Episode Transcript
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Speaker 1 (00:01):
Welcome to Get Connected with Nina del Rio, a weekly
conversation about fitness, health and happenings in our community on
one oh six point seven light FM.
Speaker 2 (00:12):
Thanks for listening to Get Connected. So, although experiences vary
from women to women from month to month, we can
probably all agree that we feel pretty crummy in the
weeks leading up to the start of our periods. But
why is that and is it actually necessary? Our guest
is doctor Sarah E. Hill, Research psychologist, professor, leading advocate
for women's health. She's the author of The Period Brain,
(00:34):
The New Science of Why We PMS and How to
Fix It. Doctor Sarah Hill, thank you for being on
Get Connected.
Speaker 3 (00:41):
Thank you so much for having me.
Speaker 2 (00:43):
So research finds the vast majority of women all over
the world, seventy five to ninety percent women of reproductive
age have PMS. We will get into why that is, certainly,
but it almost seems like the very basic question of
whether or not it is necessary is new, as if
women suffering just happens. The question in a way feels
(01:03):
revolutionary and it kind of kind of shouldn't.
Speaker 3 (01:06):
I think, Yeah, it's really interesting because when you look
at women's experiences across the cycle as you noted, research
finds somewhere between like seventy and ninety percent of women
feel kind of terrible during this time, and it's not
something anybody is really thought to ever question, And that
alone is, as noted, unusual. I think that if men experienced,
(01:30):
you know, half that roughly half their reproductive lives feeling
not their best, I think that there'd be you know,
foundations entire you know, entire you know, industries like dedicated
to try to understand this. And so as a biologist,
because my background originally was in biology, you know, I
was like, why is it that so many women have
this thing that most of us consider like a disorder?
Speaker 2 (01:52):
Right?
Speaker 3 (01:52):
Is there is there any wisdom in what our body
is doing? What are the experiences that women have? And
you know, are the things that we can be doing
differently that might make us feel better than we do currently?
Speaker 2 (02:04):
Yeah, you just mention, you know, it does exist. Research
shows that non human mammals have some sort of PMS, rats, baboons.
So the biological purpose, what is the biological purpose perhaps.
Speaker 3 (02:17):
To understand why it is that so many women feel
bad the last two weeks of the cycle. I think
that we first just really need to understand the menstrual cycle.
And this is something that we all learned about in
high school health class. But the thing that we don't
really know is that most of us aren't generally taught,
is that for a woman, reproduction requires two distinct sets
(02:37):
of activities. The first are about things like mate attraction
and sexual intercourse, which of course is what is necessary
the first set of ingredients that are necessary for reproduction
to occur, and the second set of activities are implantation
of an embryo and pregnancy. And the reason that women
have cycles at all is because women's bodies have to
(02:57):
cycle between these two distinct sets of activities in order
to reproduce. And so the first two weeks of the
menstrual cycle, which a menstrual cycle, starts on the day
you get your period, so that is day one of
your cycle. And on that day, your hormone levels are
really low, and this low hormone level tells your brain
(03:17):
to start stimulating your ovaries to release an egg. And
during this time estrogen is high in rising, and during
this time, women tend to feel more sexually desirable, they
tend to have more sex, they are more interested in
looking for partners, they become more easily distracted by things
related to mating, and women tend to have more sex.
(03:39):
They smell sexier, they look sexier, they sound sexier, the
whole list goes on. And all of these changes happen
when estrogen is high and rising, because this is the
time when sex can lead to conception. And then after
that our bodies have to switch gears right and after
the egg is released sex, you know, twenty four hours
after the egg is released, sex can no longer lead
(04:00):
to conception. And during this time, the body has to
reorganize itself into being in a state that is optimized
for mate attraction and sex to a version of itself
that is optimized for implantation and pregnancy. And so, you know,
we tend to, you know, not really talk too much
about like what is it exactly that progesterone, this second
(04:22):
sex hormone that our bodies release and copious amounts during
the last two weeks of our cycle, Like what is
that actually doing?
Speaker 2 (04:28):
Well?
Speaker 3 (04:29):
The thing it's doing is trying to get your body
all ready to go in case of pregnancy. And even
though this doesn't sound like something that should require a
whole lot of you know to do biologically, it actually does.
And just to give you some examples of some of
the things that progesterone does in the body to help
coordinate and promote a successful implantation of an embryo and pregnancy,
(04:53):
things like suppressing the immune system and shifting it from
a pro inflammatory state into an anti inflammatory state. And
this is something that would allow an embryo to be
able to implant without getting attacked by the immune system. Right,
a woman's energy needs increase by about seven to eleven percent,
meaning that women need more calories in the second half
of the cycle than they do in the first because
(05:14):
your basal metabolic rate increases because of all of the
increased effort that the body has to undergo in order
to prepare the endometrial layer and make all of the
other physiological changes that help to support a successful pregnancy.
We also get a down regulation in our sort of
outward facing motivation to be outwardly social because that's energetically
(05:39):
costly and we tend to be, you know, sort of
directing our energy inward. And this is something that can
you know, help conserve energy at times when energy is
at a premium or body temperature goes up, or sexual
desire decreases. I mean, there's all kinds of changes that
help to promote this pregnancy state. And I'm going to
let you ask a.
Speaker 2 (05:58):
Question in there. I want to unpack, I want to
break a few things down. But let's remind everybody who
we're speaking with. It's doctor Sarah Hill. She's the author
of The period Brain, The New Science of Why we
pms and how to fix it. You're listening to get
Connected on one oh six point seven light FM. I'm
Mina del Rio. I actually got a bit of a
laugh in the beginning of the book because we're talking
(06:18):
about women have two phases where governed our sexual lives
by two specific hormones, estrogen and progesterone. But men they
just have the one. They just have the one purpose.
So in a way, we're sort of like we are,
you know, two different creatures governed by two completely different things,
and that's what creates a lot of the disconnect.
Speaker 3 (06:39):
Yeah, and I think you know a lot of one
of the reasons that women feel bad in the last
two weeks of the cycle is that all of us
have been given a sort of one size fits all
like set of ideas about what it means to be human,
and that just doesn't work for women. It's like, we
do cycle between these two hormones, and as we cycle
between these two hormones, it changes what our body is doing,
it changes what our brain is doing, and so we
(07:02):
cycle right. And this again is because our body has
to do two distinct sets of activities to reproduce, and
so we do cycle between, you know, a version of
ourself that's optimized for attraction and sex and then a
version of ourself that's optimized for implantation and pregnancy. And
when we try to misapply these rules that have been
(07:22):
created for men, right, things like you need the same
number of calories every day, you need the same amount
of exercise and the same type of exercise every week,
you need, you know, the same amount of sleep. Your
recovery should be the same every day, and it just
doesn't work that way for us. Like, if you are
a female, your body is going to be cycling and
(07:44):
as a result of that cycling, you're going to experience changes.
And when as soon as you start to acknowledge that
and understand that, you know, it's a possibility that the
way that you take care of yourself and the way
that you understand yourself is cyclical. It really makes things
a whole lot better.
Speaker 2 (08:01):
I think it's also a great reminder that your hormones
don't just affect you from the waist down. Right. This
is true in your reproductive years, this is true in perimenopause,
is true in menopause, if you want to talk about that, right, Yes,
the hormones affect so much of what's going on with
your behavior in general.
Speaker 3 (08:19):
Yeah, I mean, you are your hormones, and that's something
you know. We tend to think about our hormones only
affecting us from the waist down, or we think of
them as something that happens to us. But I mean
they're a core part of what our brain uses to
create the experience of being the person we are, and
so as they change, both across the cycle and across
the lifespan. As you noted, when you you know, are
(08:40):
going through puberty or going through perimenopause and into menopause,
you become a different version of yourself. Like women were
made to evolve, right, we shift. We're an unfolding picture.
And I think that as soon as we wrap our
arms around that and are given language to understand what
our body is doing, and also understand, like, start to
(09:01):
learn to trust our bodies, because I think a lot
of women have this idea that their body is the enemy,
and I hear that from so many people, and a
lot of it is because they're following the rules that
they were told that they need to follow in order
to live well and have you know, optimal health. But
a lot of those rules were created for men, and
the result is if you're following those rules and you
(09:22):
feel like, gosh, you know, I'm so hungry, and why
can't I you know, why can't I get myself to
stop having these food cravings? You know, if you're not
eating enough in the luteal phase, the last two weeks
of the cycle, when your calorie needs go up, you're
going to have food cravings. You know, your body is
preparing for the possibility of pregnancy and you're not eating enough.
(09:43):
And so as soon as we start to learn to
trust our bodies right and believe what our bodies are
telling us and really listen to that, I think it
can fundamentally, in addition to making us feel better and
eliminate some of the symptoms of PMS, I think it
can also allow us to develop a positive relationship for
us with ourselves and for a lot of us, let's
be the first time that we've ever been given permission
(10:04):
right to do that.
Speaker 2 (10:05):
Well, one of the things that you do in the
book is help reinterpret. Obviously there's a biological method to
the madness. You've mentioned food cravings. I want to talk about.
One of the things you touched on too, is about exercise.
So the two phases, they're not equivalent when it comes
to what we need for exercise, how we our bodies
metabolize the things that we're doing at that time. Can
(10:26):
you talk about the connection between say, strength training and
the luteal phase.
Speaker 3 (10:31):
Yeah, So there's research that finds where they randomly assign
people to engage in strength training activities that that's either
heavy loaded with the strength training when estrogen is the
dominant hormone, which is in the first two weeks of
the cycle, or they have them heavy loading on strength
training during the luteal phase when progesterone is the dominant
(10:52):
sex hormone and the women, they have the women doing
the exact same number of lifting sessions over the course
of a month, and they followed them for three months,
and what they found is that women who are doing
most of their heavy lifting in the estrogenic follicular phase,
so during the first two weeks of the cycle, they
gained significantly more muscle strength than did the women who
are doing their heavy lifting in the luteal phase in
(11:14):
response to progesterone. And there's been other studies that have
found similar patterns, and it's believed to be because estrogen
actually activates a whole bunch of different types of pathways
in the body that help promote muscle synthesis and growth,
whereas progesterone is actually catabolic and so it actually likes
to break tissue down. And so this isn't to say that,
(11:36):
you know, working out in the luteal phase is not
going to help you with strength training. Instead, it's just
you can potentially get better gains by focusing more of
your strength training in the early phase of the cycle, right,
so the first two weeks of the cycle and then
focusing more on restorative and you know, sort of lower
impact forms of exercise in the luteal phase when progesterone
(11:59):
is high. Found in my own life that this has
made a big difference for me in terms of improving
my strength gains. And we've done some research with some
of the researchers at twenty eight Wellness, which is it's
a cycle tracking app that also gives exercise recommendations based
on cycle phase, and we found that with their users
(12:19):
that the more frequently they reported engaging in cycle based fitness,
the better they felt about their fitness returns, and the
better fitness returns they reported, and so, you know, there
might be something to this, and so the jury is
still out. This is sort of a new area of research.
Is just like looking at the extent to which cyclical
(12:40):
variation in you know, exercise activity might lead to cyclical
variation and outcomes. But in general, you know, many women
find that it also feels better to exercise this way.
And this is certainly the case for me because during
the luteal phase you do have a down regulation in
your sort of motivation to be doing energy exerting things.
(13:04):
And again this is because this is a phase in
the cycle that's really preparing the body for pregnancy, and
that means conserving energy and it means needing all of
the you know, different resources that it can hold on
to to be able to help to manage the proliferation
of the endometrial layer and get it ready for pregnancy.
Speaker 2 (13:22):
There is so much more in the book. We only
have so many minutes with you, but just to briefly
wrap up, can you talk a bit about breaking the
cycle of the lack of knowledge the advantages that someone
might have and discovering this information as a younger woman,
as a girl, rather than at fifty.
Speaker 3 (13:40):
Yeah, yeah, right, yeah. So, I think for a really
long time, women have been taught to ignore or kind
of deny the fact that their hormone cycle and that
these might have important, you know, implications for their brain
and their body. And we're needing to embrace this and
(14:01):
understanding that this is a strength and not a weakness.
I think can really help women better understand themselves, have
a better language that they can use to explain to
themselves what's happening in their own bodies, and also to
be able to better communicate with their partners. And I
think that taking the time to learn about your hormones
and how your hormonal changes influence the way that you
(14:25):
think and feel and experience the world really can fundamentally
change the nature of the relationship that we have with
ourselves and that we have with other people.
Speaker 2 (14:33):
It is a very readable book and really fascinating so far.
The period Brain by doctor Sarah E. Hill is the
new science of why we pms and how to fix it.
Doctor Sarah Hill, thank you for joining me on Get Connected.
Speaker 3 (14:46):
Thank you so much for having me.
Speaker 1 (14:48):
This has been Get Connected with Nina del Rio on
one oh six point seven light Fm. The views and
opinions of our guests do not necessarily reflect the views
of the station. If you missed any part of our
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Thanks for listening.