September 1, 2024 • 44 mins
Let Freedom Ring on September 1st! Political freedoms? Check! Stereotype freedoms? Check! Even gravitational freedoms? Yep! Check that too! September 1st has all kinds of freedoms to celebrate.
- The Liberty Bell landed on the docks of Philly today - wanna guess what happened on the very first ring?
- The third female living in America became a published author on this day - but you may be surprised as to which young lady has the honor!
- The “Superman” of Jet Planes set world records for speed and altitude on this day 50 years ago - can you believe that a product of the 60’s will likely never be surpassed?
If it's a special day for you or for someone you care about, why not learn a little more about today by listening to some fun, engaging tales of the past. You’ll find yourself a little smarter and have some great stories you can tell in the parking lot at “back to school night”! If you need some great gift ideas, we have those too (along with links to where you can find them on Amazon).
Learn more about today’s historical exhibits here (these links worked in mid-2024 - not sure how long the links will be available):
- Link to The Liberty Bell Center
- Link to The Museum of the American Revolution
Gift ideas for folks who celebrate September 1st:
- There’s all kinds of Liberty Bell decor, books and a really neat wall decal that I mentioned in the segment!
- Check out Phillis Wheatley’s poetry books here, or perhaps a poster works for your “collector” loved one(s).
- A model of the Blackbird would look really good on your loved one’s desk or knick-knack shelf. There’s also books and a really neat photo set.
- There’s lots of cool stuff to celebrate famous birthdays from today featuring Dr. Phil, Gloria Estefan, Zendaya and Carlos Sainz Jr.
- Similarly, there are fun gift options to celebrate today’s holidays: American Chess Day, Cherry
Text me your favorite time travel movie!!!
~~~ DayStrider Fun ~~~
Do you want to be mentioned here in the podcast? Or do you want me to do a shout-out for a loved one? All you need to do is send me an e-mail: daystriderstories@gmail.com
Better yet, you can record your own shout-out by leaving me a voice message using this SpeakPipe link
Do you have a story that you wish to share? Join me as a guest and let’s tell the world together! Once again, just send me an e-mail or find me here on Facebook: Truman Pastworthy
If you had as much fun listening as I did creating this episode, please click "follow" in your favorite podcast platform . . . oh . . . and even better - why not share it with a friend (or three)! I’m betting you know just the perfect person who would enjoy today’s stories!
If you feel adventurous, how 'bout writing a great review? :-)
Mark as Played
Transcript
Episode Transcript
Available transcripts are automatically generated. Complete accuracy is not guaranteed.
Truman (00:01):
Welcome, seeker.
Did you know that September 1stis a day filled with freedoms?
Freedom from oppressive rule,personal freedoms, and even
gravitational freedoms.
Today in history has it all.
Well, guess what?
Your portal is all warmed upand ready to stride through
history with me.
Our journey will first take usto the docks of Philadelphia,
(00:24):
where a big bronze bell wasbroken on its very first ring.
After that, we'll hop and skipup to the docks of Boston, where
an inquisitive familydiscovered a child prodigy that
you really need to meet.
Then we'll zoom to New York andwe'll do our best to keep up
with the fastest airplane thathas ever been made.
(00:44):
So fast that it couldn't evenbe shot down out of the sky.
We'll return you to your normalself with a bit more knowledge
and some great stories to sharewith others.
After striding throughSeptember 1st, you'll have a
whole new appreciation for howpersistence, courage,
determination, and sometimesgood old engineering genius can
(01:07):
change the future entirely.
Time's a-tickin', so let's getto it.
Music (01:21):
Music
Truman (01:22):
Welcome, seekers, to the enchanting world of Daystrider,
the podcast where we embark ona daily journey through history.
I'm your travel guide, TrumanPastworthy, and together we'll
explore some fascinating storiesthat happened on this exact
day, but from some time in thepast.
From groundbreaking inventionsto remarkable birthdays and
(01:43):
extraordinary events to quirkynational holidays, we've got it
all.
So kick back, relax, and openyour mind for some lighthearted
stories that'll leave yousaying, huh, I never knew that
happened on this day.
Alrighty then, let's get to it.
Imagine your favorite localchurch asked you to head the
(02:05):
committee to find them a newchurch bell.
You know, because the one theyhad was just too small and
couldn't be heard all acrossyour growing town.
and they knew you could get thejob done.
So, you go out and do afundraiser and raise about
$40,000.
You find the perfect bellmaker,and then you wait a handful of
(02:27):
months for it to arrive.
And you're so excited as youunpack it and decide to make a
haul video to post to yourfriends.
And you get it all set up, andyou give the clacker a swing,
and clunk! The bell doesn'tring.
It just clunks.
Because the bell cracked.
on your very first sound test.
(02:47):
What?
You've got to be kidding me.
It's broken on the first try.
You can't post your video, butyou can go write a scathing
review.
But then now what?
You still need a bell.
Are you going to ship it back?
Well, on this day in 1752, theLiberty Bell arrived on the
(03:08):
docks of Philadelphia.
It was shipped there from aLondon bellmaker, and when they
finally got it set up to test itout, This actually happened.
It cracked on the very firsttry and didn't ring.
How about that?
Now, hold on.
This isn't the crack.
All right.
Let me tell you the story.
(03:28):
So Ben Franklin and his croniescouldn't just send the bell
back.
They had already spent goodmoney on this thing, 150 pounds,
which is about $40,000 today.
And it would cost more thanthat to ship the bell back and
have it repaired.
Another option, they could finda pair of local Johns to fix
it, and that's exactly what theydid.
(03:50):
A couple of local Johns.
Now, if you've seen the NicolasCage movie American Treasure,
you know about Pass and Stowe.
Those are the two Johns, JohnPass, John Stowe.
They melted down the bell, andthey recast it, and they
reinscribed it, and they got itworking like new again.
(04:10):
Eh, not so fast.
You know, these two Johns weremechanics, not bell makers.
And so when they clanged theirnew bell, it sounded horrible.
Come on, guys.
Hey, give us another chance.
They melted it down again, andthey recast it again.
Will the third time be thecharm?
(04:31):
Yep, it worked.
And it became the official bellof the city.
Yay for the statehouse bell.
Wait, what?
Statehouse bell?
Hold on, hold on, keeplistening.
So they rang this bell on allkinds of special occasions for
many years.
But it was strangely silent onJuly 4th, 1776.
(04:55):
Well, there's actually a goodreason for that.
The Declaration of Independencewas signed on that day, but no
one really knew about it yet.
They had to go get a bunch ofcopies printed out, and then...
They actually read the documentout loud in public on July 8th,
1776.
(05:15):
And that day, the bell wasringing and ringing to celebrate
freedom from the British rule.
Yay! So that's when theychanged the name to Liberty
Bell, right?
Nope.
Still the Statehouse Bell.
All right.
Let's flash forward a year anda half where the British are
coming, the War of Independenceis on, and they're making their
(05:37):
way down from New York throughNew Jersey towards Philadelphia
to put down these rabble-rousingcolonists.
And so Franklin and his croniesgot nervous, and they actually
dismounted the bell and had ithauled under guard to Allentown,
Pennsylvania, which is about 60miles north, and it was hidden
in the basement of a churchthere.
They didn't want anybody to gettheir bell.
(05:59):
Well...
Eventually, Washington and theContinental Army won the war and
the bell was returned toPhilly.
And so maybe now that libertyhas been gained from England, we
could change the name to theLiberty Bell, right?
Nope.
All right.
I do want to share the storyabout the crack in the bell.
(06:21):
So historians actually gettheir panties in a bunch here
because it's not well documentedwhen the actual crack in the
bell that we know of today whenit was formed.
The most popular belief is thatit happened in 1835, so that's
80-some years of qualityringing.
But this time when it cracked,they didn't want to melt it back
(06:42):
down because it had a historynow.
So instead, they drilled outthe crack in an effort to repair
it, and then they used theseplugs so that the bell could
actually keep ringing.
Yeah, and this repair job iswhy the crack is now so wide
that you can easily see ittoday.
And it worked.
And they kept ringing the bellfor another 11 years.
(07:04):
And then it cracked again.
And this time, it was threestrikes and you're out.
Because this crack wasunfixable.
And so the bell had to beretired.
But just to be clear, the crackyou see in the pictures was
that second one that theydrilled out and plugged.
You can't see the third crackunless you're up really close.
(07:25):
So they built a little museum,and they moved it to where
everyone could see the bell andreflect on its meaning in
American history.
And everyone was able to seethe inscriptions that were on
the bell.
And I haven't mentioned thatthe inscription included a Bible
verse from Leviticus 25.10 thatsays, Proclaim liberty
throughout the land unto all theinhabitants thereof, along with
(07:49):
pass and stow's names and thedate they remade it and such.
So now this...
is why people started callingit the Liberty Bell, right?
Because they could read thatBible inscription?
Nope.
Still not why.
Truman, just tell us then, whyis it called the Liberty Bell?
All right, I will.
(08:10):
Up in New York City around1833, so this is when the bell
was ringing pre-crack, a few menstarted the American
Anti-Slavery Society.
And they wrote and printedarticles and books, and they
spoke in public about abolishingslavery.
They started a weekly newspaperto deliver the message, and
(08:31):
they were trying to win freedomand liberty for the slaves
because they thought thatinstitution was wrong.
And in 1837, where the bell wasnow ringing post-crack, they
began using the bell as theirlogo.
It was recognizable.
It was meaningful.
And of course, the inscriptionhad the word Liberty and all the
(08:53):
inhabitants throughout theland.
And so that was actually howthe Liberty Bell got its name.
Yay! And today, you can go seethe bell in Philly.
And they've perfectly situatedit in the Liberty Bell Center so
that it's set up with theoriginal statehouse right there
in the background.
And you can look at the bell,and then your eyes can travel up
(09:17):
the bell tower where it used toreside and ring, and you can
get this feeling, this sense ofawe for what the bell stands
for, for its place in history.
It's pretty neat.
And it's free admission, sothere's no reason not to go
check it out.
But they actually won't let youtouch the bell, much less try
to ring it.
Now, while researching thissegment...
(09:39):
I learned that sometimesofficials actually lightly tap
the bell to softly ring it onspecial occasions.
I want to know how to get aticket to that event.
Yeah, so the bell itself, it'sactually pretty big.
It's about four feet tall.
And the bottom of the bell, thediameter, is just under four
feet.
(09:59):
And the walls of the bell arethree inches thick.
And it weighs in at just over2,000 pounds.
So it literally weighs a ton.
Now, you want to hear somethingpretty cool?
Back in 1944, they actuallyrang the bell and a local radio
station recorded the sevendings.
One ding for each letter of theword liberty.
(10:21):
So here's that sound.
Radio Announcer (10:24):
The seven strokes of liberty from the
world-famed Liberty Bell.
Music (10:33):
Liberty Bell.
Truman (10:41):
And then even more interesting, in 1999, some grad
students from Penn State wereable to take measurements of the
bell and create a digitalmodel.
And this helped themmathematically determine the
exact vibration that the bellwould have sounded in the E-flat
tone that it was originally setto ring in.
And so they approximated theoriginal sound.
(11:04):
Let's give that a listen.
Music (11:06):
BELL RINGS
Truman (11:15):
How cool is that?
The Liberty Bell.
Yeah, it's a symbol of freedomthat cracked under pressure, but
still rings true in the heartof history.
So I'm going to leave you witha great quote that I heard from
one of the curators who workedat the Center.
It can't make a sound, but it'sthe loudest bell in the world.
Roses are red and liberty isgreat.
(11:40):
Writing a review helps meelevate.
Can't find the words becauseyou're stuck in a crack?
Type, this pod's a ringer.
I'll keep coming back.
I want to share a story thatmay change your mindset a
little.
Maybe help you see potentialwhere before you only saw
(12:01):
limits.
So it was a hot, sunny day.
like any other along the GambiaRiver in the spring of 1761.
But for an eight-year-old girlplaying with her friends, this
day took an awful turn.
The Gambia flows through WestAfrica and dumps into the
Atlantic, and this region isrich with history and tradition
(12:22):
and populated with peacefulsouls.
But then, out of nowhere, aship full of bad men showed up,
and they kidnapped her alongwith hundreds of her family,
friends, and townsfolk.
They locked her up and forcedher and others to endure an
80-day sail from Western Africato Boston in America.
And later in July of that year,this sickly girl was sold to
(12:48):
John and Susanna Wheatley for atrifle.
And just like that, she becamethe slave of the Wheatley
family.
Since she didn't have a properEnglish name, her new owners
called her Phyllis, whichhappened to be the name of the
ship that that was her prisonand nightmare all those months.
Now historians believe thatJohn and Susanna were attracted
(13:10):
to Phyllis because they hadrecently lost a child that was
about her age, and they put herto work in their home as a
housekeeper.
But it wasn't long until theyrealized that they had a child
prodigy on their hands.
Historians believed thatPhyllis had observed the
Wheatley children doing theirreading and writing lessons each
(13:31):
day, And she took up some chalkand tried her hand at writing
on the board.
Now keep in mind what I'msharing today happened at a time
in history where people fromAfrica were dismissed as
incapable of learning.
Now I'm not trying to stirthings up about politics or race
here, but I do think it'simportant to understand that the
(13:53):
Europeans and their descendantsliving in America really had no
appreciation for theintellectual or artistic
abilities of the people fromAfrica arriving into America at
that time and forced intoslavery.
As we know today, the waypeople thought at that time were
dead wrong.
And our young friend Phyllis,she didn't justify expectations.
(14:16):
She shattered them by masteringthree languages.
Wow.
So it is believed that John andSusanna decided to teach
Phyllis how to read and write.
Probably as an experiment.
And perhaps they wanted to seejust how far she could go.
Well, as a 10-year-old, aboutthe equivalent of a 5th grader,
she mastered reading and writingin English, and then was also
(14:40):
able to learn Greek and Latin.
Music (14:43):
What?
Truman (14:44):
Yeah.
Now to keep you grounded here alittle, at this time in
America, most 5th gradersweren't even learning to read or
write.
There wasn't even a 5th gradefor another 50 years or so.
Most children were helpingtheir families sustain
themselves.
They had chores.
They had to work.
They had to go out and earnwages.
Phyllis was pretty darnspecial.
(15:05):
Now also, as Phyllis wasgrowing up, a thing called the
Great Awakening was sweepingthrough New England, bringing
with it a powerful wave ofreligious and social change.
Protestants like John Wesleyand George Whitefield traveled
all across the countrysidepreaching in towns and on
country roads.
And these two and others causedquite a stir with their
(15:27):
fire-and-brimstone approach topersuade people to open their
minds about religion.
And young Phyllis, she took allthis in and observed how
powerful words could be.
She learned how to wield wordsas a weapon and began crafting
poetry that would move heartsand open minds.
In her poetry, she craftedmessages using words to say
(15:51):
something very specific, butcould also be read to mean many
different things.
And this was powerful,especially her hidden messages
about freedom.
When she was 19, she wrote apoem about the late George
Whitefield that went viral.
Now back in 1770, going viralmeant that her poem was printed
(16:11):
on a bunch of leaves of paperand spread all around her town
and other towns for people toread.
Her motivations to write such amoving piece to mourn
Whitefield likely arose from herchildhood traditions.
Back in her village, it was therole of the young girls to sing
hymns at memorial services forthe recently deceased.
Anyway, this poem's popularitywas a major shock to people in
(16:34):
that area, because the poem wasso well done and so moving, yet
many couldn't believe that itwas written by a black person.
Phyllis essentially changed thevery notions of who could
create such art.
Think about it.
At 18 years old, Phyllis wasforcing people of all ages to
(16:55):
reconsider their prevailingstereotypes about those with
different color skin.
She kept writing and writing,and her American parents, and
using that term lightly, theWheatleys, wanted to see if they
could help her get a book ofpoems published.
So they sent her along withtheir oldest son to England to
(17:15):
find a publisher and have anactual book made.
And with some good fortunethere, they were successful.
And on this day in 1773,Phyllis became the first person
of African descent in America tobecome published, the first
slave in America to becomepublished.
Not only that, she was thethird woman of any color skin in
(17:36):
all of colonial America to havepublished a book.
This is remarkable.
Yeah, her book, Poems onVarious Subjects, Religious and
Moral, was the real deal.
It was a hardback edition thatincluded a foreword that was
signed by John Hancock and otherBoston notables of the time.
Yes, that's the John Hancock,yes.
You can find copies online, ofcourse, and you can see an
(18:00):
original version of the book inthe Museum of American
Revolution in Philadelphia.
Interestingly, they included afull-page portrait of Phyllis in
the book so that people wouldknow that the author was a black
person.
Not only that, it also clearlyexplained that she was a servant
to John Wheatley, leaving nodoubt that she was enslaved at
(18:22):
that time.
Now Phyllis was emancipatedsoon after her book was
published, but then she hadanother notable writing
experience that I want to share.
She actually had the chance toexchange communications with
George Washington in early 1776.
So that's when he and thecolonies were still inching
towards independence.
(18:43):
She wrote a poem about freedomand revolution that was
supporting Washington and theContinental Army that was
published in newspaperseverywhere.
The ending went like this.
Proceed, great chief, withvirtue on thy side.
Thy every action let thegoddess guide.
A crown, a mansion, and athrone that shine, with gold
(19:07):
unfading, Washington be thine.
Yep, there's more to that poem.
You can look it up.
But that was the ending, andupon hearing of it, George
Washington actually responded toher with a letter.
Yes, the future president madetime to write a letter to praise
her for her great works of art.
He expressed that he couldn'twrite such poetry.
(19:29):
He even invited her to visitwith him to be entertained and
discuss her work.
Wow, that's pretty impressive,right?
Yeah, but sadly, Phyllis's lifeended prematurely at the age of
31 with health issues, and itis believed that there were
complications with herchildbirth.
After her emancipation, Phyllislived and worked in Boston and
(19:51):
eventually married John Peters,who had also been emancipated,
and they went on to have threechildren, but sadly none of them
survived, all health issues.
Phyllis Wheatley's journeyredefined the limits of what was
thought possible, not just fora young girl enslaved in a
foreign land, but for any whobelieved that the mind and
(20:12):
spirit could be bound by chains.
Her words broke through thebarriers of ignorance and
prejudice, proving that thelight of genius knows no bounds.
A time traveler's delightheroes stories we share with
courage and valor that's beyondcompare.
(20:33):
If these tales have inspiredyou way deep down, please share
with your friends and pass thewonder around.
Imagine that you had theopportunity to go for a ride in
the fastest airplane ever built.
And the ride would also be thehighest an airplane has ever
(20:53):
flown at this record speed.
Now, if you even had the nerveto agree to such an adventure...
Now imagine that you've passedall the health tests necessary
because not just anyone can flyat three and a half times the
speed of sound for several hoursas you fly halfway around the
world and back.
(21:13):
Okay, so you've got up thenerve and you've passed the
health test.
Now you're all suited up, andnow you're walking up to this
sleek-looking jet black,dark-looking craft.
It's more like a sci-fispaceship than it is an
airplane, with its long, slenderbody, with what appears to be
razor-sharp wings, and arazor-pointed nose.
(21:37):
It's actually quiteintimidating to see this thing
up close.
But not only that, as youapproach, you can tell...
that fluids are dripping out ofthe plane all over the runway.
And you ask, hey, what is thisstuff?
And someone says, ha, don'tworry about that.
That's just jet fuel.
And don't worry, it has a veryhigh flashpoint.
(21:57):
You could drop a match on thisstuff and it wouldn't catch
fire.
So you're safe.
Okay, it won't catch fire whileI'm walking across it.
But what about the plane?
It's leaking fuel.
Is somebody going to dosomething about that?
Yeah, good question.
Yeah, who'd want to get on aplane that's leaking fuel all
(22:17):
over the runway?
Well, there's actually a goodreason the SR-71 Blackbird had
that problem.
But we'll get to that in aminute.
So back in the 50s and 60s, theCold War between the U.S.
and Russia was heating up.
It was pretty intense.
Well, the U.S.
had this spy plane called theU-2 that could fly really high
(22:39):
and take pictures of all theactivities going on in Russia.
But one day, one of these U-2sgot shot down, and then tensions
really heated up, because nowRussia had proof for the whole
world that the U.S.
was flying over top of itscountry and spying on them.
And now the U.S.
couldn't fly that planeanymore, and so they no longer
(22:59):
had a way to know what theRussians were up to.
So the CIA asked the LockheedMartin folks, they have a
skunkworks team, that's whatthey were called, come up with
an answer.
And the answer was, make asuperman of airplanes, meaning
faster than a speeding bulletand able to leap tall buildings
in a single bound.
(23:19):
And they did it.
In the early 1960s, this teamof crack engineers worked around
the clock for hours and hours,months and months, to come up
with a spy plane that was sofast it could outfly any
missiles that were fired at it.
It literally was faster than aspeeding bullet.
Oh, and it flew so high that noother plane could even get up
(23:42):
that high to intercept it andshoot it down.
And for 25 years that thisplane was in service, it was
never harmed by enemy fire.
Over 3,500 missions.
How about that?
Oh, it was fired on hundreds oftimes.
There are even stories by thepilots where they could
literally see the missiles beinglaunched at them through the
(24:04):
powerful spy cameras.
which might make the bravestperson even a little nervous.
But yeah, the Blackbird flew sohigh and so fast that the
missiles just explodedharmlessly behind them, even up
to two miles back.
Is that all you got?
Can you imagine that?
Being able to go so fast, theenemy can't even hit you with
(24:25):
their weapons.
And this is over a span of 25years.
So they knew this thing was outthere and they still couldn't
build missiles fast enough.
Anyway.
To fly this high and this fastmeant a number of things going
on.
The biggest of which is theplane got really hot.
Air friction caused it to besuperheated up.
So 800 degrees at the nose ofthe plane, which is as hot as a
(24:48):
blowtorch, and over 3,400degrees at the back where the
flames are bursting out from theengines.
That's actually why theypainted the plane black.
Its official name was SR-71,but they called it the Blackbird
because of the paint.
And even though paint addsweight that would slow the plane
down, it helps dissipate someof the heat to keep the plane
(25:10):
cooler as it's flying.
Don't ask me how that works.
I don't know the physics there.
But there is another physicsproblem.
The plane got so hot that itslength expanded six whole inches
once it got going.
Now, six inches is about thelength of your mobile phone, and
you might say, that's not muchfor a 100-foot-long plane.
Wait a second.
(25:31):
Think about it.
All that metal is expanding outsix inches and then cooling
back down when it gets onto theground.
Wouldn't that cause wrinkles asit expands out and then leave
gaps when it cools down?
Or both?
Yes, both.
Literally.
When the planes landed,sometimes they had to remove
some of the airplane skin andiron it flat again.
And remember in the beginningof this segment when I talked
(25:53):
about that fuel leaking?
They actually had to build theplane so that when it was on the
ground, there were gaps in someof the pieces.
But then once it got flying,all the metal heated up and
expanded, and bam, all thosegaps were closed nice and tidy.
No fuel leaks up in the air.
Voila.
Yeah.
That sounds crazy, doesn't it?
And there's a whole lot morecrazy about this jet plane.
(26:15):
You know how you have oil inyour car's engine to keep it
running smooth, right?
And maybe you know that whenyour engine's cold, the oil's a
little thicker.
But as the engine runs andheats up, the oil gets hot and
thins out, right?
Well, the Blackbird's oil wasso thick that it was almost a
solid.
The oil actually had to bewarmed up pre-flight to soften
(26:36):
enough to be effective until theplane heated up to its normal
flying temperatures, which, as Isaid, was as hot as a
blowtorch.
And remember when I told youthat the leaking jet fuel
wouldn't ignite if you dropped amatch on it?
Yeah, this feature enabled themto use the fuel as a coolant.
So yes, they flushed the fuelaround the innards of the plane
(26:58):
to keep the important partscool.
Yes, fuel that would be burned.
Yes, that was a coolant.
I could go on and on, like therubber tires.
Regular rubber tires wouldmelt, so they had to mix in
aluminum flex into the tires tokeep them from melting.
And the titanium, the metalthey used for this plane...
They had to create severalmillion brand new airplane parts
(27:20):
from scratch because theycouldn't just go buy titanium
parts off the shelf from otherairplane suppliers.
Oh, and get this, they couldn'teven find enough high quality
titanium in the United States.
So the CIA had to set up abunch of shell companies to buy
the best quality titanium in theworld, which happened to be
(27:40):
mined and sold in Russia.
Yeah.
Thanks, guys, for giving us thestuff we're going to end up
using to spy on you.
All right.
Speaking of titanium, drillinga hole in this stuff was
insanity.
Think about it.
If you're a tool nerd like me,you have a set of
titanium-tipped drill bits.
(28:01):
Yeah.
And you can use those to drillthrough anything.
And they get the job done.
And for normal airplanes, whenyou drill holes in the aluminum,
you can drill hundreds andhundreds of holes before
resharpening your drill bits.
But when you're drilling intitanium, it's a whole lot more
challenging.
They had to resharpen theirdrill bits every few minutes.
And that's after engineeringspecial cutting angles and using
(28:24):
special cutting lubricants.
It's crazy.
And then here's a littlesurprise.
It's not even about science.
It's a social matter.
Working on this project was sodemanding and challenging, the
senior leaders only wanted torecruit the very best machinists
from the pool of workers.
Now, since it's governmentairplane manufacturing, these
(28:45):
are going to be union workers.
And so the rule was thatemployers had to take the most
tenured people for each type ofrole, no matter how good or bad
that employee was.
But this project demanded thatthey have the very best, no
matter how old the person was.
So they actually invited theunion bosses in to tour the
(29:05):
place and show them theextremely top-secret project and
help them see...
How critical it was that theymake an exception for this
tenure thing.
And the union bosses agreed.
How about that?
All right.
I'm running out of time here.
And there's so many things tosay about this amazing airplane.
One quick funny story.
They had the plane built andready to cart out to the test
(29:28):
site.
And they hauled the plane onthis big, huge trailer, 35 feet
wide and over 100 feet long.
But guess what?
Along the road, there werehighway signs, and the wings
were sticking out past thetrailer, and they would have
bumped into the signs and causeddamage.
So there was this crew whosejob it was was to lead the
convoy, cut down the signs witha hacksaw, and then after the
(29:50):
plane drove past, the crew wouldbolt the signpost back in place
as if nothing ever happened.
Yeah.
All right, let's wrap up.
Let's finally get to why we'retalking about this airplane in
the first place.
So I've said over and over,this plane is fast.
When they took it up for theirrecord-setting flight, they
clocked in at about 2,100 milesan hour.
(30:12):
That means it can travel a milein two-thirds of a second.
That's fast.
So today, a normal passengerplane makes a nonstop flight
from New York to London in aboutseven hours.
The Blackbird took that sametrip on this day in history in
1974 in one hour and 54 minutes.
It was zooming.
(30:32):
Now, one last tidbit.
The plane used anastro-navigation system, which
meant that it looked up at thestars to tell where it was at
every second during flight.
It went so fast that normallocation systems couldn't keep
up.
That's just crazy.
All right, I'll leave you withthis.
The SR-71 Blackbird wasn't justan airplane.
(30:54):
It was a symbol of unparalleledinnovation and daring.
And on this day, it shatteredrecords and proved that it was
uncatchable.
And therefore, unstoppable.
And guess what?
Since then, no one has evermade a faster plane.
And we're talking 50 years.
And there you have it.
(31:19):
Some great stories to sharewith your someone special to
celebrate September 1st.
Once again, those are...
how the Liberty Bell got itsname and its infamous crack.
You got to meet PhyllisWheatley, the child prodigy and
pioneer of stereotypere-engineering.
And we had some fun facts aboutthe Superman of spy planes, the
(31:42):
SR-71 Blackbird.
Now, if learning about nationalicons is your thing, then the
story about how the bald eaglebecame a U.S.
symbol will come out on June20th.
And the construction of theEiffel Tower...
will be on December 15th, socheck back in for those
episodes.
If you were inspired by PhyllisWheatley's courage and
(32:03):
achievements, then you will loveto learn about Clara Barton's
life on the May 21st episode.
Or, if writings that capturethe resilience of the human
spirit speaks to you, then checkout Anne Frank's life in the
June 25th episode.
And of course, if you likestories about fast planes, then
you will be jazzed up about theF-14 Tomcat Fighter, featured on
(32:27):
December 21st.
And then, if military anythingis your vibe, we've got a few
goodies for you on January 8th,February 23rd, and June 3rd.
Check them out.
Every day has a story, andthere's so much fun.
We're going to stride throughthem all until we're done.
Normally, my reflection momentis inspired by one of the
(32:52):
stories that we just heardabout.
But today is a littledifferent.
This episode is the 17th of itskind, which means that we have
50 stories out there about thisday in the past.
Yes, actually, it's 51.
Good catch, mathematician.
Good catch.
But 50 stories is kind of likea milestone, right?
(33:14):
It's pretty neat to think aboutthem all.
We've learned about inventionsand discoveries and famous
people who were born on that dayor started an organization on
that day or, like today,published a famous work on that
day.
We've heard about remarkableachievements by people and
machines, again, like today'simpressive airplane.
Throw in some parades andparties and even a fairy tale
(33:39):
and you have the makings of someextreme eclecticism.
And yes, that's actually aword, I looked it up.
Eclecticism.
Oh yeah, and don't forget theanimals.
We've celebrated llamas andhorses and food too.
Don't want to leave thetootsies or the tots out of the
mix.
But I'll tell you what, it'sbeen a lot of fun to research
(34:01):
all these stories.
And even more fun coming upwith the right bits to share
with each and every one of you.
Obviously, we want to be sureour stories are true.
And naturally, we can't squeezeevery little detail in about
each topic.
But this has been quite ajourney.
For someone who's nostalgic andlikes to learn and loves to
(34:23):
hear stories, it's the perfectway to celebrate the days of the
year.
And special thanks to all ofyou wonderful listeners.
We've climbed into the top 10%of all podcasts ever made.
That's worldwide.
So that's some great company tobe in for sure.
So thanks so much forlistening.
(34:44):
All right, so after you'veshared your special stories, you
can also mention the followingfamous folks who celebrate their
birthdays today.
Dr.
Phil celebrates September 1st.
You remember him from daytimeTV?
Yeah, he's not a physicianthough.
(35:05):
He did get his clinicalpsychology doctorate, but he was
on TV for 21 years givingadvice.
Does anyone remember how thathappened?
Well, Oprah was in a legalbattle in 1995 and she hired
Phil McGraw's legal consultingfirm and fell in love with his
folksy charm.
And then she began inviting himonto her show and bam, he got
(35:28):
himself a spinoff.
How about that?
Okay, Gloria Estefan adds acandle to her cake today.
She's a seven-time GrammyAward-winning singer, and she's
also an actress, and she'sauthored two New York Times
best-selling kids' books.
That's pretty neat.
She's best known for fusing herLatin musical style into
(35:50):
mainstream pop music in the 80sand 90s.
Zendaya adds another chapter toher life's book as she
continues to diversify herachievements.
She got her start on the DisneyChannel.
The most popular tour was fouryears on Shake It Up as Rocky
Blue.
But she's moved on from Disneyto star in Netflix movies.
(36:11):
And she's also done some voiceacting for several animated
movies, including Space Jam.
You go, girl.
Carlos Sanz Jr.
adds another lap around thecalendar.
He's known as the matador fromMadrid in racing circles.
He's a Formula One racer who'sconfident and aggressive, and
he's won a number of juniorchampionships in leagues, and he
(36:32):
continues to progress up theracing ladder.
All right, any guesses as towho could be the 50th most
famous person showing up onfamousbirthdays.com for
September 1st?
Well, today is the first time Iget to feature twins.
Rawan and Rayan Fahmy, YouTubestars.
They have over 10 millionsubscribers.
(36:53):
But you may have never heard ofthem because they're from
Jordan and now reside in theUnited Arab Emirates.
And so if you go to try tocheck out their videos and
English is your only language,you're going to be out of luck.
I'm not sure what Arabiclanguage it is that they speak,
but they have a lot of followersand subscribers.
(37:14):
And then, of course, when Ilooked at Wikipedia's
centenarians list, there was noone that they know of who is
over 100 years old and born onthis day.
No September 1sts.
Music (37:27):
Darn.
Truman (37:28):
All right.
Well, maybe next year.
All right.
What else is today?
Well, we celebrate AmericanChess Day.
And note that I emphasizedAmerican today.
Because there's also anInternational Chess Day on July
20th.
And there's more.
(37:48):
There's a National Chess Daythat's on the second Saturday in
October.
What?
Yeah, I don't get it.
I don't know why the chesspeople can't get their act
together and pick one day.
But I'll tell you what.
We're going to feature the gameof chess on the July 20th
episode because that's when theInternational Chess Federation
(38:09):
was founded.
See?
So there you go.
Solving all the problems hereat Daystrider.
Just picking one day.
Another oddball for you.
Today is Cherry Popover Day.
Now, when I researched what isa popover, it's basically a
twist on a muffin or a cupcakewhere the actual base of the
popover is skinny and then thepuff that comes out on top over
(38:33):
the edges looks kind of like amushroom.
That's a popover.
And there's even special pansto make popovers.
Now, I can't say that I'vetried them.
I don't even know that I'veseen them.
So, someone, anyone out there,give me a hand here.
Have you tried a popover?
Send me a text or leave me aSpeakPipe message.
(38:53):
Tell me all about it.
The first Sunday in Septemberdoes have one fun and funny
holiday.
Celebrating the ideal pet.
You never have to clean upafter this pet for peeing or
pooing in the house.
You don't even have to groom itor walk it.
In fact, you don't even have tofeed it.
What?
(39:14):
Today is Pet Rock Day.
So the Pet Rock was dreamed upby a guy named Gary Dahl in 1975
when he was listening to hispals all complain about their
pets.
So he went and found a nicerock and boxed it up with some
corrugated shavings, and the gaggift was born.
He then decided to market thisgag, and it went viral in the
(39:39):
mid-70s for about six months.
He made about $15 million fromthis gimmick, which translates
to $87 million today.
I'd take that, right?
For just painting a rock?
All right.
So you need a gift idea foryour loved one.
And in addition to retellingthe stories that you just
(40:00):
learned about on this day inhistory, you can have them open
up a gift that's customized totheir birthday.
And I have several great ideasfor you.
And as always, you can findlinks to these in the gift idea
section of the show notes.
Now often I mention that youcan get a unique gift for the
person who has everything.
And once again, today is noexception.
(40:23):
Starting with the Liberty Bell.
There are some really neatreplicas and other Liberty Bell
decor, but one cool thing Ifound was a large wall decal
that would be perfect for yourpatriotic-minded loved one.
If your loved one enjoyspoetry, or if they enjoy
collecting things, a book ofPhyllis Wheatley poems would be
(40:44):
the perfect gift idea for them.
And if your loved one has everykind of desktop knick-knack or
bookshelf collectible, I suggestyou scan their collection.
Because I'm betting they do nothave a mini SR-71 Blackbird
airplane model.
At least not yet they don't.
Uh-huh.
(41:05):
And I found a really cool pieceof wall art for this, too.
There's a set of Blackbirdprints that's pretty cool.
And the famous folks that wereborn today, they have some neat
gift ideas attached to them aswell.
Dr.
Phil books, Gloria Estefan CDs,Zendaya posters, and even
racing merch.
Similarly, today's specialholidays are also ripe with gift
(41:28):
ideas.
You can get pretty muchanything chess related from
decor to the actual board gameitself.
You can challenge your lovedone in the kitchen by giving
them a nice set of popoverbaking pans.
And if you want to getnostalgic with the late 1970s,
you can still find Pet Rocks outthere as a fun gift, whether
(41:48):
it's a gag or not.
Yep, see that?
All kinds of customized giftsfor folks who've circled
September 1st on the calendar.
And these ideas are unique onlyto this day of the year.
Well, except for the chessones, I give you that.
Okay, now if those ideas arenot cool enough, you can give
(42:09):
them a personalized shout-outright here on the podcast.
I can do the shout-out for you.
All you got to do is send me anemail with their name and
something fun you want to share.
Or you can do your ownshout-out by using the SpeakPipe
link that's available in theshow notes.
And here's the specialshout-out for today.
Guest (42:29):
Happy birthday, Vanessa.
It's Lucy.
I can't wait to see you again.
Happy birthday.
Hope your school year's great.
Happy birthday, Vanessa, fromNico.
Happy birthday to my littleVanessa.
Happy birthday to my bigVanessa.
Happy birthday to the Vanessawho's bigger than her grandma.
(42:49):
Happy birthday to you and manymore.
We love you, Vanessa.
Truman (42:57):
All right.
Way to go, folks.
As I mentioned, you can findthe link to do that in the show
notes.
And as always, if you have astory that just needs to be
shared about any day in thepast, Send me an email and let's
connect.
And guess what, my fellowDaystriders?
If you haven't noticed, we'veupdated the podcast artwork.
(43:18):
And so now we're ready to startspreading the love with some
Daystrider merch.
That's right.
Stickers are going to be thevery first item up for our prize
program.
Stay tuned for buttons,magnets, t-shirts, and maybe
even hats.
Because who wouldn't want tohave some fun time travel merch,
right?
So here's the challenge.
(43:39):
To get a sticker is reallyeasy.
All you got to do is go toPodchaser.com from your phone or
your laptop.
Find the Daystrider podcast andgive it a review.
Or you can pick your favoriteepisode and give that particular
episode a review.
See that?
It's easy.
Who's up for the challenge?
(43:59):
Who wants a sticker?
I hope everyone does, because Iwouldn't mind having to go out
and get extra stickers made,that's for sure.
Alrighty then, we're wrappingup.
Thanks so much for listeningand helping us get into the top
10% of all podcasts ever madeacross the entire planet.
That's amazing.
Let's keep striding on togetherand see how high we can get.
(44:22):
I hope you had half as much funlistening as I did creating
this episode.
And sharing it with a friend orfamily member would be
incredible and sincerelyappreciated.
Thanks so much for listening.
Until next time, this is TrumanPastworthy, reminding you that
(44:43):
every day has a great story.
And we'll be striding throughthem all to find some more
goodies for you.
Now get out there and make yourown great story today.
Welcome, seeker.
Did you know that September 1stis a day filled with freedoms?
Freedom from oppressive rule,personal freedoms, and even
gravitational freedoms.
Today in history has it all.
Well, guess what?
Your portal is all warmed upand ready to stride through
history with me.
Our journey will first take usto the docks of Philadelphia,
(00:24):
where a big bronze bell wasbroken on its very first ring.
After that, we'll hop and skipup to the docks of Boston, where
an inquisitive familydiscovered a child prodigy that
you really need to meet.
Then we'll zoom to New York andwe'll do our best to keep up
with the fastest airplane thathas ever been made.
(00:44):
So fast that it couldn't evenbe shot down out of the sky.
We'll return you to your normalself with a bit more knowledge
and some great stories to sharewith others.
After striding throughSeptember 1st, you'll have a
whole new appreciation for howpersistence, courage,
determination, and sometimesgood old engineering genius can
(01:07):
change the future entirely.
Time's a-tickin', so let's getto it.
Music (01:21):
Music
Truman (01:22):
Welcome, seekers, to the enchanting world of Daystrider,
the podcast where we embark ona daily journey through history.
I'm your travel guide, TrumanPastworthy, and together we'll
explore some fascinating storiesthat happened on this exact
day, but from some time in thepast.
From groundbreaking inventionsto remarkable birthdays and
(01:43):
extraordinary events to quirkynational holidays, we've got it
all.
So kick back, relax, and openyour mind for some lighthearted
stories that'll leave yousaying, huh, I never knew that
happened on this day.
Alrighty then, let's get to it.
Imagine your favorite localchurch asked you to head the
(02:05):
committee to find them a newchurch bell.
You know, because the one theyhad was just too small and
couldn't be heard all acrossyour growing town.
and they knew you could get thejob done.
So, you go out and do afundraiser and raise about
$40,000.
You find the perfect bellmaker,and then you wait a handful of
(02:27):
months for it to arrive.
And you're so excited as youunpack it and decide to make a
haul video to post to yourfriends.
And you get it all set up, andyou give the clacker a swing,
and clunk! The bell doesn'tring.
It just clunks.
Because the bell cracked.
on your very first sound test.
(02:47):
What?
You've got to be kidding me.
It's broken on the first try.
You can't post your video, butyou can go write a scathing
review.
But then now what?
You still need a bell.
Are you going to ship it back?
Well, on this day in 1752, theLiberty Bell arrived on the
(03:08):
docks of Philadelphia.
It was shipped there from aLondon bellmaker, and when they
finally got it set up to test itout, This actually happened.
It cracked on the very firsttry and didn't ring.
How about that?
Now, hold on.
This isn't the crack.
All right.
Let me tell you the story.
(03:28):
So Ben Franklin and his croniescouldn't just send the bell
back.
They had already spent goodmoney on this thing, 150 pounds,
which is about $40,000 today.
And it would cost more thanthat to ship the bell back and
have it repaired.
Another option, they could finda pair of local Johns to fix
it, and that's exactly what theydid.
(03:50):
A couple of local Johns.
Now, if you've seen the NicolasCage movie American Treasure,
you know about Pass and Stowe.
Those are the two Johns, JohnPass, John Stowe.
They melted down the bell, andthey recast it, and they
reinscribed it, and they got itworking like new again.
(04:10):
Eh, not so fast.
You know, these two Johns weremechanics, not bell makers.
And so when they clanged theirnew bell, it sounded horrible.
Come on, guys.
Hey, give us another chance.
They melted it down again, andthey recast it again.
Will the third time be thecharm?
(04:31):
Yep, it worked.
And it became the official bellof the city.
Yay for the statehouse bell.
Wait, what?
Statehouse bell?
Hold on, hold on, keeplistening.
So they rang this bell on allkinds of special occasions for
many years.
But it was strangely silent onJuly 4th, 1776.
(04:55):
Well, there's actually a goodreason for that.
The Declaration of Independencewas signed on that day, but no
one really knew about it yet.
They had to go get a bunch ofcopies printed out, and then...
They actually read the documentout loud in public on July 8th,
1776.
(05:15):
And that day, the bell wasringing and ringing to celebrate
freedom from the British rule.
Yay! So that's when theychanged the name to Liberty
Bell, right?
Nope.
Still the Statehouse Bell.
All right.
Let's flash forward a year anda half where the British are
coming, the War of Independenceis on, and they're making their
(05:37):
way down from New York throughNew Jersey towards Philadelphia
to put down these rabble-rousingcolonists.
And so Franklin and his croniesgot nervous, and they actually
dismounted the bell and had ithauled under guard to Allentown,
Pennsylvania, which is about 60miles north, and it was hidden
in the basement of a churchthere.
They didn't want anybody to gettheir bell.
(05:59):
Well...
Eventually, Washington and theContinental Army won the war and
the bell was returned toPhilly.
And so maybe now that libertyhas been gained from England, we
could change the name to theLiberty Bell, right?
Nope.
All right.
I do want to share the storyabout the crack in the bell.
(06:21):
So historians actually gettheir panties in a bunch here
because it's not well documentedwhen the actual crack in the
bell that we know of today whenit was formed.
The most popular belief is thatit happened in 1835, so that's
80-some years of qualityringing.
But this time when it cracked,they didn't want to melt it back
(06:42):
down because it had a historynow.
So instead, they drilled outthe crack in an effort to repair
it, and then they used theseplugs so that the bell could
actually keep ringing.
Yeah, and this repair job iswhy the crack is now so wide
that you can easily see ittoday.
And it worked.
And they kept ringing the bellfor another 11 years.
(07:04):
And then it cracked again.
And this time, it was threestrikes and you're out.
Because this crack wasunfixable.
And so the bell had to beretired.
But just to be clear, the crackyou see in the pictures was
that second one that theydrilled out and plugged.
You can't see the third crackunless you're up really close.
(07:25):
So they built a little museum,and they moved it to where
everyone could see the bell andreflect on its meaning in
American history.
And everyone was able to seethe inscriptions that were on
the bell.
And I haven't mentioned thatthe inscription included a Bible
verse from Leviticus 25.10 thatsays, Proclaim liberty
throughout the land unto all theinhabitants thereof, along with
(07:49):
pass and stow's names and thedate they remade it and such.
So now this...
is why people started callingit the Liberty Bell, right?
Because they could read thatBible inscription?
Nope.
Still not why.
Truman, just tell us then, whyis it called the Liberty Bell?
All right, I will.
(08:10):
Up in New York City around1833, so this is when the bell
was ringing pre-crack, a few menstarted the American
Anti-Slavery Society.
And they wrote and printedarticles and books, and they
spoke in public about abolishingslavery.
They started a weekly newspaperto deliver the message, and
(08:31):
they were trying to win freedomand liberty for the slaves
because they thought thatinstitution was wrong.
And in 1837, where the bell wasnow ringing post-crack, they
began using the bell as theirlogo.
It was recognizable.
It was meaningful.
And of course, the inscriptionhad the word Liberty and all the
(08:53):
inhabitants throughout theland.
And so that was actually howthe Liberty Bell got its name.
Yay! And today, you can go seethe bell in Philly.
And they've perfectly situatedit in the Liberty Bell Center so
that it's set up with theoriginal statehouse right there
in the background.
And you can look at the bell,and then your eyes can travel up
(09:17):
the bell tower where it used toreside and ring, and you can
get this feeling, this sense ofawe for what the bell stands
for, for its place in history.
It's pretty neat.
And it's free admission, sothere's no reason not to go
check it out.
But they actually won't let youtouch the bell, much less try
to ring it.
Now, while researching thissegment...
(09:39):
I learned that sometimesofficials actually lightly tap
the bell to softly ring it onspecial occasions.
I want to know how to get aticket to that event.
Yeah, so the bell itself, it'sactually pretty big.
It's about four feet tall.
And the bottom of the bell, thediameter, is just under four
feet.
(09:59):
And the walls of the bell arethree inches thick.
And it weighs in at just over2,000 pounds.
So it literally weighs a ton.
Now, you want to hear somethingpretty cool?
Back in 1944, they actuallyrang the bell and a local radio
station recorded the sevendings.
One ding for each letter of theword liberty.
(10:21):
So here's that sound.
Radio Announcer (10:24):
The seven strokes of liberty from the
world-famed Liberty Bell.
Music (10:33):
Liberty Bell.
Truman (10:41):
And then even more interesting, in 1999, some grad
students from Penn State wereable to take measurements of the
bell and create a digitalmodel.
And this helped themmathematically determine the
exact vibration that the bellwould have sounded in the E-flat
tone that it was originally setto ring in.
And so they approximated theoriginal sound.
(11:04):
Let's give that a listen.
Music (11:06):
BELL RINGS
Truman (11:15):
How cool is that?
The Liberty Bell.
Yeah, it's a symbol of freedomthat cracked under pressure, but
still rings true in the heartof history.
So I'm going to leave you witha great quote that I heard from
one of the curators who workedat the Center.
It can't make a sound, but it'sthe loudest bell in the world.
Roses are red and liberty isgreat.
(11:40):
Writing a review helps meelevate.
Can't find the words becauseyou're stuck in a crack?
Type, this pod's a ringer.
I'll keep coming back.
I want to share a story thatmay change your mindset a
little.
Maybe help you see potentialwhere before you only saw
(12:01):
limits.
So it was a hot, sunny day.
like any other along the GambiaRiver in the spring of 1761.
But for an eight-year-old girlplaying with her friends, this
day took an awful turn.
The Gambia flows through WestAfrica and dumps into the
Atlantic, and this region isrich with history and tradition
(12:22):
and populated with peacefulsouls.
But then, out of nowhere, aship full of bad men showed up,
and they kidnapped her alongwith hundreds of her family,
friends, and townsfolk.
They locked her up and forcedher and others to endure an
80-day sail from Western Africato Boston in America.
And later in July of that year,this sickly girl was sold to
(12:48):
John and Susanna Wheatley for atrifle.
And just like that, she becamethe slave of the Wheatley
family.
Since she didn't have a properEnglish name, her new owners
called her Phyllis, whichhappened to be the name of the
ship that that was her prisonand nightmare all those months.
Now historians believe thatJohn and Susanna were attracted
(13:10):
to Phyllis because they hadrecently lost a child that was
about her age, and they put herto work in their home as a
housekeeper.
But it wasn't long until theyrealized that they had a child
prodigy on their hands.
Historians believed thatPhyllis had observed the
Wheatley children doing theirreading and writing lessons each
(13:31):
day, And she took up some chalkand tried her hand at writing
on the board.
Now keep in mind what I'msharing today happened at a time
in history where people fromAfrica were dismissed as
incapable of learning.
Now I'm not trying to stirthings up about politics or race
here, but I do think it'simportant to understand that the
(13:53):
Europeans and their descendantsliving in America really had no
appreciation for theintellectual or artistic
abilities of the people fromAfrica arriving into America at
that time and forced intoslavery.
As we know today, the waypeople thought at that time were
dead wrong.
And our young friend Phyllis,she didn't justify expectations.
(14:16):
She shattered them by masteringthree languages.
Wow.
So it is believed that John andSusanna decided to teach
Phyllis how to read and write.
Probably as an experiment.
And perhaps they wanted to seejust how far she could go.
Well, as a 10-year-old, aboutthe equivalent of a 5th grader,
she mastered reading and writingin English, and then was also
(14:40):
able to learn Greek and Latin.
Music (14:43):
What?
Truman (14:44):
Yeah.
Now to keep you grounded here alittle, at this time in
America, most 5th gradersweren't even learning to read or
write.
There wasn't even a 5th gradefor another 50 years or so.
Most children were helpingtheir families sustain
themselves.
They had chores.
They had to work.
They had to go out and earnwages.
Phyllis was pretty darnspecial.
(15:05):
Now also, as Phyllis wasgrowing up, a thing called the
Great Awakening was sweepingthrough New England, bringing
with it a powerful wave ofreligious and social change.
Protestants like John Wesleyand George Whitefield traveled
all across the countrysidepreaching in towns and on
country roads.
And these two and others causedquite a stir with their
(15:27):
fire-and-brimstone approach topersuade people to open their
minds about religion.
And young Phyllis, she took allthis in and observed how
powerful words could be.
She learned how to wield wordsas a weapon and began crafting
poetry that would move heartsand open minds.
In her poetry, she craftedmessages using words to say
(15:51):
something very specific, butcould also be read to mean many
different things.
And this was powerful,especially her hidden messages
about freedom.
When she was 19, she wrote apoem about the late George
Whitefield that went viral.
Now back in 1770, going viralmeant that her poem was printed
(16:11):
on a bunch of leaves of paperand spread all around her town
and other towns for people toread.
Her motivations to write such amoving piece to mourn
Whitefield likely arose from herchildhood traditions.
Back in her village, it was therole of the young girls to sing
hymns at memorial services forthe recently deceased.
Anyway, this poem's popularitywas a major shock to people in
(16:34):
that area, because the poem wasso well done and so moving, yet
many couldn't believe that itwas written by a black person.
Phyllis essentially changed thevery notions of who could
create such art.
Think about it.
At 18 years old, Phyllis wasforcing people of all ages to
(16:55):
reconsider their prevailingstereotypes about those with
different color skin.
She kept writing and writing,and her American parents, and
using that term lightly, theWheatleys, wanted to see if they
could help her get a book ofpoems published.
So they sent her along withtheir oldest son to England to
(17:15):
find a publisher and have anactual book made.
And with some good fortunethere, they were successful.
And on this day in 1773,Phyllis became the first person
of African descent in America tobecome published, the first
slave in America to becomepublished.
Not only that, she was thethird woman of any color skin in
(17:36):
all of colonial America to havepublished a book.
This is remarkable.
Yeah, her book, Poems onVarious Subjects, Religious and
Moral, was the real deal.
It was a hardback edition thatincluded a foreword that was
signed by John Hancock and otherBoston notables of the time.
Yes, that's the John Hancock,yes.
You can find copies online, ofcourse, and you can see an
(18:00):
original version of the book inthe Museum of American
Revolution in Philadelphia.
Interestingly, they included afull-page portrait of Phyllis in
the book so that people wouldknow that the author was a black
person.
Not only that, it also clearlyexplained that she was a servant
to John Wheatley, leaving nodoubt that she was enslaved at
(18:22):
that time.
Now Phyllis was emancipatedsoon after her book was
published, but then she hadanother notable writing
experience that I want to share.
She actually had the chance toexchange communications with
George Washington in early 1776.
So that's when he and thecolonies were still inching
towards independence.
(18:43):
She wrote a poem about freedomand revolution that was
supporting Washington and theContinental Army that was
published in newspaperseverywhere.
The ending went like this.
Proceed, great chief, withvirtue on thy side.
Thy every action let thegoddess guide.
A crown, a mansion, and athrone that shine, with gold
(19:07):
unfading, Washington be thine.
Yep, there's more to that poem.
You can look it up.
But that was the ending, andupon hearing of it, George
Washington actually responded toher with a letter.
Yes, the future president madetime to write a letter to praise
her for her great works of art.
He expressed that he couldn'twrite such poetry.
(19:29):
He even invited her to visitwith him to be entertained and
discuss her work.
Wow, that's pretty impressive,right?
Yeah, but sadly, Phyllis's lifeended prematurely at the age of
31 with health issues, and itis believed that there were
complications with herchildbirth.
After her emancipation, Phyllislived and worked in Boston and
(19:51):
eventually married John Peters,who had also been emancipated,
and they went on to have threechildren, but sadly none of them
survived, all health issues.
Phyllis Wheatley's journeyredefined the limits of what was
thought possible, not just fora young girl enslaved in a
foreign land, but for any whobelieved that the mind and
(20:12):
spirit could be bound by chains.
Her words broke through thebarriers of ignorance and
prejudice, proving that thelight of genius knows no bounds.
A time traveler's delightheroes stories we share with
courage and valor that's beyondcompare.
(20:33):
If these tales have inspiredyou way deep down, please share
with your friends and pass thewonder around.
Imagine that you had theopportunity to go for a ride in
the fastest airplane ever built.
And the ride would also be thehighest an airplane has ever
(20:53):
flown at this record speed.
Now, if you even had the nerveto agree to such an adventure...
Now imagine that you've passedall the health tests necessary
because not just anyone can flyat three and a half times the
speed of sound for several hoursas you fly halfway around the
world and back.
(21:13):
Okay, so you've got up thenerve and you've passed the
health test.
Now you're all suited up, andnow you're walking up to this
sleek-looking jet black,dark-looking craft.
It's more like a sci-fispaceship than it is an
airplane, with its long, slenderbody, with what appears to be
razor-sharp wings, and arazor-pointed nose.
(21:37):
It's actually quiteintimidating to see this thing
up close.
But not only that, as youapproach, you can tell...
that fluids are dripping out ofthe plane all over the runway.
And you ask, hey, what is thisstuff?
And someone says, ha, don'tworry about that.
That's just jet fuel.
And don't worry, it has a veryhigh flashpoint.
(21:57):
You could drop a match on thisstuff and it wouldn't catch
fire.
So you're safe.
Okay, it won't catch fire whileI'm walking across it.
But what about the plane?
It's leaking fuel.
Is somebody going to dosomething about that?
Yeah, good question.
Yeah, who'd want to get on aplane that's leaking fuel all
(22:17):
over the runway?
Well, there's actually a goodreason the SR-71 Blackbird had
that problem.
But we'll get to that in aminute.
So back in the 50s and 60s, theCold War between the U.S.
and Russia was heating up.
It was pretty intense.
Well, the U.S.
had this spy plane called theU-2 that could fly really high
(22:39):
and take pictures of all theactivities going on in Russia.
But one day, one of these U-2sgot shot down, and then tensions
really heated up, because nowRussia had proof for the whole
world that the U.S.
was flying over top of itscountry and spying on them.
And now the U.S.
couldn't fly that planeanymore, and so they no longer
(22:59):
had a way to know what theRussians were up to.
So the CIA asked the LockheedMartin folks, they have a
skunkworks team, that's whatthey were called, come up with
an answer.
And the answer was, make asuperman of airplanes, meaning
faster than a speeding bulletand able to leap tall buildings
in a single bound.
(23:19):
And they did it.
In the early 1960s, this teamof crack engineers worked around
the clock for hours and hours,months and months, to come up
with a spy plane that was sofast it could outfly any
missiles that were fired at it.
It literally was faster than aspeeding bullet.
Oh, and it flew so high that noother plane could even get up
(23:42):
that high to intercept it andshoot it down.
And for 25 years that thisplane was in service, it was
never harmed by enemy fire.
Over 3,500 missions.
How about that?
Oh, it was fired on hundreds oftimes.
There are even stories by thepilots where they could
literally see the missiles beinglaunched at them through the
(24:04):
powerful spy cameras.
which might make the bravestperson even a little nervous.
But yeah, the Blackbird flew sohigh and so fast that the
missiles just explodedharmlessly behind them, even up
to two miles back.
Is that all you got?
Can you imagine that?
Being able to go so fast, theenemy can't even hit you with
(24:25):
their weapons.
And this is over a span of 25years.
So they knew this thing was outthere and they still couldn't
build missiles fast enough.
Anyway.
To fly this high and this fastmeant a number of things going
on.
The biggest of which is theplane got really hot.
Air friction caused it to besuperheated up.
So 800 degrees at the nose ofthe plane, which is as hot as a
(24:48):
blowtorch, and over 3,400degrees at the back where the
flames are bursting out from theengines.
That's actually why theypainted the plane black.
Its official name was SR-71,but they called it the Blackbird
because of the paint.
And even though paint addsweight that would slow the plane
down, it helps dissipate someof the heat to keep the plane
(25:10):
cooler as it's flying.
Don't ask me how that works.
I don't know the physics there.
But there is another physicsproblem.
The plane got so hot that itslength expanded six whole inches
once it got going.
Now, six inches is about thelength of your mobile phone, and
you might say, that's not muchfor a 100-foot-long plane.
Wait a second.
(25:31):
Think about it.
All that metal is expanding outsix inches and then cooling
back down when it gets onto theground.
Wouldn't that cause wrinkles asit expands out and then leave
gaps when it cools down?
Or both?
Yes, both.
Literally.
When the planes landed,sometimes they had to remove
some of the airplane skin andiron it flat again.
And remember in the beginningof this segment when I talked
(25:53):
about that fuel leaking?
They actually had to build theplane so that when it was on the
ground, there were gaps in someof the pieces.
But then once it got flying,all the metal heated up and
expanded, and bam, all thosegaps were closed nice and tidy.
No fuel leaks up in the air.
Voila.
Yeah.
That sounds crazy, doesn't it?
And there's a whole lot morecrazy about this jet plane.
(26:15):
You know how you have oil inyour car's engine to keep it
running smooth, right?
And maybe you know that whenyour engine's cold, the oil's a
little thicker.
But as the engine runs andheats up, the oil gets hot and
thins out, right?
Well, the Blackbird's oil wasso thick that it was almost a
solid.
The oil actually had to bewarmed up pre-flight to soften
(26:36):
enough to be effective until theplane heated up to its normal
flying temperatures, which, as Isaid, was as hot as a
blowtorch.
And remember when I told youthat the leaking jet fuel
wouldn't ignite if you dropped amatch on it?
Yeah, this feature enabled themto use the fuel as a coolant.
So yes, they flushed the fuelaround the innards of the plane
(26:58):
to keep the important partscool.
Yes, fuel that would be burned.
Yes, that was a coolant.
I could go on and on, like therubber tires.
Regular rubber tires wouldmelt, so they had to mix in
aluminum flex into the tires tokeep them from melting.
And the titanium, the metalthey used for this plane...
They had to create severalmillion brand new airplane parts
(27:20):
from scratch because theycouldn't just go buy titanium
parts off the shelf from otherairplane suppliers.
Oh, and get this, they couldn'teven find enough high quality
titanium in the United States.
So the CIA had to set up abunch of shell companies to buy
the best quality titanium in theworld, which happened to be
(27:40):
mined and sold in Russia.
Yeah.
Thanks, guys, for giving us thestuff we're going to end up
using to spy on you.
All right.
Speaking of titanium, drillinga hole in this stuff was
insanity.
Think about it.
If you're a tool nerd like me,you have a set of
titanium-tipped drill bits.
(28:01):
Yeah.
And you can use those to drillthrough anything.
And they get the job done.
And for normal airplanes, whenyou drill holes in the aluminum,
you can drill hundreds andhundreds of holes before
resharpening your drill bits.
But when you're drilling intitanium, it's a whole lot more
challenging.
They had to resharpen theirdrill bits every few minutes.
And that's after engineeringspecial cutting angles and using
(28:24):
special cutting lubricants.
It's crazy.
And then here's a littlesurprise.
It's not even about science.
It's a social matter.
Working on this project was sodemanding and challenging, the
senior leaders only wanted torecruit the very best machinists
from the pool of workers.
Now, since it's governmentairplane manufacturing, these
(28:45):
are going to be union workers.
And so the rule was thatemployers had to take the most
tenured people for each type ofrole, no matter how good or bad
that employee was.
But this project demanded thatthey have the very best, no
matter how old the person was.
So they actually invited theunion bosses in to tour the
(29:05):
place and show them theextremely top-secret project and
help them see...
How critical it was that theymake an exception for this
tenure thing.
And the union bosses agreed.
How about that?
All right.
I'm running out of time here.
And there's so many things tosay about this amazing airplane.
One quick funny story.
They had the plane built andready to cart out to the test
(29:28):
site.
And they hauled the plane onthis big, huge trailer, 35 feet
wide and over 100 feet long.
But guess what?
Along the road, there werehighway signs, and the wings
were sticking out past thetrailer, and they would have
bumped into the signs and causeddamage.
So there was this crew whosejob it was was to lead the
convoy, cut down the signs witha hacksaw, and then after the
(29:50):
plane drove past, the crew wouldbolt the signpost back in place
as if nothing ever happened.
Yeah.
All right, let's wrap up.
Let's finally get to why we'retalking about this airplane in
the first place.
So I've said over and over,this plane is fast.
When they took it up for theirrecord-setting flight, they
clocked in at about 2,100 milesan hour.
(30:12):
That means it can travel a milein two-thirds of a second.
That's fast.
So today, a normal passengerplane makes a nonstop flight
from New York to London in aboutseven hours.
The Blackbird took that sametrip on this day in history in
1974 in one hour and 54 minutes.
It was zooming.
(30:32):
Now, one last tidbit.
The plane used anastro-navigation system, which
meant that it looked up at thestars to tell where it was at
every second during flight.
It went so fast that normallocation systems couldn't keep
up.
That's just crazy.
All right, I'll leave you withthis.
The SR-71 Blackbird wasn't justan airplane.
(30:54):
It was a symbol of unparalleledinnovation and daring.
And on this day, it shatteredrecords and proved that it was
uncatchable.
And therefore, unstoppable.
And guess what?
Since then, no one has evermade a faster plane.
And we're talking 50 years.
And there you have it.
(31:19):
Some great stories to sharewith your someone special to
celebrate September 1st.
Once again, those are...
how the Liberty Bell got itsname and its infamous crack.
You got to meet PhyllisWheatley, the child prodigy and
pioneer of stereotypere-engineering.
And we had some fun facts aboutthe Superman of spy planes, the
(31:42):
SR-71 Blackbird.
Now, if learning about nationalicons is your thing, then the
story about how the bald eaglebecame a U.S.
symbol will come out on June20th.
And the construction of theEiffel Tower...
will be on December 15th, socheck back in for those
episodes.
If you were inspired by PhyllisWheatley's courage and
(32:03):
achievements, then you will loveto learn about Clara Barton's
life on the May 21st episode.
Or, if writings that capturethe resilience of the human
spirit speaks to you, then checkout Anne Frank's life in the
June 25th episode.
And of course, if you likestories about fast planes, then
you will be jazzed up about theF-14 Tomcat Fighter, featured on
(32:27):
December 21st.
And then, if military anythingis your vibe, we've got a few
goodies for you on January 8th,February 23rd, and June 3rd.
Check them out.
Every day has a story, andthere's so much fun.
We're going to stride throughthem all until we're done.
Normally, my reflection momentis inspired by one of the
(32:52):
stories that we just heardabout.
But today is a littledifferent.
This episode is the 17th of itskind, which means that we have
50 stories out there about thisday in the past.
Yes, actually, it's 51.
Good catch, mathematician.
Good catch.
But 50 stories is kind of likea milestone, right?
(33:14):
It's pretty neat to think aboutthem all.
We've learned about inventionsand discoveries and famous
people who were born on that dayor started an organization on
that day or, like today,published a famous work on that
day.
We've heard about remarkableachievements by people and
machines, again, like today'simpressive airplane.
Throw in some parades andparties and even a fairy tale
(33:39):
and you have the makings of someextreme eclecticism.
And yes, that's actually aword, I looked it up.
Eclecticism.
Oh yeah, and don't forget theanimals.
We've celebrated llamas andhorses and food too.
Don't want to leave thetootsies or the tots out of the
mix.
But I'll tell you what, it'sbeen a lot of fun to research
(34:01):
all these stories.
And even more fun coming upwith the right bits to share
with each and every one of you.
Obviously, we want to be sureour stories are true.
And naturally, we can't squeezeevery little detail in about
each topic.
But this has been quite ajourney.
For someone who's nostalgic andlikes to learn and loves to
(34:23):
hear stories, it's the perfectway to celebrate the days of the
year.
And special thanks to all ofyou wonderful listeners.
We've climbed into the top 10%of all podcasts ever made.
That's worldwide.
So that's some great company tobe in for sure.
So thanks so much forlistening.
(34:44):
All right, so after you'veshared your special stories, you
can also mention the followingfamous folks who celebrate their
birthdays today.
Dr.
Phil celebrates September 1st.
You remember him from daytimeTV?
Yeah, he's not a physicianthough.
(35:05):
He did get his clinicalpsychology doctorate, but he was
on TV for 21 years givingadvice.
Does anyone remember how thathappened?
Well, Oprah was in a legalbattle in 1995 and she hired
Phil McGraw's legal consultingfirm and fell in love with his
folksy charm.
And then she began inviting himonto her show and bam, he got
(35:28):
himself a spinoff.
How about that?
Okay, Gloria Estefan adds acandle to her cake today.
She's a seven-time GrammyAward-winning singer, and she's
also an actress, and she'sauthored two New York Times
best-selling kids' books.
That's pretty neat.
She's best known for fusing herLatin musical style into
(35:50):
mainstream pop music in the 80sand 90s.
Zendaya adds another chapter toher life's book as she
continues to diversify herachievements.
She got her start on the DisneyChannel.
The most popular tour was fouryears on Shake It Up as Rocky
Blue.
But she's moved on from Disneyto star in Netflix movies.
(36:11):
And she's also done some voiceacting for several animated
movies, including Space Jam.
You go, girl.
Carlos Sanz Jr.
adds another lap around thecalendar.
He's known as the matador fromMadrid in racing circles.
He's a Formula One racer who'sconfident and aggressive, and
he's won a number of juniorchampionships in leagues, and he
(36:32):
continues to progress up theracing ladder.
All right, any guesses as towho could be the 50th most
famous person showing up onfamousbirthdays.com for
September 1st?
Well, today is the first time Iget to feature twins.
Rawan and Rayan Fahmy, YouTubestars.
They have over 10 millionsubscribers.
(36:53):
But you may have never heard ofthem because they're from
Jordan and now reside in theUnited Arab Emirates.
And so if you go to try tocheck out their videos and
English is your only language,you're going to be out of luck.
I'm not sure what Arabiclanguage it is that they speak,
but they have a lot of followersand subscribers.
(37:14):
And then, of course, when Ilooked at Wikipedia's
centenarians list, there was noone that they know of who is
over 100 years old and born onthis day.
No September 1sts.
Music (37:27):
Darn.
Truman (37:28):
All right.
Well, maybe next year.
All right.
What else is today?
Well, we celebrate AmericanChess Day.
And note that I emphasizedAmerican today.
Because there's also anInternational Chess Day on July
20th.
And there's more.
(37:48):
There's a National Chess Daythat's on the second Saturday in
October.
What?
Yeah, I don't get it.
I don't know why the chesspeople can't get their act
together and pick one day.
But I'll tell you what.
We're going to feature the gameof chess on the July 20th
episode because that's when theInternational Chess Federation
(38:09):
was founded.
See?
So there you go.
Solving all the problems hereat Daystrider.
Just picking one day.
Another oddball for you.
Today is Cherry Popover Day.
Now, when I researched what isa popover, it's basically a
twist on a muffin or a cupcakewhere the actual base of the
popover is skinny and then thepuff that comes out on top over
(38:33):
the edges looks kind of like amushroom.
That's a popover.
And there's even special pansto make popovers.
Now, I can't say that I'vetried them.
I don't even know that I'veseen them.
So, someone, anyone out there,give me a hand here.
Have you tried a popover?
Send me a text or leave me aSpeakPipe message.
(38:53):
Tell me all about it.
The first Sunday in Septemberdoes have one fun and funny
holiday.
Celebrating the ideal pet.
You never have to clean upafter this pet for peeing or
pooing in the house.
You don't even have to groom itor walk it.
In fact, you don't even have tofeed it.
What?
(39:14):
Today is Pet Rock Day.
So the Pet Rock was dreamed upby a guy named Gary Dahl in 1975
when he was listening to hispals all complain about their
pets.
So he went and found a nicerock and boxed it up with some
corrugated shavings, and the gaggift was born.
He then decided to market thisgag, and it went viral in the
(39:39):
mid-70s for about six months.
He made about $15 million fromthis gimmick, which translates
to $87 million today.
I'd take that, right?
For just painting a rock?
All right.
So you need a gift idea foryour loved one.
And in addition to retellingthe stories that you just
(40:00):
learned about on this day inhistory, you can have them open
up a gift that's customized totheir birthday.
And I have several great ideasfor you.
And as always, you can findlinks to these in the gift idea
section of the show notes.
Now often I mention that youcan get a unique gift for the
person who has everything.
And once again, today is noexception.
(40:23):
Starting with the Liberty Bell.
There are some really neatreplicas and other Liberty Bell
decor, but one cool thing Ifound was a large wall decal
that would be perfect for yourpatriotic-minded loved one.
If your loved one enjoyspoetry, or if they enjoy
collecting things, a book ofPhyllis Wheatley poems would be
(40:44):
the perfect gift idea for them.
And if your loved one has everykind of desktop knick-knack or
bookshelf collectible, I suggestyou scan their collection.
Because I'm betting they do nothave a mini SR-71 Blackbird
airplane model.
At least not yet they don't.
Uh-huh.
(41:05):
And I found a really cool pieceof wall art for this, too.
There's a set of Blackbirdprints that's pretty cool.
And the famous folks that wereborn today, they have some neat
gift ideas attached to them aswell.
Dr.
Phil books, Gloria Estefan CDs,Zendaya posters, and even
racing merch.
Similarly, today's specialholidays are also ripe with gift
(41:28):
ideas.
You can get pretty muchanything chess related from
decor to the actual board gameitself.
You can challenge your lovedone in the kitchen by giving
them a nice set of popoverbaking pans.
And if you want to getnostalgic with the late 1970s,
you can still find Pet Rocks outthere as a fun gift, whether
(41:48):
it's a gag or not.
Yep, see that?
All kinds of customized giftsfor folks who've circled
September 1st on the calendar.
And these ideas are unique onlyto this day of the year.
Well, except for the chessones, I give you that.
Okay, now if those ideas arenot cool enough, you can give
(42:09):
them a personalized shout-outright here on the podcast.
I can do the shout-out for you.
All you got to do is send me anemail with their name and
something fun you want to share.
Or you can do your ownshout-out by using the SpeakPipe
link that's available in theshow notes.
And here's the specialshout-out for today.
Guest (42:29):
Happy birthday, Vanessa.
It's Lucy.
I can't wait to see you again.
Happy birthday.
Hope your school year's great.
Happy birthday, Vanessa, fromNico.
Happy birthday to my littleVanessa.
Happy birthday to my bigVanessa.
Happy birthday to the Vanessawho's bigger than her grandma.
(42:49):
Happy birthday to you and manymore.
We love you, Vanessa.
Truman (42:57):
All right.
Way to go, folks.
As I mentioned, you can findthe link to do that in the show
notes.
And as always, if you have astory that just needs to be
shared about any day in thepast, Send me an email and let's
connect.
And guess what, my fellowDaystriders?
If you haven't noticed, we'veupdated the podcast artwork.
(43:18):
And so now we're ready to startspreading the love with some
Daystrider merch.
That's right.
Stickers are going to be thevery first item up for our prize
program.
Stay tuned for buttons,magnets, t-shirts, and maybe
even hats.
Because who wouldn't want tohave some fun time travel merch,
right?
So here's the challenge.
(43:39):
To get a sticker is reallyeasy.
All you got to do is go toPodchaser.com from your phone or
your laptop.
Find the Daystrider podcast andgive it a review.
Or you can pick your favoriteepisode and give that particular
episode a review.
See that?
It's easy.
Who's up for the challenge?
(43:59):
Who wants a sticker?
I hope everyone does, because Iwouldn't mind having to go out
and get extra stickers made,that's for sure.
Alrighty then, we're wrappingup.
Thanks so much for listeningand helping us get into the top
10% of all podcasts ever madeacross the entire planet.
That's amazing.
Let's keep striding on togetherand see how high we can get.
(44:22):
I hope you had half as much funlistening as I did creating
this episode.
And sharing it with a friend orfamily member would be
incredible and sincerelyappreciated.
Thanks so much for listening.
Until next time, this is TrumanPastworthy, reminding you that
(44:43):
every day has a great story.
And we'll be striding throughthem all to find some more
goodies for you.
Now get out there and make yourown great story today.
Popular Podcasts
On Purpose with Jay Shetty
I’m Jay Shetty host of On Purpose the worlds #1 Mental Health podcast and I’m so grateful you found us. I started this podcast 5 years ago to invite you into conversations and workshops that are designed to help make you happier, healthier and more healed. I believe that when you (yes you) feel seen, heard and understood you’re able to deal with relationship struggles, work challenges and life’s ups and downs with more ease and grace. I interview experts, celebrities, thought leaders and athletes so that we can grow our mindset, build better habits and uncover a side of them we’ve never seen before. New episodes every Monday and Friday. Your support means the world to me and I don’t take it for granted — click the follow button and leave a review to help us spread the love with On Purpose. I can’t wait for you to listen to your first or 500th episode!
Stuff You Should Know
If you've ever wanted to know about champagne, satanism, the Stonewall Uprising, chaos theory, LSD, El Nino, true crime and Rosa Parks, then look no further. Josh and Chuck have you covered.
The Joe Rogan Experience
The official podcast of comedian Joe Rogan.