals haranguing all armies of which
I had sometimes doubted. By hearing him often, I came
to distinguish easily between sermons newly composed and those which
he had often preached in the course of his travels.
His delivery of the latter was so improved by frequent repetitions,

(13:55):
that every accent, every emphasis, every modulation of voice was
so perfectly well turned and well placed, that, without being
interested in the subject, one could not help being pleased
with the discourse, a pleasure of much the same kind
with that received from an excellent piece of music. This

(14:16):
is an advantage itinerant preachers have over those who are stationary,
as the latter cannot well improve their delivery of a
sermon by so many rehearsals. His writing and printing, from
time to time gave great advantage to his enemies. Unguarded
expressions and even erroneous opinions delivered in preaching might have

(14:36):
been afterward explained or qualified by supposing others that might
have accompanied them, or they might have been denied. But
letter ascript do domine. Critics attacked his writing violently and
with so much appearance of reason as to diminish the
number of his votaries and prevent their increase, so that

(14:59):
I am of ope if he had never written anything,
he would have left behind him a much more numerous
and important sect, and his reputation might in that case
have been still growing even after his death, as there
being nothing of his writing on which to found a
censure and give him a lower character. His proselytes would

(15:21):
be left at liberty to feign for him as great
a variety of excellence as their enthusiastic admiration might wish
him to have possessed. My business was now continually augmenting,
and my circumstances growing daily easier, my newspaper having become
very profitable, as being for a time almost the only

(15:43):
one in this and the neighboring provinces. I experienced too
the truth of the observation that after getting the first
hundred pound, it is more easy to get the second,
when he itself being of a profitable nature. The partnership
at Carolina having succeeded, I was encouraged to engage in others,

(16:05):
and to promote several of my workmen who had behaved well,
by establishing them with printing houses in different colonies on
the same terms with that in Carolina. Most of them
did well, being enabled at the end of our term
six years to purchase the types of me and go
on working for themselves, by which meant several families were

(16:26):
raised partnerships, often finishing quarrels. But I was happy in
this that mine were all carried on and ended amicably,
owing I think a good deal to the precaution of
having very explicitly settled in our articles everything to be
done by or expected from each partner, so that there

(16:46):
was nothing to dispute, which precaution I would therefore recommend
to all who enter into partnerships. For whatever esteem partners
may have for and confidence in each other at the
time of the contract, little jealousies and disgusts may arise
with ideas of inequality in the care and burden of

(17:09):
the business, et cetera, which are attended often with breach
of friendship and of connection, perhaps with lawsuits and other
disagreeable consequences. End of Chapter eleven.
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