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December 19, 2024 15 mins
In 1848 an image of Queen Victoria, Prince Albert and their children decorating an evergreen caused a sensation, and sparked a Christmas tree trend in Britain.
  
Many people began to bring trees into their homes and decorate them with homemade ornaments, sweet treats and naked candles tied with ribbons.  
  
The Victorians can be credited with inventing our modern Christmas.  In this episode, Clara Woolford, Curator at Cragside in Northumberland, takes us to the mid 1800s to discover how the “Cult of Christmas” and the centrepiece, the Christmas Tree, entered into millions of homes.   

Discover more
See the UK's tallest living Christmas tree, a 42m giant redwood at Cragside, Northumberland:
nationaltrust.org.uk/visit/north-east/cragside/christmas-at-cragside

Read about the history of the Christmas tree:
www.findmypast.co.uk/blog/history/queen-victoria-christmas-tree 

[Ad from our sponsor] This podcast episode is sponsored by family history website Findmypast. What was life like for domestic servants, workers and local communities at our most fascinating heritage sites? Discover how people from all walks of life lived and worked, and who with, in hundreds of census records, for free, by signing up with Findmypast. And find out about the free trial that you could use to explore your family history. See where the past takes you at: findmypast.co.uk/national-trust

Production:
Host and producer: Michelle Douglass
Sound Editor: Jesus Gomez

Mark as Played
Transcript

Episode Transcript

Available transcripts are automatically generated. Complete accuracy is not guaranteed.
MICHELLE DOUGLASS (00:40):
Hello and welcome to the National Trust
Podcast. I'm Michelle Douglass.Why do millions of us put up a
tree in our home and decorate itwith sparkly bits in a strange
ritual marking the start ofChristmas?
In this festive story, we'll betravelling to London in the
mid-1800s to discover how oneeye-popping image of young

(01:02):
trendsetters Queen Victoria andPrince Albert went viral 19th
century style and sparked aChristmas tree trend in Britain
and beyond.
And a quick heads up if you'relistening with kids around, this
episode briefly features someadult content.

(01:25):
It's the run-up to Christmas atLacock Abbey in Wiltshire, a
medieval monastic-style buildingyou might recognise from scenes
in the Harry Potter films.
The Lacock team are all hands ondeck for the sizeable feat of
transforming the Abbey into anenchanted Christmas kingdom.

(01:47):
The centrepiece is the Christmastrees. They're putting up dozens
of little Christmas trees forthe community festival in the
cloisters, two big trees in theGreat Hall.
And finally, there's a huge20-foot Christmas tree to hoist
up in the courtyard entrance.
The pressure is on to get thetrees up, straight and

(02:10):
sparkling, before expectantvisitors start arriving at 11am.
More than 85% of British homesput up a Christmas tree each
year. According to the BritishChristmas Tree Growers
Association.
We often look to the old and thenew. Traditions from childhood,

(02:31):
new rituals from adulthood.
Perhaps you enjoy looking forfuture inspiration, like on
social media where there's noshortage of people filling our
feeds with ideas for festiveflair for your tree.
But when it comes to historicinfluences, there's one couple
and one image that can becredited above everything else

(02:53):
for triggering the greatChristmas tree trend.

CLARA WOOLFORD (02:59):
Our Christmases would look very different if
this image hadn't have beencirculated so widely.
I'm Clara Woolford and I am theproperty curator at Cragside in
Northumberland.

MICHELLE DOUGLASS (03:11):
It's December 1848, The Illustrated London
News, the world's firstillustrated weekly news
magazine, has issued a Christmasspecial featuring an eye-popping
printed picture.
It's an unusually intimateportrait of the young Queen
Victoria, her husband PrinceAlbert and their children,

(03:31):
decorating a new kind of festivecentrepiece rarely seen by Brits
before.
An evergreen tree in their home?

CLARA WOOLFORD (03:39):
The 1848 print is showing a beautifully
decorated Christmas tree.
You've got this gorgeousevergreen and it's lit with
candles.
On top of that are all of theselittle ornaments.
There's things like cradles andletters and puddings.
Some of these would have beenhandmade. They're all hanging

(04:02):
off of the tree. And thengathered around are the family.
Prince Albert and Queen Victoriaare both very much enjoying a
family moment.
They're interacting with thechildren and it's a glimpse of
their family life that wewouldn't have had previously.
And they are, they're doing itreally, really intentionally.
They're trying to set thisidealistic portrayal of what the

(04:25):
perfect family setup should be.
And that is all tied into howyou celebrate Christmas.

MICHELLE DOUGLASS (04:33):
Before the 19th century, Christmas in
Britain looked very different.

CLARA WOOLFORD (04:38):
There was a tradition in Britain and
actually across most of Europe,and it was called, which I
really like, it's calledChristmasing.
So it's literally making yourhouse ready for Christmas.
It's kind of mixed with a pagantradition, celebrating the
natural world.
You would be bringing ingreenery, very green, simple.

(05:00):
Totally different to when theVictorians start to bring in
some quite garish elements totheir Christmas design.

MICHELLE DOUGLASS (05:09):
Queen Victoria's husband, Prince
Albert, is credited withpopularising Christmas trees in
Britain.
But the idea itself was nothingnew. Albert had brought an old
ritual with him from his homecountry, Germany.

CLARA WOOLFORD (05:24):
Christmas trees are German tradition.
There's definitely this long,long history of bringing
Evergreens into homes in Germanyaround that festive period.
Really comes to England withQueen Charlotte. So she is the
German wife of George III.
And in 1800, she brings a yewbranch into Windsor Castle and

(05:46):
decorates it with candles.
It becomes quite a firmlyestablished tradition in the
upper classes of Britain. Soit's not something that
everybody is doing.

MICHELLE DOUGLASS (05:58):
But why did a single image of Queen Victoria,
Prince Albert and theirChristmas tree cause such a
stir?
No super influencer or celebrityroyal family member today could
hope to touch the influence thatthe couple Victoria and Albert
had in the mid 1800s.

CLARA WOOLFORD (06:17):
Previously, the royal family were quite
disconnected. What changes isthat Queen Victoria and Prince
Albert especially, he reallydrives this, are very conscious
of their image.

MICHELLE DOUGLASS (06:29):
Victoria and Albert were a different kind of
royal.
They helped to style aconstitutional monarchy. The
role was more separated frompolitics, and instead they
focused on becoming patrons ofcharities and institutions and
making civic visits.
And they used their domesticlife, a solid marriage that
produced nine children, tocreate an idealised personal

(06:52):
image too.

CLARA WOOLFORD (06:52):
They have a kind of personal interest in
presenting their family as thekind of ideal husband and wife
with their children, the kind offamily that they want to
encourage their subjects to be.

MICHELLE DOUGLASS (07:11):
They may have been appearance conscious, but
Victoria and Albert's privatepassion for each other was
authentic.

CLARA WOOLFORD (07:19):
They did have a real genuine relationship. Her
diaries are full of referencesto basically how gorgeous she
thinks Albert is.
They're married in 1840 and shedoes write about not getting a
lot of sleep on her weddingnight.
And they're having so manychildren. She's constantly

(07:42):
pregnant. She's constantlymoaning about being pregnant
because she feels that thatimpacts their sex lives and
that's very important to her.
They know they're young andattractive and popular. They
know that they have thisVictorian idea of all these
children, but they definitelypublicise it as well.

MICHELLE DOUGLASS (08:07):
In the 1800s, the Industrial Revolution's new
technology had brought with itthe dawn of the mass media.
People hungrily devoured the newwave of up-to-the-moment
newspapers and lifestylemagazines illustrated with
eye-catching images that jumpedout of the text.
Victoria and Albert used thismedia revolution to position

(08:28):
themselves as 19th centurymega-influencers.

CLARA WOOLFORD (08:33):
How they managed to create this mass influence is
that they're using mass media.So newspapers are really
prevalent during this period.
We suddenly get a proliferationof illustrated papers as well.
So there's the LondonIllustrated News, the Graphic,
but everybody has access to themin a way that wasn't previously

(08:54):
there.
They're in lending libraries,people are reading in pubs. You
have five different editions ofthe same paper in one day.
People are consuming mass mediain a way that's quite
recognisable to us.
Victoria and Albert aretrendsetters. People are
following what she's wearing,what is he reading, where are
they visiting, people copyingthat lifestyle.

MICHELLE DOUGLASS (09:17):
Against the backdrop of Victoria and
Albert's popularity with theBritish public, and the new age
of mass media, printer J. L.Williams creates his 1848 wood
engraving image of the youngroyal family decorating their
Christmas tree.

CLARA WOOLFORD (09:33):
The wood engraving, which is also
beautifully coloured as well, soit's a really rich image. It
appears in print in its blackand white form in the London
Illustrated News, but it alsobecomes a kind of big, splashy
front pager of celebratingChristmas at home with the
royals.
And it has a huge impact. Sosuddenly the middle classes,

(09:56):
anyone that can afford to aspireto this kind of ideal is doing
so.
So they're starting to bring intrees, the little handmade
decorations or things that werebeing bought between the
couples.
So Albert and Victoria boughteach other Christmas decorations
that had special meanings tothem.
That sort of tradition was alsocopied, but then you've got the

(10:19):
mass market and the massindustrialisation of the 19th
century where you can suddenlybuy Christmas ornaments.

MICHELLE DOUGLASS (10:26):
One of the key and quite alarming
decorations was to create astarry light effect using real
candles tied to the tree withribbons, what could possibly go
wrong?
One newspaper talks of a luckyescape. "Panic at a Workhouse"
writes the coventry eveningtelegraph in 1891.

(10:49):
A lighted candle fell from thetree and ignited the toys and
wool. The children ran outscreaming. Beyond the loss of
the toys and the partial burningof the tree, no damage was done.

CLARA WOOLFORD (11:00):
They have looser health and safety concerns, I
think, than us.

MICHELLE DOUGLASS (11:04):
Middle class people in Britain could now
afford to have a royal Germantradition in their homes.
And trees began appearing inpublic places like town squares,
as well as being donated inplaces in need of cheer, like
workhouses.
As well as taking off inBritain, the US got the
Christmas tree bug too.

(11:25):
A version of the image of theroyal family and their tree made
it into the influential monthlypublication Godey's Lady's Book,
and the fashion for Christmastrees was set.
One American businessmanrecognised the potential for the
market for Christmas treebaubles.
Round glass baubles originatedfrom the German mountain village

(11:47):
of Lauscha.
The American businessman firstimported artisanal baubles from
Germany and later more cheaplymass-produced ones.
The trinkets were extremelypopular with customers and at
Christmas stores weretransformed to show them off.
You may have heard of thebusinessman who helped bring
Christmas baubles to the massmarket, if you can remember a

(12:09):
certain high street shop. Hisname was Mr. Frank Woolworth.
The way we celebrate Christmastoday is largely thanks to the
Victorians.

CLARA WOOLFORD (12:22):
The Victorians Really invented our modern
Christmas.
Things that we think about asbeing quintessentially Christmas
items, like the Christmas card.The Christmas cracker was
invented in the 1860s by ThomasSmith. The paper chain that
comes over from Germany in the1850s. So all these things that
we kind of associate.
Charles Dickens'Christmas Carolreally solidifies that because

(12:45):
he captures those traditions andkind of makes a sort of cult of
Christmas with the Victorians aswell. They get so into it.
All those kind of trends andcopying each other. And it
certainly sets the tone for ourChristmases.

MICHELLE DOUGLASS (13:01):
At Lacock Abbey, it's 11 o'clock. The
Christmas trees are up, adornedand sparkling.
Visitors begin arriving. And themagical midwinter sight puts
smiles of delight on peopleacross the generations.
So why has the Christmas treeremained so prevailingly

(13:22):
popular?

CLARA WOOLFORD (13:23):
It's sheer size. You're bringing a tree into your
house and it's the focal pointfor gift giving, for gathering
around it.
You know, you were encouraged togather around your tree and sing
carols and admire it. I guess itmarks the occasion.
That image, I think is- stillresonates with us. You know, the
kind of prioritisation offamilies and Christmas being

(13:45):
something that's celebrated inyour home.
It's still very much the bigthing is, you know, "when are
you going to put your tree up?"

MICHELLE DOUGLASS (14:03):
Thank you for listening to this Christmas
episode of the National TrustPodcast. You can see the UK's
tallest Christmas tree, awhopping 42-metre giant redwood
at Cragside in Northumberland.
And there are many other placesaround the country to see
enchanting Christmas treedisplays at the National Trust.
We'll be back in the new year,and I'm excited to share in

(14:26):
Spring 2025 we'll be changingthe National Trust Podcast to
bring you more immersive storiesin nature, history and
adventure.
Stay on this stream for our newnature podcast, The Wild World
Of, and look out for our newhistory podcast, Back When.
We'll keep you up to date on thechanges here on this channel.
From all of us on the NationalTrust Podcast, a Merry

(14:49):
Christmas, or however you chooseto spend the festive season, and
a very happy new year.
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