#4 Dual Process Theory

Dual Process Theory suggests we have two general modes, or systems, of thinking that we use to navigate our every day lives. System 1 refers to our automatic, reactive, emotional, unconscious thought processes that occur almost instantaneously without conscious effort. System 2 refers to our mode of thinking that  slow, deliberate, intentional, and analytical.

This topic is fundamental for understanding how to build intuitive product experiences.

 

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References:

• Kahneman, Daniel. Thinking, Fast and Slow. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2011. Print.
• Poole, Steven. The VR Book: Virtual Reality in Art and Culture. London: Laurence King, 2017. Print.
• Nielsen, Jakob. "Mental Models." Nielsen Norman Group, 2005, www.nngroup.com/articles/mental-models/.
• Nielsen, Jakob and Whitenton, Kathryn. The Aesthetic-Usability Effect. Nielsen Norman Group. 2007. https://www.nngroup.com/articles/aesthetic-usability-effect/.
• Evans, J. S. B., & Stanovich, K. E. (2013). Dual-process theories of reasoning. Annual review of psychology, 64(1), 255-286.
• Kahneman, D. (2011). Thinking, fast and slow. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
• Stanovich, K. E. (1999). Who is rational? Studies of individual differences in reasoning. New York: Oxford University Press.
• Wason, P. C. (1966). Reasoning. In B. M. Foss (Ed.), New horizons in psychology (pp. 135-171). Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin.
• Evans, J. S. B. (1984). Heuristic and analytic processing in reasoning. British Journal of Psychology, 75(4), 451-466.
• Evans, J. S. B., & Over, D. E. (1996). The two faces of reason: A dual-process account of reasoning. Trends in cognitive sciences, 1(1), 46-52.
• Stanovich, K. E. (1999). Who is rational? Studies of individual differences in reasoning. New York: Oxford University Press.
• Stanovich, K. E., & West, R. F. (2000). Individual differences in reasoning: Implications for the rationality debate?. Behavioral and brain sciences, 23(5), 645-665.
• Stroop, J. R. (1935). Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 18(6), 643-662. http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Stroop/.

Frederick, Shane. (2005). Cognitive Reflection and Decision Making. American Economic Review