提到母权社会,很多人会立即联想到贫困、原始、无知而没有战斗力的古代落后部落。在父权学界有两种自相矛盾的看法,第一种截然否认人类社会存在过母权制,第二种认为母权制曾经存在过,很落后,注定被“更先进“的父权社会取代。
但如果你深谙男权历史的门道,真的深究下去,就会发现史书错漏百出、遮遮掩掩,回避了人类在“只知其母不知其父“的上万年新石器时代,发展出了农业、畜牧业、建筑业、城市规划、医学、天文学等丰富的历史。我们的史书也也回避解释所谓四大父权“文明”的崛起,为什么带来的是几千年反反复复陷入战争,文明被摧毁,进而复退,直到工业革命开始,女性借助时运摆脱了数千年被禁锢于家庭的免费奴役,争取到有薪工作和教育的机会,人类社会才开启了大幅度的科技和社会跃迁。
感谢现代母权制研究奠基人海德·戈特纳-阿本德罗斯,系统性地阐述了母权制的理念和模式。她和其他母权制研究者在全球的研究,发现这个被父权制社会扼杀数千年而不死的古老系统,依然在世界各大陆和岛屿上广泛地存在,并遵循着基本共性:母亲和女性为中心的家族和社群、以关爱和尊重多样性为核心的理念、以人性化的彼此赠与为目的的礼物经济、以两性尊重彼此分工互不干涉为性别秩序、以对自然和女性的尊崇敬仰为精神文化的基本。
实际上支撑着资本主义的运转的,不仅是金钱覆盖的领域,还有大量隐形的人类的彼此馈赠,从母亲对孩子的生命和养育馈赠开始。金钱不能产生孩子、不能替代普通人的日常彼此照料、不能购买人们彼此的真诚关照——从护士们与薪酬不匹配的极度辛劳,到街道上主动保护孩子们不要乱跑的成年人,到亚马逊丛林里保护生态的志愿者。事实上,没有女性的馈赠,即便是飞扬跋扈的父权系统也会瞬间瓦解。
2025年2月26日,海马星球采访了海德·戈特纳-阿本德罗斯,请她介绍了母权制的概念和历史,为什么这个领域的研究一直被系统性地打压,以及为什么母权制是人类未来最现实的出路。本期节目是访谈的上集,英文原声,在订阅邮件和网站上会附上中文翻译的文本。在5月,海马星球会推出中文配音版播客。
中文翻译文本链接:https://seahorseplanet.net/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250329-海马星球采访海德上集中文版(Cut).pdf
对话提纲:
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