Tim's Take 36 | Missouri Soybeans

Bryan Stobaugh and Blake Barlow join Tim Reinbott in this month's Tim's Take podcast, explaining the difference between the Missouri Soybean Association and the Missouri Soybean Merchandising Council, what is high-oleic soybeans, where this discovery came from and where it is changing our world, and more!

Video Part One: https://youtu.be/kgthtO9qGvQ

Video Part Two: https://youtu.be/pYhmvKR9OL4

Podcast Website: https://tims-take.podbean.com

Visit https://moaes.missouri.edu/ to learn more.

#mizzou #beef #genetics #Angus #cattle #cattlefarming #farming #plantpathology

The Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station (MOAES) extends CAFNR research to nearly 14,000 acres across the state to meet regional research and demonstration needs of agricultural producers and natural resource managers. MOAES has a storied history of major impacts in advancing science in agriculture, food and natural resources — locally, nationally and globally. These CAFNR laboratories provide research faculty with a wide variety of real-world conditions to test and develop strategies for agricultural production based on the geographical and climatic differences of our diverse state.

Episode Transcript

(00:00):
[♫]

(00:07):
(Tim Reinbott) All right! Well, welcome today to Tim's Take! And we have a couple of very special
guests today from the Missouri Soybean Association and also the Missouri Soybean
Merchandising Council, and we'll talk a little bit about what's the difference. But we have
Bryan Stobaugh, and he's the Director of Licensing and Market, uh... and Commercialization for them,

(00:28):
and also Blake Barlow, who's Director of Research and Agronomy. So, well, so... so,
welcome! (Bryan Stobaugh) Welcome! (Tim) And, uh... so what is the difference between Missouri
Soybean Association and the Missouri Soybean Merchandising Council? I've heard both of those,
and I get them mixed up! (Bryan) Uh... we get them mixed up some.
No! [laughing] (Tim) Good! Good! (Bryan) No, we're okay. You're okay. Um... I'll take the first stab.

(00:49):
Blake... Blake, uh... can go right after me. But the best and the easiest way to look at
this is the Association (MSA - Missouri Soybean Association) focuses on the policy arm. That's
the arm, Tim, that's really focused on working in the... in the policy and how agriculture works.
What differentiates the Association from the Missouri Soybean Merchandising Council is that

(01:13):
the council is based on the checkoff. The checkoff is a federal act and order, and that act and order
states that you cannot use those funds to influence policy or legislate or actually
lobby. So when you take that into consideration, the checkoff focuses on research, education, and
promotion. Those are the main target areas, and then the Association only focuses on that lobbying

(01:37):
side. (Tim) All right. So the Merchandising Council wouldn't be in Washington right
now? (Bryan) You're right on. (Tim) But you'd be funding research? (Bryan) Correct. (Tim) Or
licensing a new trait? (Bryan) Correct. (Tim) That's... that... that's where that's going to
go. (Blake Barlow) Yeah. Yeah, that's... that's a good way to summarize each organization. A
different way to think about it is since the checkoff is federally mandated, there's a lot

(01:58):
of rules and regulation. Like Bryan said, we can only use those funds for research, demand,
and education; whereas, on the Association side, since it's membership driven and it's focusing
on policy, there's a lot more freedom to do with those funds. (Tim) And where... so you
talk about the checkoff, so where does... what funds the Missouri Associ... Soybean Association

(02:20):
then? (Bryan) It is all on the lobbying side. So that's all based on membership funds and any...
any type of work that they may be contracted to do on behalf of the soybean farmer in that
capacity to legislate or change legislation, work with legislators, promote legislation
that advances the farmer's need in the field or in the finances or anything of that nature. That all

(02:43):
is coming as a membership association donation. (Tim) So, and soybeans are... are a big export,
and it's... part of that's because you all helped develop markets in... around the world. Is that
Missouri Soybean Association doing that or is that the Merchandising Council? (Bryan) That's
the Merchandising Council. (Tim) Is it really?! (Bryan) Yes. (Blake) That's that demand
bucket. (Tim) That's the demand bucket. Okay! All right. (Bryan) That promotional demand side. So,

(03:07):
the big operation in that world is USSEC (United States Soybean Export Council). So United Soybean
Board, which is the federal, um... acting orders establishment of the national checkoff, um...
that side along with the Qualified State Soybean Boards, which are the state's (there's 26 of us in
the country), we all fund in different ways how USSEC exports soybean across the globe. And so,

(03:33):
we all give different funds and different ways of moving. And how that might look for each state is
a little bit different, so USSEC has people all over the globe, and that's how they use their
funds is to move that... those beans out of the US and into the global markets. (Tim) And that market
is expanding, isn't it? (Bryan) It changes daily. (Tim) It changes daily! That's... that's probably
the good thing cuz here we are recording this in mid-April, and things are changing. (Bryan) Things

(03:57):
are changing daily. (Tim) So, all right. So I get it where we get to have a Director of Research and
Agronomy because soybeans have research and we want to do that. But Bryan! Why do we have you here
for? What do you do? (Bryan) Yeah that's the... that's the difference. (Tim) We'll get that...
we'll get to Blake in a minute. (Bryan) Blake... Blake's the easy side. That's the fun side.
Um... well, with my... my background is genetics. I'm a soybean breeder. So I went to school,

(04:21):
um... a little bit further south from here. But, um... (Tim) The Bootheel? (Bryan) No, a little bit
further south. A little bit west of that. So I... I actually went to Arkansas, and I was trained as
a soybean breeder. Um... my background is then into regulatory. When I came on, um... it was
really looking at the genetics program and how the... the research was being funded through the checkoff
into those programs because the agronomy and research lead was focusing on how that

(04:45):
research was conducted and portrayed and moved out into space. I went into the deeper dive of the
analytics and why the quality assurance/quality control, how the products were being moved, if we
were sharing our technology that was created from checkoff research from the Merchandising Council.
So that was the first iteration. Um... the next iteration is SOYLEIC, and that was the launch

(05:07):
of that product. That product and the licensing of that, the bringing in and moving that trait
globally, um... that was my... my first big take into licensing and tech. But then we work into
new technologies and how those new technologies move as well. So really finding and finding those
partners and bringing those partners to the table to where Mizzou can work to move that in. And

(05:29):
then, um... a lot of times it's the Merchandising Council that is really assisting in that movement
in the marketing arm. I mean, that... that development of that tangible piece that someone
may see or that... that sponsorship to where you're getting that awareness out to someone
that may want to in-license that trait to breed with, or someone may want to in-license that whole
variety to actually put in the field. That role is really where I play in that space. (Tim) All

(05:53):
right. So SOYLEIC is, so everybody knows, is what? (Bryan) It is the non-GM,
high-oleic that was developed through research from the checkoff at the University of Missouri
in conjunction with USDA, and then, um... and also co-sponsored in research by USB. (Tim) And why is
that so important? (Bryan) Because it is the only non-GM, high-oleic out there on the marketplace,

(06:16):
and it was discovered right here at the University of Missouri. (Tim) And that... and that helps a
lot of our export markets, doesn't it? (Bryan) Yes. We play a lot better in the export space.
We... we see that a lot of our export partners across the globe do have regulation within their
own countries, and that country sets its own tone for how they bring in product. And that
can be that they want to explore why a GMO is prevalent, or why a gene edit, but with SOYLEIC,

(06:39):
we're a non-GM, so we can move right into those markets. (Blake) So... so why would we
want high-oleic? (Tim) That's my next question. All right, Blake! (Blake) High-oleic may be,
uh... low linolenic. What are... what's... what are... what is oleic? (Tim) That's a fatty acid,
right? (Bryan) Yeah. So, yeah! We're, yeah... we're talking fatty acid components within the
trait. In the bean. (Tim) And we want more oleic? (Bryan) So let's go back to how we

(07:02):
eat and consume foods in the US. Um... that goes back to saturated and unsaturated fats.
Um... we had to realize that we needed to reduce the saturated fats in our diets. We were getting
a little bit unhealthy in the US world. (Tim) They don't taste as good though. (Bryan) Oh,
well... I know. But, uh... we can do things in moderation. (Tim) Okay. (Bryan) You know,
it's the overindulgence that gets us in trouble. Uh... but that's what high-oleic did. It changed

(07:26):
the fatty acid portion to a monounsaturated fat. When you saw that change happen, everyone saw the
boxes change. Some of us, Blake may be a little young for this, Tim. But remember when the first
boxes of crackers and chips said "No Trans Fats"? (Tim) Yes, exactly! (Bryan) That is when FDA and
the government started moving into that sector of let's pull back the saturated fats and move into

(07:50):
an unsaturated fat. And in that space, that's where high-oleic was conceived in the mindset
of breeders across the country at the likes of private industry and in the public sector here
at Mizzou. And what it did is, they increased the oleic, that got rid of these polyunsaturated fats
and got you to a monounsaturated fats, which has to do with double bonds. I'm not talking chemistry

(08:13):
today, but that's the bonding of the fats inside that... in that seed. That means it's a lot more
easy to use, and a lot more easy to digest. Also, it created a stabler oil. That more stable oil was
then aligned with low linolenic, which gave you some more stability for heat and also for storage.
So therefore, you've combined high-oleic/low linolenic as non-GM traits into one bean,

(08:35):
which is now SOYLEIC as the brand, and that was all that discovery right here at Mizzou. (Tim) So,
I often... I once heard that when they first started doing no trans fats, or we wanted trans
fats? (Bryan) No trans fats. (Tim) No trans fats. There our only choice was like olive oil or palm
oil. Is that right? (Bryan) Yeah. Yeah, there weren't many out there on the market. (Tim) And

(08:58):
soybeans were kind of low in that or... naturally? (Bryan) Yes. We were around 20 to 25%. Most cases
the bean and the commodity space bean is 23% oleic concentration. The high-oleic beans range
now anywhere from about 78 to 84% high-oleic. (Tim) So at least three times more? (Bryan) You
betcha. (Tim) And that... and that makes a big difference. And it makes the difference in

(09:20):
cooking too, right? (Bryan) Correct. So it gives us a lot better cooking profiles. So that's where
you see this more in a space, um... in my world where I'm traveling and marketing this product,
not only in the US, but globally. And Blake, Blake works on the side of breeding and making sure that
stuff is still working into the programs, but marketing that to where persons realize that food

(09:40):
is a conscious decision, and it's a decision to be made, and that high-oleic provides that. And so,
that... that's really where that whole transition happened is how do we get the healthy fat to be
cooked with? And thank goodness, we had biodiesel during the time frame where soybean oil was seen
as a saturated fat. Um... so that gave us a little bit of a reprieve, right? A little bit

(10:04):
of a reprieve for use of soybean oil, but what really saved us was the fact that we were able to
move on into this high-oleic space and move back into the use and food consumption. (Tim) So Blake,
can I have a high-oleic soybean that is also used for biodiesel? Or do I have to keep those
two separate? (Blake) You could use it for either one. (Tim) Okay. (Blake) But, if you're using a

(10:24):
healthier oil, you can take advantage of that in the food space. (Tim) Because I just wondered,
is all of our soybeans going to eventually be high-oleic? Is that just going to be a trait
that we have in all of them? (Bryan) We... we dabble in this discussion, and there are
certain parts of our industry and end users that need the fatty acid composition based upon the

(10:46):
original components. (Tim) Okay. Mhm. (Bryan) There are other aspects that do need it for
high-oleic because it gives them a better profile. The heat stability of this, of high-oleic and the
low linolenic combination, is really changing the industrial space. For instance, transformers are

(11:06):
filled with oil, correct? The transformer that transforms the electrical current going from
the line to your home, it transforms, right? That oil is cooling that coil that is transforming it,
right? The reduction of power. That's full of a fossil fuel-based product. (Tim) Right.
Right. (Bryan) When that transformer fails, a prime example of a cleanup needing to happen

(11:31):
by our electrical cooperatives is that that space has to be cleaned up because that is a
fossil fuel-based product. What they've learned is, they can move high-oleic into this space,
and there is no need for cleanup because it's biobased oil. Chain bar lube... lubricants for
your chain, DeWalt has a whole set. There's also car, um... as well as,

(11:53):
which is a synthetic oil because it comes from soy but used in cars and motors. So we're not just
in human consumption. We're looking at how the heat ability and the heat stability changed that
component. (Tim) Wow. So that's interesting. It started out with food, but now it's also getting
more commercialized. (Bryan) Yes, and so the next phase now is dairy. And now we're into the dairy

(12:13):
space. (Tim) And so for dairy, we've had that discussion ourselves. On the dairy space, is the
high-oleic just in the seed, or is it all through the plant? (Bryan) We focus right now in the seed.
Um... and that is because the availability of the carbohydrate, the protein, the oil, and
what is... what we call ash (when we talk about the components of the soybean seed), but that is

(12:36):
the other fiber products, right? That makes into the ration. So that heated bean, either through a
crush or that heated bean through a roast, gives that available protein needs and then also gives
a re... a better component with the oleic, that removed and switched inside the seed, gave you the
higher high-oleic, that change gave you a better profile for the gut of the use of oils inside the

(13:01):
gut of that animal. So that's the biggest shift we've seen. (Tim) So we got to... we got to look
at the animal inside, don't we? (Bryan) Yes. (Tim) Yeah. (Bryan) Yes, it's the inside portion. Not...
it's... it has... it doesn't really have a lot to do with how it does on the outside and how
the animal makeup is really. How it reduces and the ability for the high-oleic to reduce
inflammation in the gut in the rumen of the... of the dairy cattle. (Tim) Now, are US soybeans the

(13:25):
only ones that have this trait? (Bryan) There are a couple that have dabbled in this in other parts
of the world. Um... north of us there was a group that was working with it in Canada. I have heard
of others in Latin America. No one has found the stability that we at SOYLEIC in that... that...
that non-GM portion, as well as Plenish in its portion, as to take hold in the marketplace the

(13:51):
stability that the two genes, the GMO of Plenish and the non-GM of SOYLEIC, they've been superior,
um... compared to the other traits that have been developed at this time. (Tim) So in this
environment that we have right now of tariffs and retaliatory tariffs, and you know, "I'll
get my soybeans from someplace else," if you want high-oleic soybeans, you're going to have

(14:13):
to come to the United States. (Bryan) That is correct. Yes. Right now, um... you know,
the US is producing the most acreage. The other side of that in high-oleic is canola and... and
sunflower, and those are produced in other places around the world. But those are other two traits
that are blended in most cases for the food. Food consumption and frying is high-oleic sun,

(14:34):
high-oleic, uh... canola, and high-oleic soy make up the combination that's being used in those
new frying components. (Tim) But the big thing about soybeans, it's also, what? 38% protein,
too. (Bryan) Right. (Tim) So you have that other aspect of that. (Bryan) You have a whole another
piece of that. And that's what Blake and the research he does working with the researchers

(14:54):
is looking at, are there opportunities of new potential discoveries that could be used in
protein? A tenth of a percent goes a long way when we get that extracted because then it's
down to dry matter, and that... a lot of people do get confused. I think Blake and I have had this
other conversation. Is dry matter versus everyone else listening to this podcast, we talk about 13%

(15:17):
moisture, correct? (Tim) Right. (Bryan) We talk about beans at 13%. I'm going to let everyone

know (15:21):
a buyer of our soybean is usually going to  be talking about dry matter. Don't get confused,
please. Because it does skew the data. Because that water removed in dry matter calculation
gives an inflated value compared to what you and I, listening to this podcast and talking today,
we say 13%, and that's our normal number. But in the world around us, they look at everything

(15:45):
in a dry matter basis. So they may say, "Well, we talk about... oh, our beans are at anywhere
from 35 to 38%, harvested right here in the state of Missouri, protein content on 13% moisture. Dry
matter that's going to be elevated to like 42... " (Tim) Okay (Bryan) " ...to 43%." Well, we get
a buyer overseas, calls the demand side of us and says, "Hey, we need these beans at 42%." And you

(16:11):
look at our... you flip open our seed guide over there... (Tim) None of them are there! (Bryan) No!
We... we look... no. We don't look bad. It's a different calculation. So that's... that's one
of those, um... fun little spins on word choice. (Tim) So what else are you, uh... licensing in
commercialization just besides the high-oleic? (Bryan) Yeah. Well, we do a lot more in germplasm.

(16:34):
A lot of people don't realize that the breeding work and the research work coming out of the
oversight of where Blake is working with the breeding teams and the agronomic researchers in
the Mizzou system, those varieties coming into the platform as being non-GM, my space, I work with
companies that may in-license to breed with those. What has changed a lot is that we've been able now

(16:57):
to track that. So we now have that ROI that the checkoff funded research in these development
of new germplasms or new donor traits, and they can be incorporated into private companies. And
the private companies and private industry have to report back because we have a license
agreement. And that agreement then allows us to track more appropriately how the checkoff was

(17:20):
used globally. (Tim) So if Dr. Lin or Dr. Scaboo come up with a... a SCN-resistant gene that's in
soybeans, and a private company wants it, they have to pay you all. (Bryan) Yep. They have to
sign a licensing agreement, and that agreement then sets up the stage. That could have a patent
associated with it. It could not. If someone wanted to in-license it, we kind of have that

(17:40):
flexibility in most cases because the licensing agreement is a binding agreement. What you do
with the patent difference is that you're trying to protect something globally, so somebody doesn't
make the same thing just by their experience of learning. The patent sets that stage for how that
product looks to be created. But in most cases, the license agreement is usually all we have when

(18:02):
it comes to germplasm or, um... you know, let's say Dr. Lin and Dr. Scaboo are working together
and they created something that, um... we hadn't really thought of. And that in some of those cases
is a... a combination of tolerance from the South to the North, and that could be a combination of
frogeye with a little bit of phytophthora. Let's get a little root-knot, and let's get some soybean

(18:24):
cyst nematode resistance, but they've done this together. That variety could be a donor. But
guess what? All those traits are known, right? They're known traits. We've already had these
in the system. But what we can do is put that in the profile of all the universities, and then say,
"Also universities, we're going to talk to the private companies." And we just out-licsense that.
We out-license that variety as the donor, and we set the whole stage for then they have to report

(18:48):
back of where Missouri genetics influence the world around us. (Tim) And those dollars,
they have to pay for this technology. It goes back to help research to get more.
So this is an investment for Missouri soybean growers. (Bryan) And it is reinvestment for
Mizzou. Mizzou gets their... their portion of that as well. (Tim) That's great. That's
kind of a win-win for everybody. But that system goes one direction though, doesn't it? Industry

(19:11):
doesn't share much with public breeders. (Bryan) You're... you'd be shocked. We actually do a lot
more in-licensing these days and looking at how we can in-license, but not just traits, it's how they
use their technology. Their technology and their ability to screen and compile data at the private

(19:31):
sector is much more, uh... multifaceted and much more speedy than we can do in a university sector
because they can spend quite a bit of money per day in research, right? In development.
So it's not only in-licensing of herbicide traits, in-licensing of disease traits, it's also the
ability for us to work with them and having some of our product screened, which gets our product in

(19:55):
their eyes and in their... their mindset, "Oh! We may should in-license!" It's a win-win for all of us.
So, yes. We do work in both ways, in-licensing and out-licensing with the private industry.
We also do in-licensing with other universities as well if they have traits or items we may
want. (Tim) So Blake, what's the advantage of a... of a public breeder then? (Blake) You read

(20:18):
my mind. I was going to ask Bryan to, uh... to hit on why... what would a big company, why would they
benefit from licensing some of our genetics? When you're a big company, you have a... you have a pool
of genetics you've been using. If you can bring in new genetics, you can diversify the background and

(20:39):
extend the life of... of varieties and discover new... new varieties. (Tim) And also, with the...
with the publics, with... with the university system, they've got postdocs. They've got graduate
students. They can really bore down into some of these... these issues and spend that time. It may... it
may take 10 or 15 years to... to... to... to find this trait, and... and they can afford to do it,

(21:04):
where industry just doesn't want to do that. (Bryan) Well, and sometimes industry depends
on us to do that. (Tim) Right! That's... (Bryan) They literally are watching. We get together every
February, and Blake got to attend his first one, and it's the Soybean Breeding Workshop. I've been
going off and on since 2007. No farmer wants to go to that event. I'm just going to admit it. But

(21:26):
I'm going to go ahead and let everybody know, at that moment, we circulate amongst our teams.
Entomology. And we talk about in... you know, we go from entomology to physiology, and then
this last time, we were really heavy into, um... insect and insect pressure, and as well of above
ground and below ground. And that was where the SCN technologies really took hold this

(21:49):
last time. (Tim) And that seems to be raising its head again in the SCN. (Bryan) It's a $1.5 billion
a year loss to the US farmer and overall from maturity group one to maturity group 7 in their
yield cost. (Tim) And it's kind of a hidden now, isn't it? Because I don't... when I was a kid,
it would wipe us out; whereas now, it's... they just subtly reduce yield. (Blake) It's the hidden

(22:12):
pest. You don't know it's there. (Tim) Right. (Blake) Unless you sample your soil, and then,
you might not hit them. (Tim) Right. (Blake) So the traditionally, when you test for SCN,
or when you go take soil samples, most people will take the sample directly in
the middle of the row because that's the easiest, right? (Tim) Sure. (Blake) Well,
those, uh... little microscopic round worms aren't feeding in the middle of the row. You,

(22:36):
uh... you need to sample closer to the roots where they're actually feeding. And,
um... Dr. Mandy Bish did a survey this year and noticed when their team was out there sampling,
numbers were significantly higher than we thought they originally were. So... (Tim) Because of the
sampling area. (Blake) Exactly. That's... that's just one... one of the many ways, um... that... that

(22:57):
we know they're out there. They... they show their face in... in making the beans just look sick,
so it can... it can mimic a lot of other symptomology. So you have to do soil testing.
Proper soil testing. (Tim) You know they... it really came about in the 1970s. When I was
growing up, when SCN was really starting to come to the forefront, and the research at the University

(23:21):
of Missouri funded by Missouri Soybean Association in the 70s and 80s really helped overcome these...
these issues, and I've once said, I... I still believe it, that without for that research down
at the Delta Center, we wouldn't have soybeans in the mid-South because SCN would have wiped
us out. (Bryan) The amount of research and just overall, what I call, observation for

(23:49):
potential tolerance in the mid-South saved a lot of beans. (Tim) Yeah. (Bryan) And that wasn't just
a mindset. That was a desire of the breeders from these universities. Not only Missouri,
but Missouri took a huge lead in that, and that was a hardcore focus of, "Let's put this in the
worst place on that farmer's field, and we're going to put 15 varieties, and we're going to

(24:11):
see who lives." (Tim) Well, by the late 70s, we almost were ready to quit growing soybeans on our
farm in the Missouri Bootheel. (Bryan) Yep. (Tim) And Grover Shannon, a young Grover Shannon, had a
new PI line called 'Bedford' that he... they... which was... which was known to have resistance
to the races that we had, and that made a tremendous difference. (Bryan) Yes, sir. (Tim) And

(24:33):
that... and that was used as a breeding line too, wasn't it? (Bryan) Yep. It was backcrossed
into several varieties. (Tim) Yeah, that... that... that really saved the soybean industry.
(Tim) So there is some new news coming out of the SOYLEIC and... and what is
that? (Bryan Stobaugh) Yeah. So, uh... the newer side of this is that we have been
working with industry, and you asked about that in-licensing/out-licensing comment,

(24:56):
so let's tie it back. We did in-license and have been working to, um... introgress and
backcross and breed. When I say introgress, we are breeding and developing a new SOYLEIC variety.
It'll be called SOYLEIC Plus Tech, but it'll be SOYLEIC Plus Tech with E3 technology, and it will
be able to be applied with the Enlist herbicide platform. It'll be launched in 2026. We will have

(25:21):
a multifaceted test plots going to a few licensees here this year, and uh... we already tested in 19
locations across the Midwe... Midwest in 2025 or 24. So 2025, we'll do another 19 and then
we'll be able to add our new technology with our potential licensees, taking that as an in-license
for 2026. So the new realm of a range of about a 3.4 to about a 3.8 maturity group, high-oleic

(25:48):
Enlist E3 bean called SOYLEIC Plus Tech with E3 technology. (Tim) And the SOYLEIC will still
be non-GMO. (Bryan) The SOYLEIC is the non-GMO portion. (Tim) So you can still pull that out and
and be okay? (Bryan) You're still... well, you're still going to pull out the high-oleic portion.
So it'll... since the bean will have a GMO-tech with it, it'll... that's why we had to go with
that new logo and new name. So that... to explain that, in most cases when we look at the use in...

(26:14):
domestically or use internationally, that's why we separated the name. SOYLEIC with the leaf and the
overall green and yellow look of its logo will still be the non-GM sector. SOYLEIC Plus Tech
will be the one that'll be attached to bags that have any, uh... GMO technologies for herbicide or
any gene edit technology. So that way our buyers would know to ask what they're purchasing in the

(26:37):
world of export or in the world of domestic use. (Tim) And this gives farmers, this gives consumers
everywhere in between lots of options. (Bryan) A new added advantage for SOYLEIC to be put on
more farms across the Midwest. (Tim) All right. (Blake Barlow) The reason why that... one of the
reasons why that's such a big deal is the number one choice when a farmer is deciding what soybean

(26:59):
they're going to be planting is herbicide trait technology. (Tim) Right. (Blake) Weeds are the
biggest... biggest pest that farmers fight every year from a visual standpoint. SCN, we just talked
about is a... is the unknown pest, but you can see weeds. And they're developing resistance faster
than we can produce new herbicides. I'm sure we're going to get into that but, um... it...

(27:24):
it... it broadens the horizon for SOYLEIC. (Tim) Yeah, because... because, uh... Kevin
Bradley says there's no new chemistry coming out very fast right now. (Blake) That's right. That's
right. Roundup was a great thing. Roundup Ready technology was a great thing. It revolutionized
agriculture as we know. Um... but it slowed down herbicide discovery. If we look at new... new

(27:48):
herbicide mode of action discoveries, they... we haven't had one since the 80s. Now there
is... there's some new... new modes of action coming. Um... I know FMC has discovered one. I
think Bayer might have discovered one as well. But the one that FMC discovered is rice specifically,
and the new discovery from Bayer, I'm not sure when it is even going to come be coming out,

(28:11):
or if it will make it to the market. (Tim) Because it costs millions, maybe even billions,
to get it to the market, doesn't it? (Blake) And years and years and years through regulation.
So... (Bryan) Minimum. Minimum 25 million. (Tim) Wow. So you think I'll still be around doing this
by the time it comes out? (Blake) Absolutely. (Bryan) Yes. Yes, Tim. (Tim) All right. All right.
So Blake, but you all fund, not just the breeding aspect, you fund lots of different parts of... of

(28:37):
soybeans. (Blake) Absolutely. (Tim) So... so give us some more examples of that. (Blake) So when
we think of the research that the Merchandising Council funds, breeding is a big portion of that,
um... as we just, we dove into, um... quite a bit with the SOYLEIC and... and differing
varieties going to other companies, but there's a whole different gamut of agronomic... agronomic

(29:02):
testing as well as biotic and abiotic stresses. So I really think of the research into two different
buckets with a basic research. So looking at the genetics and looking at biotic or abiotic
stresses and how drought tolerance, um... we can research how we can make bean... soybean more

(29:23):
drought tolerant. Or we look at the other bucket of agronomic and applied research. So whether
that be with, um... Dr. Kevin Bradley, like you mentioned with weed... weed science, or looking
at soil health or diseases, differing pests, entomology... so differing planting practices per

(29:44):
se. (Tim) Right. (Blake) So different, uh... two different buckets. The basic research or applied
research. (Tim) And someone might say, "Well, haven't we got this figured out already? We've
been doing this for a while." But things change, don't they? (Blake) That's right. If we... I mean,
we've been... how long have we been planting soybean in the United States? (Tim) Right. 20s?
(Bryan) 24... 1924. (Tim) Yes. Yes. (Bryan) So over 100 years. (Blake) So coming up on... well,

(30:08):
we just... if it was 24, we just passed our, uh... our 100 year mark, so you would think
that we'd have it completely figured out, but as we mentioned, Mother Nature's always changing.
Not only is Mother Nature changing, (Tim) And she wins. (Blake) She wins every time. There's,
uh... we were just talking about modes of action, there's weeds currently out there that
are resistant to modes of action that haven't been discovered yet. So she will win. Every time. Um...

(30:32):
but not only that, we have to have more food for the people on the planet now than we ever have,
and that's increasing. So we need to find out how we can grow more soybean or more food on less
acres, and that... that problem's not going away. (Tim) You know, you mentioned frogeye
leaf spot earlier. Probably 42 years ago, I was taking a crop and soil management class, and the

(30:59):
plant pathologist came in and he mentioned frogeye leaf spot, and our... our... our instructor said,
"Why are you talking about that? That's not... that's a minor problem. We're never
going to have an issue with frogeye!" And all of a sudden, it raises its head! (Bryan) Well,
you're one hurricane away from the next disease. (Tim) Right! Because rust was an issue there for

(31:20):
a while. (Bryan) That was with... and that as a... as a farmer's child that grew up a little
bit further south from here, any hurricane that hit Brownsville, Texas, was a huge red flag for
us for what the next season was going to present. (Tim) Right. You know, and talking about how the
research has really changed the production, and... and farmers do a great job. Sometimes we... we...

(31:42):
we need to listen to the farmers because they are very innovative, and... and you remember when Kip
Cullers first broke the 100 bushel mark? (Blake) Yes, sir. (Tim) And was going up, and so we went
out, and we tried some of the things that he was doing. This is 20... 2007. (Blake) Yes,
sir. (Tim) And I made 87 bushel per acre. Oh, my God! I gave talks all over the state of Missouri
because I'd made 87. Farmers would laugh at you now if that's all you could do. But... but...

(32:07):
because farmers took what other farmers had done, what researchers could help them with,
and they just blew it out of the water. What... what's the... what's the record now? It's two
something? (Blake) Yeah, I think it's in the twos. (Bryan) It's in the twos. Yeah. (Tim) And
even Missouri, we're in the 150s now that farmers can get. It's just amazing that we used to treat

(32:27):
soybeans... ehhh, it doesn't need fertilizer. It doesn't need this till... yes, it does! And
I... I've even noticed now precision planting of soybeans, how much it pays off. We used to not
really worry about that. (Bryan) Nope. No one had a map in their tractor. (Tim) No! No. (Bryan) They
had a list of what was planted where on what acre. (Tim) Right! (Bryan) But that's what I grew

(32:49):
up with. It was a little... little... the black book was the black book of planting. It was in...
it was in the console. (Tim) But... but corn, we understood that corn needed to have this precision
spacing, and it made a difference, but soybeans didn't. But yes, they did! (Blake) Yeah, I mean,
we've gone from... I don't remember who said it. It might have been you, Tim, or... or... uh...

(33:10):
or... (Tim) I'm sure I did! No. [laughter] (Blake) We've gone from a drill, which is a controlled
scatter... (Tim) Yes. (Blake) ...in my mind, to precision planting. And like you said, we've gone
from just a few years ago of having 80... in the 80s being the top yield potential, that was the
target, to now that's a pretty common occurrence. We're hearing 80... 90... 100 bushel beans across

(33:33):
the state as a normal occurrence. (Bryan) I think the other one is seeding rate. (Blake) Seeding
rate is huge, and that's... (Blake) Seeding rate has changed so much since when I was a child
to present. (Tim) The opposite way! (Bryan) The... and it... it... yes! And it's changed
drastically. (Blake) So, it's funny you say that. We've... we've looked at population for how many

(33:55):
years? We're still funding research on population and how it interacts with planting date,
row spacing, um... relative maturity. Those all take into account when you making your decision on
when you plant. What you're going to plant. Uh... we have a study right now with Andre... Dr. Andres
Reyes looking at that exact thing. And there are huge swings in the same field whether you're

(34:19):
planting at a really high population with one maturity or a really low population with another
maturity end date. There's... there's huge, huge swings in yield potential just based on those
factors. And he's plugging it in with multiple years of weather data and trying to find a yield
prediction tool, so you can optimize your... your planting date with what relative maturity,

(34:44):
etc. (Tim) Because one size doesn't fit all anymore. (Blake) That's right. (Tim) I remember,
we were nine seeds per foot, and that was about 150,000. (Blake) Okay. (Bryan) Yep. (Tim) And now
it's down about 120,000, and I think those record yields were at 77,000 population. That blew my
mind. What?! (Bryan) We went from a 50 pound bag to 138,000 pound bag. 38 hundreth/38,000 seed,

(35:09):
which was anywhere from 38 pounds to 44 pounds to now half of that bag in value of quantity. Is what
you just nailed at 80 something bushels? (Tim) Yeah! (Bryan) Are you kidding me?! That's not what
I thought I planted a lot of hit beans by hand for single plant populations and breeding programs,
and it was measure this out inch by inch, and it's what you talked about. (Tim) Yeah. Right!

(35:34):
Right. So things have... we as... the more we learn, the more we don't know. But... but we're
really improving that and matching it with the environment, and... and that's... that's what's
really neat. (Blake) And every field's different. (Bryan) Yep. (Blake) Yeah, you... like you said,
you can't just put a one-size-fits-all on your whole farm. Every, every single field's a little
different, whether that's maturity or pH, soil type, um... everything's a little different,

(35:58):
so you can't treat everything the same. (Tim) Well, even if you look at cover crops. When I
first started working with cover crops, I was telling my dad about it. He said, "You know,
we did that in the 1930s." And... and... and they did! But now we're coming back with a little
different aspect of it. We're doing things a little differently. And... and so I think it's...

(36:18):
it... it... we're not repeating the past, but we're improving constantly on... on what... what
we've been doing in the past. (Bryan) And I think that goes back to Blake's history. We're sitting
here looking at some of the oldest chemistries on the marketplace right now that are now coming back
into full tank mixtures. New Me-Too, which is when my world of reg... past regulating,

(36:39):
you know, it's the same or similar, and we're combining these jugs of active ingredients
to give the farmer a more economical approach. Blake can go into it, but that's what him and...
and his team when he was, you know, working with Kevin and doing graduate work. I mean,
we've revolutionized and brought back chemistries that I never thought I'd see again. (Tim) Like

(37:00):
even like your 2,4-Ds. (Bryan) Oh, yeah! (Tim) Coming out of the 50s. (Blake) The oldest
herbicide there is is 2,4-D, and now, now it's one of the biggest herbicides on the market with the,
uh... the new herbicide trait technologies. (Tim) Who would have thought? I mean, exactly. Exactly!
If Treflan ever can come back, trifluralin, that'd be a big thing. (Bryan) Oh, my! We'd...
everybody have yellow... yellow everywhere. (Tim) Exactly! Exactly. (Bryan) There'd be

(37:20):
yellow everywhere, Tim! (Blake) It's still used some. (Bryan) Still used. Yep. I think the last
time I used that was in sorghum. (Blake) Yeah. (Bryan) That was the last time I used
it was in sorghum. (Blake) Yeah, specialty crops. (Tim) But... but that was one that... that... that
was used very widely. Extremely widely. And... but who knows what's going to be the next big
revolution? (Blake) That's right. (Bryan) And Blake, tell me about what the companies are

(37:42):
talking about for what '32 and beyond look like. Got any thoughts there? (Blake) Well,
we've... we've all heard Dr. Kevin Bradley's talk on herbicides and resistance. Well, the answer to
resistance right now that we have from... from all the companies is integrating more herbicides. So,

(38:03):
right now we have a three-way stack in... in most cases. We have Dicamba/Liberty/Roundup is one.
2,4-D/Liberty/Roundup is another. Now, we have a five-way stack that will be getting approved,
hope... in the next few years. I don't know. I'm not going to say a date, but in the next few

(38:23):
years, um... from one of the big companies where we have 2,4-D/dicamba/glyphosate/glufosinate and
Mesotrione. So HPPPD. The Callisto of the world, that's Mesotrione. So now we have a five-way
stack, and then in a few years after that, we're going to have a six-way stack. So we

(38:46):
have the same five stacked with PPO, so the, uh... Flumioxazins, the Valors, or the Sulfentrazones,
the authorities of the world, will be... (Tim) Some older chemistry. (Blake) Right. Now,
we're having to spray those pre only. Um... but we're going to be able to spray those post in

(39:06):
2030s. (Tim) All right. Wow. (Blake) So the answer right now, the only answer we have, is just keep
stacking on more herbicides. Stack them on there. (Tim) Now you know, using the, uh... the pre's as
post, that would... that... that'd be great to be able to do that. Does it worry you about taking
that corn herbicide and start putting it on soybean acres? (Blake) It absolutely does. (Tim) Because

(39:27):
we're so much of the corn/soybeans, corn/soybean, corn/soybeans. (Blake) That's right. (Bryan) Oh,
yeah. (Blake) And we're putting so much pressure on HPPPDs and corn. (Tim) Yes. (Blake) That's
that's the number one... (Tim) Already! (Blake) Already. Absolutely. (Bryan) Daily.
(Blake) Every... every... I'm not going to say every. 90% of the corn fields out here have an HPPPD on them,
and Mesotrione's the most popular, (Tim) Right! (Blake) ...from a cost-effective standpoint,

(39:52):
and now we can use that in soybean. We all know what can happen when we overuse a single molecule,
like glyphosate for instance, we can increase the resistance. The speed of resistance. (Tim) I was
on the soy... on... on the weed tour, you know, the IPM tour in the mid-90s when, uh... Round-Up

(40:14):
Ready soybeans came out. And the weed scientists were the first ones that get to use them. And
there was a lot of the folks from... from industry on the wagon talking about what weed would be the
first one to be resistant, and everybody was guessing morning glory. And they were wrong!
(Bryan) Really?! (Tim) Yeah! Because... because it was already a little bit weak... Roundup was a

(40:36):
little bit weak on morning glory to start with it, so that would be the one. Never thought about
our... our pigweed family. Never thought about that one. (Bryan) Really? (Blake) Now it's in every
field. (Bryan) Now it's in every... [laughter] (Tim) Yeah! Yeah. So... So again, Mother Nature
won. (Bryan) Yes. (Blake) That's right. (Tim) Yes. (Blake) So we think we've been kind of doom and

(40:57):
gloom on... on herbicide resistance. Now, with all these herbicide traits coming in... into the play,
we can manage it. We just have to be proper stewards. We need to scout our fields, make sure
we're not spraying, you know... we have 4-inch... 4-inch weeds. That's about the size of a pop can.
Soda can. (Tim) Mhm (Blake) Not a yard stick. That's not a 4-inch weed. (Tim) Yeah! Our... yeah,

(41:21):
we did that. And I say we. We did that. 4-inch weeds. (Blake) Yeah, yeah. Yeah, yeah. So I mean,
we can... we can be proper stewards. Overlap our residuals. Um... best time to control the weed
is before it's up. (Bryan) Always. (Blake) And we're putting a lot of pressure on our Group 15s
right now too. (Bryan) Yes, sir! (Blake) So the... (Tim) Group 15s are? (Blake) The long-chain

(41:41):
fatty acid inhibitors. So we have, um... Dual, Warrant... (Tim) Oh, sure. (Blake) ...Outlook,
Zidua. They, uh... (Tim) Or PPI? Or... or pre's (Bryan) Yes. (Blake) Pre's. Just residuals
only (Tim) Mhm (Blake) Um... putting a lot of pressure on them. And we've actually started to
see some slip in Group 15s in Illinois. They did a survey, and we're starting to see some

(42:02):
resistance to Group 15s, which we're putting a lot of pressure on them, so we need to keep
them around. (Tim) Right. (Blake) So we need to stack multiple modes of action and... and
be proper stewards on our fields. (Tim) So would we want at least two modes of action? Let's say
waterhemp's our big weed. We want two modes of action out there? Pre... as a pre? (Blake) Three

(42:23):
is. Three is what we want. (Tim) Three is even better? Well, I thought I was doing good with just
two! (Blake) I mean, cost comes into play, right? Um... that's... that's the bus... the farming is a
business. (Tim) Sure. (Blake) We're not... farmers aren't just out there planting because it's fun.
They're planting because it's a business. So, at the end of the day we have to make sure

(42:44):
everything's cost effective, so that's why we're seeing pressure on these certain molecules because
it is less expensive to spray them. (Tim) So... So herbicides are... are a big thing. Pesticides in
general. And because I know, um... Mandy Bish was telling us when she was here, "Don't get
too carried away with fungicides." (Bryan) Yep. (Blake) That's right. (Tim) Because make sure you

(43:04):
scout your fields first because we don't want to waste that... those... those dollars, nor do we want
to lose this technology. (Blake) Yeah. Same thing... same thing applies to fungicides and insecticides
as we have with herbicides. We don't want to just spray to spray. We want to be scouting our field,
seeing if there's disease present, and if there's not, maybe we don't need to spray. Now, with

(43:26):
you... you mentioned frogeye leaf spot. That's one I'm sure Mandy talked about when she was here. Is,
we've already seen resistance happen with our strobilurin class of herbicide... or fungicides
to frogeye. And what she's worried about, and what other pathologists are worried about, is
if we just spray to spray, we're not scouting our fields, we can increase that speed of resistance

(43:50):
to maybe other classifications of fungicides. So we are seeing some health benefits of the
strobilurin class of fungicides, so that stay green effect in soybean and corn, but not every
acre needs a fungicide. It's not always going to have your return on investment, so that's

(44:12):
really when we need to, uh... to be scouting our fields. And if we see a disease, contact your,
uh... your state pathologist or... or Extension to see if you should be spraying. (Bryan) Yeah.
One thing as a past regulator, the fungicide and insecticide market is probably the hardest market
place to bring onto commercial terms because we are dealing with items and active ingredients that

(44:38):
have multiple effects across not only what you're targeting, but other things around it. So keeping
that in mind, the least we spray, the lease... the lesser our risk. And we don't have as many
flags in agriculture on that case, and that way we're being more steward of our approach. We're
saving and reducing the amount of resistance, but we're also allowing our chemistries to work their

(45:02):
true lifespan and not develop resistance that we should not have had. So that is probably one
of the hardest two classes are insecticides and fungicides a lot of times when you're trying to
deregulate these chemistries that are developed. In the world of a past regulator, it is always,
always a fun battle fighting, um... to keep those on the market and even bring a new one

(45:27):
on market. (Tim) So we've seen the See & Spray sprayer that's... that came out. That's going
to reduce our herbicide and load that... that we use hopefully, and also maybe even our...
our resistance speed. Would the same thing help down the road for fungicides and insecticides?
Where they... where something can detect a... a disease or... or... or an insect issue? (Blake) Yeah,

(45:50):
I'm not sure how... how accurate the cameras are because... (Tim) Yet. (Blake) Yet. I mean,
let's just take, I'll use the easy one, it's tar spotting corn. (Tim) Uhhuh. (Blake) It's... it's
difficult to see the... the spot. I mean, the spots aren't really that difficult, but what if
it's not tar spot? What if it's just insect frass? So it might be mistaking some... some other,

(46:15):
um... factor as a disease. So we... I'm not sure if they're there yet. They might be. Um... and
we're also spraying fungicides as a preventative too, not just a curative. So... (Tim) Yeah,
because it's harder to cure a fungal outbreak than it is to prevent it. (Blake) I use cure as a...
a loose term. We're... we're stopping... (Tim) Stopping it from spreading. (Blake) Stopping the

(46:38):
damage, I guess. (Tim) Yeah, to reverse it is almost impossible. (Blake) Right. Yeah. (Tim) You know
another memory, again 40 plus years ago, our weed science professor was just kind of quizzing
us about what we... practicality that we knew, and... and... and if you had this weed problem
in soybeans, what would you spray? And one of the students said Roundup, and we all laughed
at him. You know, that'll never happen. You know? It happened! (Blake) Yep. (Tim) So...

(47:04):
so technology will change, I think, in... in... and I can see lots of... lots of
changes happening. (Blake) So it's... it's funny you mentioned technology. So if somebody would
have came up to you and told you that we would be electrocuting weeds 40 years ago, what would you
have said? (Tim) That's silly! (Blake) Yeah! There's no way! Well, MSMC did fund a project

(47:25):
with Dr. Kevin Bradley on weed electrocution, so it actually has a bar out there. I don't know if
you've seen videos of it. (Tim) Oh, we've had it on the show before! (Blake) Oh, you have? Shooting
electrodes out. Electrocuting weeds. It's really fun! Um... catching weeds on fire is always fun.
But that... that's the new... the next approach. We're so relying on herbicides that we're trying

(47:48):
to integrate IPM, integrate multiple different agronomic practices, as well as looking at new
technologies, whether that might be drones... you said See & Spray. (Tim) Right. (Blake) There's...
there's technology out there now that you can map a field, and it can identify weeds similarly
to like a See & Spray. But you map the field, and then have a drone go out and spray. We're... we're

(48:12):
currently looking at... at, um... making sure the drones have that capability. So there's been a lot
of... lot of claims with drones that if you asked me 5 to 10 years ago... well, maybe not 10. Five
to seven years ago, I thought drones were going to be taking over. (Tim) Right. (Blake) I thought
they were going to be almost replacing ground rigs. We're not there yet. They're they have their

(48:33):
place, but I don't think they're the silver bullet that we all thought they were. (Tim) Well, and
right now I'm... I'm getting excited about these small robots that can go out in your field and
work all day. (Blake) Absolutely. (Tim) You know, 24/7. (Blake) Autonomous. Just the full world of
autonomy, I think, is... is the next... next step. You're not going to have huge equipment. You...

(48:55):
that might still have a place, but I was out at a conference where a guy had the biggest equipment
in... in the country. That's... that was the goal. Just get bigger, bigger, and bigger! And he said,
"That... that's not really the most economical thing I should be doing." He took a step back
and is now running several smaller autonomous tractors and doing all of his field work, his...

(49:18):
his spraying or weed removal all autonomously. (Tim) Well, because we used to... yeah, we knew
the equipment caused compaction, but that wasn't what's limiting our yields. Everything else is. We
have other issues. Now compaction can be an issue. (Blake) Very much. (Tim) Fertility. You know, when
we didn't worry about it as much before, now we're starting to get into how micronutrients can... can

(49:41):
affect qual... quality of our... of our soybeans. How it can affect the yield. So there's... it's
continuing to change. (Blake) Well, let's... let's look at sulfur. (Tim) Mhm (Blake) Sulfur, um...
back when emissions weren't quite as... as good as they are now with ultra-low sulfur diesel, we had
a lot of atmospheric sulfur. So soybean could... could take in the sulfur, and we didn't see any,

(50:06):
um... any symptomologies of... of... (Tim) Right! (Blake) ...sulfur reduction. And now
we're starting to see that we have to apply sulfur in our fertilizer recommendations, or with our
herbicide applications, to help supplement that sulfur. (Tim) And what I've noticed is industry
in that respect is ahead of university. (Blake) In regard to? (Tim) Sulfur. (Blake) Yeah! (Tim) They

(50:29):
really are. I talked to my friends in industry, "Yeah, we're doing it!" Where... whereas sometimes
the university is a little bit slower on that part. That's where I think we've kind of fell
down a little bit. (Blake) Sure. And there's a lot of... lot of biologicals on the market
now with maybe it's increasing our fertilizer uptake, making the PNK more available. Um...

(50:50):
nitrogen fixating. There's... there's all kinds of different biologicals out there that... that
is on the market and that we're playing with. (Tim) Sometimes I think our technology gets ahead
of our application. (Blake) Drones are a perfect example of that. (Tim) They are! (Blake) They're
moving faster than the research can keep up. (Tim) Mhm. You know, GPS back in 25 years ago
got... kind of got ahead of everything, or maybe it's 30 years ago. Whenever it came out in the

(51:12):
late 90s. It... it got ahead of us a little bit. All right. Well, we're about out of time. Is there
anything that you want to add before we have to sign off? (Bryan) I was going to say real quick,
you said that we were a little bit behind technology on sometimes when it comes to industry,
and I think that... that can be perceived in that way, but what I think that a lot of people and

(51:33):
farmers don't realize is that the checkoff work is sometimes doing that in such a microscopic level
in the research capacity that it's not showing up because the industry has the marketing,
the overall plan to make that happen. It takes us a little bit to get things going, then we do
subsequent research, and we are there. And we have developmental in within our own germplasm

(51:56):
or within our own research packets, but that... that aspect. And the other thing is, Tim, I don't
want somebody coming and fact checking me on the year. I think 1924 was when they brought soybeans
to the Mid-South. I don't know, but I thought that I would be like... [laughter] (Tim) Seems
about right! (Bryan) It's... it's in... it's in that range. But I remember that was, um... the
Harts Company, if I'm not... Harts I think was one of the first ones in the Mid-South. (Tim) Well,

(52:17):
I got a... I got a MU publication from 1926 about soybeans, so I think you're pretty
close. (Bryan) It's close. (Tim) I think you're pretty close. (Bryan) I think that... I think
that the takeaway is today is that we're always working and looking at different things. Yes,
industry can... and can do a lot of research with their price points and their ability for
funds to do that, but the checkoff's doing some really cool work on behalf of the farmers in this

(52:39):
state to make sure that they have the ability to harvest a crop every season. (Tim) And that
return on investment. (Bryan) Yes, sir. (Tim) You know, that's... (Blake) Yeah, so we have those...
those... we'll go back to those three buckets from the... the Merchandising Council. We have
research, so we're trying to make more soybean or higher quality soybean. We have the demand,

(53:00):
so we're trying to be... have an end use for those soybeans and sell them, or maybe a new use. And
then educating on what we're doing. So, I would end with, if you're a soybean farmer and you have
a great idea like, "Hey, we're not looking at... at this research. I think some more research needs
to be done." Um... get on the website, send me an email. I would love to... to hear your ideas

(53:24):
because we're always trying to brainstorm and how we can increase production and help
Missouri soybean farmers. (Tim) All right. Well, thank you all so much! It's... it's been great,
Bryan and and Blake, uh... to know more about what the Missouri Soybean Association
and Missouri Soybean Merchandising Council is doing, but how it... how it interacts with,

(53:45):
uh... university researchers to help Missouri farmers and all farmers across the country.
All right! Well, this is it for Tim's Take, and we... we hope to see you next time. Bye!
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