January 2, 2020 • 30 mins
Black-eyed peas, a traditional New Year’s food in the American South, are an important staple all year long around the world. We dig into the history of this hardy legume – plus the science of minimizing beans’ musical properties.
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Speaker 1 (00:07):
Hello, and i'lcome to save a protection of I heart
radio and stuff media. I'm Annies and I'm Lauren Vogelbaum,
and welcome to the New Year. Yes, welcome and welcome
to the show. Today we're talking about black eyed peas,
not the band. Not the band too much, probably obviously
not well. But in case anyone thought we made some
weird New Year's resolution, sharp turn, No, I like that.
(00:30):
We're entering the new decade with black eyed peas. Me too.
It's a it's a Southern tradition to eat black eyed
peas on New Year's Day. Yes, a while back, we
did an episode around the traditional Southern New Year's meal,
which is generally some type of pork, green's, black eyed peas,
(00:51):
and corn bread. And these all represent basically lucking money
coming year. And there's a chance I'm eating this right
now as you listening. I've already got it all ready
to go. I just have to cook it. I love
black eyed peas, but this is literally the only time
of year I eat them, really, and it kind of
bumps me out. I don't know. I should eat them more.
(01:12):
You should eat the more they're available. I know they're
not available like fresh. It's times of year. I've actually
only cooked them fresh once in my life. Term, Yeah,
how did you feel about it? It was good. I'm
somebody who scoff sets soaking things, and you're a soak soakoff.
I'm a soak scoffer that I didn't want to do it.
(01:33):
I'm lazy, essentially, so the cans are easier. But they
were really good. I just didn't like the soaking. Uh well,
brings back memories of the butter beans, and I don't
like thinking about that. If anyone doesn't know about my
butter bean jama, that's okay, but I got some built
up memories. It's all that blanching. It's hard. It's hard,
(01:54):
and it hurts. It hurt. I probably just wasn't doing
it correctly, but that's okay, But okay. The black eyed
peas in this Southern traditional New Year's meal is supposed
to represent luck, or that's what it was in my family.
I hear most other people think it's like coins coins, Yeah,
because it's got the little right coin shape. I suppose.
(02:18):
I don't think that beans are in any way shaped
like coins, but that's that's what you have to be
squinting pretty hard. I feel like I've played at least
one video game where you pay with for things coins
with coins with beans with beans. Uh yeah, I know.
Apparently the saying is piece for pennies, greens for dollars,
and corn bread for gold. Yes. Um, and we bought
(02:42):
into it when we were children. This is how my
mom I was all about it. But my my brothers
don't like either collars, which is what we normally had,
or black eyed peas, but they ate them because they
believed in the luck, or at least they didn't want
to risk it. It wasn't true, But okay, I guess
that brings us to our question black eyed peas. What
(03:07):
are they? It turns out they go buy a lot
of different names for one, mixing it up all. I'm
coming in with some angry response because as we were
doing the research for this, I saw cow peas, cowder peas,
southern peas, field peas, or long beans asparagus beans or
yard long peas. Too many names. Pick a lame. Uh yeah, well,
(03:33):
no matter what you call them, black eyed peas are,
they're not peace exactly. They do share the same family,
the lagoon family, but black eyed peas are a species
of bean, and I have it here and I couldn't
find a pronunciation. I'm gonna try vigna and gueulata. Yeah, sure,
(03:56):
let's call it that. Let's do it. Um. Yeah, that's that.
That is the exact species, And to be even more exact,
they are a subspecies that has particular markings. Um. When
mature and dried, this bean is is a small white
to cream colored thing with a inky, black, brown or
purple ring, seemingly just stamped right at the top or
like if you think of a bean, is sort of
(04:16):
like a blunt heart shape sort of thing. Yeah, it's
like right at the apex of the heart. Oh yeah,
so much nicer than saying kidney shape, it is, right, yeah. Um.
Related beans can come in other colors, red to brown,
to black, to speckled, multicolored to just cream without the
spot um, and are sometimes called bybe some of those
(04:40):
same names. Too many humans get it together. Come on.
The beans grow in these long, skinny, lumpy pods, and
in some places the pods are eaten while they're still green,
and the beans are immature, like like snap beans. Yeah. Um.
Sometimes the mature but still tender beans are shelled and
cooked up fresh and sometimes the beans are dried, which
me they need to be soaked to rehydrate before cooking.
(05:05):
It's gonna be okay. The leaves are also edible, uh,
similar to spinach. Really yeah. And that dark ring is
um around the area. That's that's like the bean's belly button.
It marks where it was attached to the inside of
the pod. Oh huh. Apparently in France they were originally
called magette, the French word for none, because the black
(05:28):
spot reminded some of how Nun's dressed. I don't really
see it, but okay, yeah, maybe like the hat, like
the little headwear wimple combo. Maybe, I'm not sure. Anyway,
I like it. The beans will dry out naturally on
the vine. They are self preserving. Um. Once dried, they
are really sturdy. They can last at least two hundred
(05:49):
years in the state and still be planted and sprouted afterward.
Two hundred years. I know at least research is ongoing.
They're just waiting it out. I'm not sure. Oh wow, um,
but yeah, this was evolutionarily useful because if the weather
is too dry for new plants to grow, the beans,
which are you know, like the fruit seed combo of
(06:10):
the plant could just hang out and wait until rain
came again. Day. Yeah, it's impressive. The cow pea family
is a warm climate crop grown mostly in tropical to
subtropical regions because it will not tolerate frost. Um, but
it is really hardy. It's a resistant to drought and pests.
They're also good to plant alongside other crops. Their shade
(06:31):
resistant and can crowd out weeds crowder Yeah. Um. They
only take about two to two and a half months
to reach maturity, so if you are in a warm climate,
you can get a good crop pretty late in the year.
Oh nice, perhaps harvesting them somewhere in December. Strange um.
And although commercial operations may harvest them mechanically, they're pretty
easy to shell by hand. They're just all around like
(06:53):
a really agreeable plant. I like it. Yeah, me too.
And beans in general are a valuable crop because they
they a have like a lot of protein for vegetation
um and be grow with symbiotic bacteria in their roots,
so like the plant in, bacteria team up to pull
nitrogen from the air. The plant takes in the air
that has the nitrogen that it it can't use. Um.
(07:15):
But Uh, but the bacteria will fix it in the
soil where the plants can soak it up through their roots.
Oh it's a whole process, um, and most plants can't
do this so um. So anything the beans don't get
to use gets left in the soil after the crop
is harvested and can be used by the next crop
it gets planted. There. Oh wow, yeah, very impressive. Uh huh.
(07:37):
What about the nutrition. Yeah, yeah, that protein thing. Um,
they're up to protein by weight. They're low and fat,
high in fiber, have a punch of carbs, and contain
just an absolute heck ton of minerals a smattering of
vitamins like thiamon and folate. They will definitely fill you
up and keep you going pretty well, especially if you
pair them with a little bit more fat and vege.
(07:59):
Well the traditional New Year exactly. Oh and a side
note about why beans are in fact the musical fruit. Finally,
get to the bottom of this, I've been wondering since
its elementary school. Alright, So, some of those cards that
they contain are our sugars that we humans, like all
(08:21):
other mammals, do not have the enzymes to break down
in our digestive system. But the bacteria in our guts,
sure do you have those enzymes? So the sugars pass
into our guts, the bacteria there eat them and excrete,
carbon dioxide, methane and a few other gases, and we
pass those gasses. So the moral of the story is
(08:41):
a everybody farts um and be uh discard the slime
around canned beans um, and the soaking water for dried beans,
and maybe like the cooking water for dried beans too,
if you want to be like super careful because the
sugars will wash out if you discard the soaking water. Yeah. Uh,
you never know what you're gonna learn podcasting just in
(09:04):
time too. Yep, you're welcome, thank you, thank you. Well,
let's look at some numbers. Nigeria is the world stop
producer of black eyed peas. They are also the world's
top consumer and importer of the crop. In twenty six,
United States Agency for International Development found that the average
Nigeria consumes eighteen kilograms of black eyed peas, the average
(09:26):
Gaudian nine kilograms and one kilograms per person. In quote
du Bois of the annual five point for million tons
of black eyed peas produced come from Africa, with Nigeria
making up of that number, and globally, Yeah, black eyed
peas are popular dishes in Africa, particularly West Africa, India,
(09:47):
mem Are, Brazil, the Caribbean, and the Southern United States.
They feature prominently in things like hop and John more
on that later. And in Brazil, peeled and mashed black
eyed peas than ferminded, overnight and fried and palm oil
are popular street food. Nigeria is pretty much the same thing.
In Africa, they are part of the daily diets of
millions of people. They might be boiled and eat with
(10:09):
rice and or fried tomatoes and onions and contains. Sometimes
they are ground up into flour later made into porridge.
Some places in Sub Saharan Africa labeled this crop miracle
peas or poor man's meat due to their ability to
weather tough conditions and their nutritional profile. Yeah, I've read
that in Sub Saharan Africa as a whole, they are
the primary source of protein in people's diets. Wow. Because
(10:33):
of its significance in the diets of so many of
the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture is experimenting with varieties
of black eyed peas that produce higher yields or are
resistant to pest. As of now, I I t a
boast the world's largest and most diverse bank of black
eyed peas fifteen thousand unique examples from eighty eight countries. Ah,
that's so cool, I love it. Yeah. UM England's Royal
(10:56):
Botanical Gardens Q has a science arm that also on
seed collection, and the black eyed pea is one of
twenty nine crops that they have deemed a potential savior
of a future food security. They thus also have a
collection of not just cultivated varietals of black eyed peas,
but also their cousins that grow in the wild. See
you didn't think that the black eyed pea was going
to be a good start to the decade, but look
(11:19):
at this. It is. It is when it comes to
their place as a representation of luck in the Southern
New Year's or coins, what have you. Most food historians
thing has to do with humility, as one saying goes
eat poor on New Year's and eat fat the rest
of the year. Or it could be as simple as
they kind of look like coins. Like we said, that's
what I always assume personally, And I guess having money
(11:42):
is lucky. It's fortunate for sure. Um sort of related.
Some think it's because when cooked, the volume of black
eyed peas substantially increases, making it hopefully a representation of
wealth and abundance increasing. One of one of my favorite
food blogs, Botanist in the Kitchen, wrote about black eyed
peas quote, just like optimism, beans are cheap enough that
(12:02):
anyone can have them. I love that. As we mentioned
in our New Year's Traditions episode, there are even more
specific traditions around black eyed peas. One goes that you
have to eat them before noon on New Year's Day
to benefit from the look o one. It's like, it's
like Gremlins. I can't eat an afternoon. That's probably where
(12:25):
the plot of Gremlins came from, now I think about it.
Another goes that you have to count out three d
and sixty five three hundred sixty six of black eyed peas,
one for each day of the coming year. No, thank you.
That sounds like a lot more counting than I generally
care to do. I did used to really like counting
when I was a kid. I like to count, and
(12:45):
I want a lot of contests that way, like like
guess how many Oh I'm really good at those? Maybe
I should count. Okay, maybe I will. I've I've seen
black eyed peas referred to as poor Man's caviare in
the South or Texas caviare and thinking about it too.
Most of these lucky Southern foods are ones that do
(13:06):
grow during tough winter months a k. Around New Year's
and as we've said before, pre refrigeration, people frequently slaughtered
their pigs before winter and salted the pork to make
it to the season. So it kind of just makes sense. Yes,
delicious sense, delicious delicious sense. And there's a pun there,
there's a pun. But anyway, let's move on from bad
(13:28):
puns and talk about some history. Yes, but first let's
take a quick break for a word for our sponsor,
and we're back. Thank you sponsored, Yes, thank you. Black
eyed peas most likely originated in Africa or possibly Asia,
(13:50):
probably Africa. Probably it's still debated because their taxonomic names
suggests they are from Asia, but records seem to indicate
they were growing in the wild and Africa prior to
their existing in Asia. As always, we know that the
names of things can't always be trusted. Absolutely, yes, but yeah,
different people at different times of thought. Asia, Africa mysteries history.
(14:12):
They were domesticated in West Africa at least five thousand
years ago, and they've been cultivated since prehistoric times and
tropical Asia and especially in what is now India. Ancient
China grew them too, they are related to them. One
of our interviewees from New Orleans, Dr Jessica B. Harris,
wrote an article over at The New York Times about
(14:33):
the history of black eyed peas that was super helpful
for all of this. Totally go check it out if
you're interested. She also has a lot of books that
we highly recommend about all kinds of this stuff, all
kinds of stuff that we're talking about. Um Ancient Greeks
and Romans preferred the black eyed pea to the chickpe
apparently apparently interestingly, black eyed peas have been considered a
(14:53):
lucky food to eat on New Years for a long time,
at least as far back as five CE, when the
Talmud mentioned the eating of black eyed peas for Russiashanna,
the Jewish New Year. Some historians believe that Sephardic Jews
brought this tradition with them when they immigrated to the
United States, and records put the first wave of Sophardic
jews in Georgia by the seventeen thirties. This is around
(15:16):
the same time records of black eyed peas suggest that
they were plentiful in that area, enough so people started
calling them field peas. The name cow peas also popped
up around this time. Allegedly they got their name because
of their association as animal feed, particularly for cows. There
you go, but that's one version. These names cow pea
(15:37):
and field peak could have originated much earlier, with the
common practice in Africa planting the peas along the border
of fields to help manage the weed population. Fortified soil,
and the stems and leaves gave cow something to snack on. Yeah,
the leaves and pods are considered like a really good
livestock snack. Sounds good. I don't know why I have
the leaves. I love eating leaves, which is a weird
(15:59):
thing to say, but I love. But every time we
find out, oh, you can actually eat the leaves of
this yeah right, yeah, all right. Oh. And also some
accounts suggest that Egyptian pharaohs eight black eyed peas to
grant them humility. Okay, so ye, who knows the black
eyed pea arrived to the New World from West Africa
(16:22):
as part of the slave trade, perhaps arriving to the
West Indies first and then migrating through the Americans South.
The first written records put the black eyed pea in
the Americas by sixteen seventy four, one historian wrote, quoted
from Dr Harris's article, everywhere African slaves arrived in substantial numbers.
Cow peas followed. Prior to the Revolutionary War, they became
(16:43):
one of South Carolina's biggest cash crops, and while they
were at first relegated as a food for the enslaved
poor white people or as animal fee, they did start
to make their way into the diets of middle and
upper class Americans. Mary Randolph's version of The Ginia Housewife
featured a recipe of fried field patties. Yeah As with
(17:07):
most Southern foods, several accounts of the traditional Southern New
Year's meal posit that it's spread during the Civil War
after Union soldiers plundered Confederate food supplies but left behind
the pork and the peas, believing that they were animal
feed um or in the case the pork salted pork.
They might not have really cared to have it. In
populary tellings of this version of events, Confederate soldiers felt
(17:29):
lucky to have access to these foods when provisions were scarce,
especially during the winter. Yet another story posits that black
eyed peas represent the emancipation of enslaved African Americans. The
first New Year's after the Civil War ended was the
date they were officially granted freedom. Some records suggest that
some men even put black eyed peas in their wallets
(17:51):
for prosperity. Yeah, keep the money next to the money,
of course, sure, Why didn't I think of that? The
Creole people added black eyed peas, rice and pickled pork
to make a dish called jambalaya. Oh congret congrete, meaning
black eyed peas. Thomas Jefferson planted the peas at Monticello.
I feel like he planted everyone. That is a question
(18:13):
for a future episode. When it comes to hop and
John sometimes called Happy John specifically, and this is an
American Southern dish of black eyed peas, rice, off in
pork or a handbone, and definitely seasoning. Although there are
a lot of versions of it, a lot, a lot
a lot. If you aren't familiar, um historians agree that
its roots go back to West African dishes composed of
(18:35):
rice and black eyed peas. Dishes similar to Hop and
John are made in parts of Africa to this day.
Records show the dish was a staple among its slay
people in the southern US, particularly in the Goala country
of South Carolina. Rice and black eyed peas were both
cash crops in that area. Still, others post the dish
might be Islamic in origin, since Cynegales and Nigerian Muslims
(18:57):
have a similar dish swapping out the pork for jerked beef.
Recipes for the dish started appearing in early twentieth century
American cookbooks. Didn't we I want to think about it.
Didn't we have some Hop and John when we were
in Asheville. Yes, yes, it was part of the very
first meal that we had when we got up there
at the Sierra Nevada Brewery. That's right. Yeah. And it
(19:19):
was a very very fancy hopp and John dish. It
was the best nineteen dollars I've ever spent a Hop
and John. It was good. It was really good. Huh,
Because I was about to say, I can't remember the
last time I had it. But that was it all right? Cool.
Speculation abounds about the origin of the name. One points
to the old expression hopping John used to invite guests
(19:39):
over for a meal. Yet another describes the hilarious and
probably not real tradition where children would hop around the
table once before digging into this dish. Oh, that sounds
like a thing I would well, I would have done.
And when I was a kid, if someone had told
me this is lucky do it? I would have been like,
this is an excuse to Greek some havoc in this kitchen, Okay,
(20:00):
because when I read it, I thought, why, But you're right,
maybe kids are kids, like any any reason to hop around,
I suppose. In his book Rice and Beans, The Itinerary
of a Recipe, John Thorne theorized that the name hopping
John was a coruption from the French poil pigeon pigeon pas.
(20:21):
Pigeon pas didn't really take off in the southern United States,
but they did in the Caribbean, so the term might
have resulted from some confusion. It seems like a big leap.
I don't know, I can hear the John. Sure, yeah,
h who knows? If we do it? We ken mysteries,
(20:42):
histories all the time. From a nineteen thirteen Chicago Tribune
article called Secret of Hopping John Out, recipe told for
the Dixie dish. The secret of Hopping John is out,
and they do put the g at the end. They do.
The composition of this famous Southern dish, about which successive
generations of the cooks of Dixie have thrown a hill
(21:03):
of mystery has been disclosed by an investigation conducted by
the Department of Agriculture, and is given to the World
and Farmer's bullet at number five oh nine issued today,
Not five oh nine five o nine gosh. This is
the recipe guaranteed by the government for the production of
the true hop and John. Soak one quart of dried
(21:26):
cowpies overnight and water enough to cover until they are tender,
adding more water if necessary. Cook a pint of rice
and three parts of water. Mix the two season with
two tablespoons of butter and two teaspoonfuls of salt. A
little beaver pork maybe added to the water in which
the piece are cooked. Then the bulletin proceeds to sing
the virtues of cow pies in general, which the government
(21:49):
o Pines ought to be better. No, north of the
Mason and Dixon's line. That is. That's wonderful. It's so funny,
especially because yes, they definitely call it hopping John. Yes,
this serious Southern dish. Uh. In the first few decades
(22:13):
of the twentieth century, black eyed peas and their cousins
were the most popular lagoon for livestock feed in the
United States. UM. That all started changing UM with the
introduction of soybeans. And I think the flip happened in
the nineteen thirties where soybeans took over UM and then
later with a pest that started blighting southern pea crops.
This this weevil that just weeks havoc on black eyed peas. UM.
(22:35):
So production here in the States is much smaller now
than it was UM at the beginning of the twentieth century,
and uh mostly for human consumption, and it's still troubled
by this we evil. I read that a lot of
a lot of Georgia growers are really having problems, weavil problems.
Didn't we see a giant statue of weevil? We did?
It was real weird but kind of wonderful, but kind
(22:55):
of wonderful. Yeah, that that was on our field trip
to Dothan, Alabama. Future episode about peanuts. Yes, all right,
but now we got to talk about a very important
of it we do in Los Angeles. In one will
I Am apple to app or perhaps it's a P
L D E A P with thoughts in between. We're
(23:18):
a little behind the little, We're a little two, we are,
we are. Jamie Gomez, A. K. Taboo, and Kim Hill
formed a little group called Black Eyed Pods what Ye
later renamed the Black Eyed Peas. If you're wondering why
they chose that name, Will I Am once said that
black eyed peas are food for the soul, while also
(23:40):
citing the red Hot Chili peppers as an influence and
saying he wanted to name the band after a food
like them, black eyed peas. The beans enjoyed a moment
in the sun when the EU NS of Food and
Agriculture Organization named the International Year of Pulses, which is
(24:00):
another word for dried beans like black eyed peas. Okay,
it's like I like pulses. Yeah, good, pulses are great. Yeah,
and I enjoy having work, yes, wonderful. As of twenty nineteen,
scientists that you see Riverside decoded the genome of the
black eyed peas in hopes of feeding the world's growing population,
especially as the effects of climate change become more apparent.
(24:24):
Understanding the black eyed peas toughness could help tough enough
other crops as well. It's one of only a handful
of other crops to be completely sequenced, and they contain
about thirty seven thousand jeans. So it's impressive work. That
is impressive work. And yeah, the research continues. Farmers and
scientists are looking at different varieties of black eyed peas
(24:44):
to find winning traits, you know, a particular resistance to drought,
or tolerance to pests, diseases and competing weeds in general. Um.
Less research of this type has been done with this
bean than other sustenance crops like corn or rice or
wheat or potatoes, basically because black eyed peas are less finicky.
Um But yeah, as with any crop, developing varieties that
(25:05):
are even hardier and more productive would help farmers out,
which helps everybody out there. You go, it's exciting stuff,
it is. I'm feeling inspired me too. This was I
had no idea what we were in for when we
started doing this research and it turned out to be
more more delightful than I thought. I feel like that
happens with everything we do, and that's one of my
(25:27):
favorite things at the job. Me too, there's always some
weird fact about bacteria parts that I'm just like, well,
this has made it all worthwhile. Everything This is a
good way to start the year is and we hope
that some of you at the very least found this
as entertaine as we did. But maybe you're having some
(25:48):
black eyed peas or maybe you're convinced to go get
them now. But we do have a little bit more
for you. We do. But first we've got one more
quick break for a word from our sponsor, and we're back.
Thank you sponsored, Yes, thank you, We're back with Done Done.
(26:13):
Don't god. I was so into that song it first
came out, but it has been a very long time.
It's been a minute, a minute or two at least,
at least, Sarah wrote and the end of the Candy
Cane episode, you said you liked animal pictures, even if
they were not named after food. So I thought i'd
share a little pet saver serendipity with you. I have
(26:36):
a pet snake named Aja, and my sister is afraid
of him because she doesn't like snakes in general. So
I note we are both adults and don't live together,
but we live with an easy visiting distance. But she
hasn't been to visit since I got a J. A
few weeks back, she sent me a picture she had
found online of a snake in a sweater and said
(26:57):
that she'd be less scared of a J if he
was wearing us sweater. I thought the holiday season would
be a good time to nit him a Christmas sweather,
so I made one with the red and white stripes
so we'd look like a candy cane. Candy canes and
snakes are both long and thin, right, absolutely, Your episode
on candy canes came up right as I was finishing
the sweater, so I listened to the episode while coax
(27:17):
a J into the sweater for a photo shoot. I
don't think he liked it very much, but I've attached
some photos so you can judge for yourself. They're amazing, adorable.
That is so wonderful. That is that is the best,
because snakes are so chilly and they just wanted to
be cozy and warm. Yes, and holiday, festive, holiday sweater
(27:37):
attire festive holiday snakes are even better than other snakes,
and I really love snakes, so I did do. I
would love to know if if your sister yeah this
sweater yeah update us, Hailey wrote, I'm writing from the
beer loving hippie hick, Missoula, Montana. Animal Crackers was my
(28:00):
most recent listen and I love the you mentioned rotary
dies and their importance to production. I work in a
vitamin and supplement factory. We blend and mix the ingredients
by the barrel, put them into tablet or capsule form.
I'm a level one tab press operator. Then package them
to be sent to nationwide stores and even Korea and
Taiwan on old worrying tab presses. We make a chewable
(28:21):
teddy bear shaped vitamin for children. They got classic Flintstones variety.
The bears look similar to gummy bears and are made
with rotary dies. These have a lot of issues. The
powder is sensitive to humidity changes and are sweets, so
are more likely to caramelize when the dyes get gunk
in them. The product has picking kind of like a
Plato mold with lots of hardened pieces on it that
(28:42):
produces a less detailed image. What's the first detail we lose?
The butt? When running Teddy Bears, we are constantly inspecting
the bear booties to make sure the diyes are clean.
Imagine people in white hazmat suits bunny suits um asking
supervisors in lab coats to check the little tushies under
a a lit up magnifying glass to ensure that no
(29:02):
flat asked bears leave the facility. I would expect the
production floor at any animal cracker company to be equally
frustrated about the oddly shaped animals. Anyway, thanks for expanding
both my knowledge and curiosity about food. I love to
listen when I cook, and I have whispered East Pooh
under my breath at many a brewery. So have we.
(29:26):
I love that I've never really thought about people and
has met suits having to inspect the butts of the
Vitam bears. Thank you for all the work you do. Yes,
thank you. Thanks to both of them for writing in.
If you would like to write to us, we would
love to hear from you. Our email is Hello at
(29:47):
savor pod dot com. We're also on social media and
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savor pod. We do hope to hear from you. Savor
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(30:09):
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Hello, and i'lcome to save a protection of I heart
radio and stuff media. I'm Annies and I'm Lauren Vogelbaum,
and welcome to the New Year. Yes, welcome and welcome
to the show. Today we're talking about black eyed peas,
not the band. Not the band too much, probably obviously
not well. But in case anyone thought we made some
weird New Year's resolution, sharp turn, No, I like that.
(00:30):
We're entering the new decade with black eyed peas. Me too.
It's a it's a Southern tradition to eat black eyed
peas on New Year's Day. Yes, a while back, we
did an episode around the traditional Southern New Year's meal,
which is generally some type of pork, green's, black eyed peas,
(00:51):
and corn bread. And these all represent basically lucking money
coming year. And there's a chance I'm eating this right
now as you listening. I've already got it all ready
to go. I just have to cook it. I love
black eyed peas, but this is literally the only time
of year I eat them, really, and it kind of
bumps me out. I don't know. I should eat them more.
(01:12):
You should eat the more they're available. I know they're
not available like fresh. It's times of year. I've actually
only cooked them fresh once in my life. Term, Yeah,
how did you feel about it? It was good. I'm
somebody who scoff sets soaking things, and you're a soak soakoff.
I'm a soak scoffer that I didn't want to do it.
(01:33):
I'm lazy, essentially, so the cans are easier. But they
were really good. I just didn't like the soaking. Uh well,
brings back memories of the butter beans, and I don't
like thinking about that. If anyone doesn't know about my
butter bean jama, that's okay, but I got some built
up memories. It's all that blanching. It's hard. It's hard,
(01:54):
and it hurts. It hurt. I probably just wasn't doing
it correctly, but that's okay, But okay. The black eyed
peas in this Southern traditional New Year's meal is supposed
to represent luck, or that's what it was in my family.
I hear most other people think it's like coins coins, Yeah,
because it's got the little right coin shape. I suppose.
(02:18):
I don't think that beans are in any way shaped
like coins, but that's that's what you have to be
squinting pretty hard. I feel like I've played at least
one video game where you pay with for things coins
with coins with beans with beans. Uh yeah, I know.
Apparently the saying is piece for pennies, greens for dollars,
and corn bread for gold. Yes. Um, and we bought
(02:42):
into it when we were children. This is how my
mom I was all about it. But my my brothers
don't like either collars, which is what we normally had,
or black eyed peas, but they ate them because they
believed in the luck, or at least they didn't want
to risk it. It wasn't true, But okay, I guess
that brings us to our question black eyed peas. What
(03:07):
are they? It turns out they go buy a lot
of different names for one, mixing it up all. I'm
coming in with some angry response because as we were
doing the research for this, I saw cow peas, cowder peas,
southern peas, field peas, or long beans asparagus beans or
yard long peas. Too many names. Pick a lame. Uh yeah, well,
(03:33):
no matter what you call them, black eyed peas are,
they're not peace exactly. They do share the same family,
the lagoon family, but black eyed peas are a species
of bean, and I have it here and I couldn't
find a pronunciation. I'm gonna try vigna and gueulata. Yeah, sure,
(03:56):
let's call it that. Let's do it. Um. Yeah, that's that.
That is the exact species, And to be even more exact,
they are a subspecies that has particular markings. Um. When
mature and dried, this bean is is a small white
to cream colored thing with a inky, black, brown or
purple ring, seemingly just stamped right at the top or
like if you think of a bean, is sort of
(04:16):
like a blunt heart shape sort of thing. Yeah, it's
like right at the apex of the heart. Oh yeah,
so much nicer than saying kidney shape, it is, right, yeah. Um.
Related beans can come in other colors, red to brown,
to black, to speckled, multicolored to just cream without the
spot um, and are sometimes called bybe some of those
(04:40):
same names. Too many humans get it together. Come on.
The beans grow in these long, skinny, lumpy pods, and
in some places the pods are eaten while they're still green,
and the beans are immature, like like snap beans. Yeah. Um.
Sometimes the mature but still tender beans are shelled and
cooked up fresh and sometimes the beans are dried, which
me they need to be soaked to rehydrate before cooking.
(05:05):
It's gonna be okay. The leaves are also edible, uh,
similar to spinach. Really yeah. And that dark ring is
um around the area. That's that's like the bean's belly button.
It marks where it was attached to the inside of
the pod. Oh huh. Apparently in France they were originally
called magette, the French word for none, because the black
(05:28):
spot reminded some of how Nun's dressed. I don't really
see it, but okay, yeah, maybe like the hat, like
the little headwear wimple combo. Maybe, I'm not sure. Anyway,
I like it. The beans will dry out naturally on
the vine. They are self preserving. Um. Once dried, they
are really sturdy. They can last at least two hundred
(05:49):
years in the state and still be planted and sprouted afterward.
Two hundred years. I know at least research is ongoing.
They're just waiting it out. I'm not sure. Oh wow, um,
but yeah, this was evolutionarily useful because if the weather
is too dry for new plants to grow, the beans,
which are you know, like the fruit seed combo of
(06:10):
the plant could just hang out and wait until rain
came again. Day. Yeah, it's impressive. The cow pea family
is a warm climate crop grown mostly in tropical to
subtropical regions because it will not tolerate frost. Um, but
it is really hardy. It's a resistant to drought and pests.
They're also good to plant alongside other crops. Their shade
(06:31):
resistant and can crowd out weeds crowder Yeah. Um. They
only take about two to two and a half months
to reach maturity, so if you are in a warm climate,
you can get a good crop pretty late in the year.
Oh nice, perhaps harvesting them somewhere in December. Strange um.
And although commercial operations may harvest them mechanically, they're pretty
easy to shell by hand. They're just all around like
(06:53):
a really agreeable plant. I like it. Yeah, me too.
And beans in general are a valuable crop because they
they a have like a lot of protein for vegetation
um and be grow with symbiotic bacteria in their roots,
so like the plant in, bacteria team up to pull
nitrogen from the air. The plant takes in the air
that has the nitrogen that it it can't use. Um.
(07:15):
But Uh, but the bacteria will fix it in the
soil where the plants can soak it up through their roots.
Oh it's a whole process, um, and most plants can't
do this so um. So anything the beans don't get
to use gets left in the soil after the crop
is harvested and can be used by the next crop
it gets planted. There. Oh wow, yeah, very impressive. Uh huh.
(07:37):
What about the nutrition. Yeah, yeah, that protein thing. Um,
they're up to protein by weight. They're low and fat,
high in fiber, have a punch of carbs, and contain
just an absolute heck ton of minerals a smattering of
vitamins like thiamon and folate. They will definitely fill you
up and keep you going pretty well, especially if you
pair them with a little bit more fat and vege.
(07:59):
Well the traditional New Year exactly. Oh and a side
note about why beans are in fact the musical fruit. Finally,
get to the bottom of this, I've been wondering since
its elementary school. Alright, So, some of those cards that
they contain are our sugars that we humans, like all
(08:21):
other mammals, do not have the enzymes to break down
in our digestive system. But the bacteria in our guts,
sure do you have those enzymes? So the sugars pass
into our guts, the bacteria there eat them and excrete,
carbon dioxide, methane and a few other gases, and we
pass those gasses. So the moral of the story is
(08:41):
a everybody farts um and be uh discard the slime
around canned beans um, and the soaking water for dried beans,
and maybe like the cooking water for dried beans too,
if you want to be like super careful because the
sugars will wash out if you discard the soaking water. Yeah. Uh,
you never know what you're gonna learn podcasting just in
(09:04):
time too. Yep, you're welcome, thank you, thank you. Well,
let's look at some numbers. Nigeria is the world stop
producer of black eyed peas. They are also the world's
top consumer and importer of the crop. In twenty six,
United States Agency for International Development found that the average
Nigeria consumes eighteen kilograms of black eyed peas, the average
(09:26):
Gaudian nine kilograms and one kilograms per person. In quote
du Bois of the annual five point for million tons
of black eyed peas produced come from Africa, with Nigeria
making up of that number, and globally, Yeah, black eyed
peas are popular dishes in Africa, particularly West Africa, India,
(09:47):
mem Are, Brazil, the Caribbean, and the Southern United States.
They feature prominently in things like hop and John more
on that later. And in Brazil, peeled and mashed black
eyed peas than ferminded, overnight and fried and palm oil
are popular street food. Nigeria is pretty much the same thing.
In Africa, they are part of the daily diets of
millions of people. They might be boiled and eat with
(10:09):
rice and or fried tomatoes and onions and contains. Sometimes
they are ground up into flour later made into porridge.
Some places in Sub Saharan Africa labeled this crop miracle
peas or poor man's meat due to their ability to
weather tough conditions and their nutritional profile. Yeah, I've read
that in Sub Saharan Africa as a whole, they are
the primary source of protein in people's diets. Wow. Because
(10:33):
of its significance in the diets of so many of
the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture is experimenting with varieties
of black eyed peas that produce higher yields or are
resistant to pest. As of now, I I t a
boast the world's largest and most diverse bank of black
eyed peas fifteen thousand unique examples from eighty eight countries. Ah,
that's so cool, I love it. Yeah. UM England's Royal
(10:56):
Botanical Gardens Q has a science arm that also on
seed collection, and the black eyed pea is one of
twenty nine crops that they have deemed a potential savior
of a future food security. They thus also have a
collection of not just cultivated varietals of black eyed peas,
but also their cousins that grow in the wild. See
you didn't think that the black eyed pea was going
to be a good start to the decade, but look
(11:19):
at this. It is. It is when it comes to
their place as a representation of luck in the Southern
New Year's or coins, what have you. Most food historians
thing has to do with humility, as one saying goes
eat poor on New Year's and eat fat the rest
of the year. Or it could be as simple as
they kind of look like coins. Like we said, that's
what I always assume personally, And I guess having money
(11:42):
is lucky. It's fortunate for sure. Um sort of related.
Some think it's because when cooked, the volume of black
eyed peas substantially increases, making it hopefully a representation of
wealth and abundance increasing. One of one of my favorite
food blogs, Botanist in the Kitchen, wrote about black eyed
peas quote, just like optimism, beans are cheap enough that
(12:02):
anyone can have them. I love that. As we mentioned
in our New Year's Traditions episode, there are even more
specific traditions around black eyed peas. One goes that you
have to eat them before noon on New Year's Day
to benefit from the look o one. It's like, it's
like Gremlins. I can't eat an afternoon. That's probably where
(12:25):
the plot of Gremlins came from, now I think about it.
Another goes that you have to count out three d
and sixty five three hundred sixty six of black eyed peas,
one for each day of the coming year. No, thank you.
That sounds like a lot more counting than I generally
care to do. I did used to really like counting
when I was a kid. I like to count, and
(12:45):
I want a lot of contests that way, like like
guess how many Oh I'm really good at those? Maybe
I should count. Okay, maybe I will. I've I've seen
black eyed peas referred to as poor Man's caviare in
the South or Texas caviare and thinking about it too.
Most of these lucky Southern foods are ones that do
(13:06):
grow during tough winter months a k. Around New Year's
and as we've said before, pre refrigeration, people frequently slaughtered
their pigs before winter and salted the pork to make
it to the season. So it kind of just makes sense. Yes,
delicious sense, delicious delicious sense. And there's a pun there,
there's a pun. But anyway, let's move on from bad
(13:28):
puns and talk about some history. Yes, but first let's
take a quick break for a word for our sponsor,
and we're back. Thank you sponsored, Yes, thank you. Black
eyed peas most likely originated in Africa or possibly Asia,
(13:50):
probably Africa. Probably it's still debated because their taxonomic names
suggests they are from Asia, but records seem to indicate
they were growing in the wild and Africa prior to
their existing in Asia. As always, we know that the
names of things can't always be trusted. Absolutely, yes, but yeah,
different people at different times of thought. Asia, Africa mysteries history.
(14:12):
They were domesticated in West Africa at least five thousand
years ago, and they've been cultivated since prehistoric times and
tropical Asia and especially in what is now India. Ancient
China grew them too, they are related to them. One
of our interviewees from New Orleans, Dr Jessica B. Harris,
wrote an article over at The New York Times about
(14:33):
the history of black eyed peas that was super helpful
for all of this. Totally go check it out if
you're interested. She also has a lot of books that
we highly recommend about all kinds of this stuff, all
kinds of stuff that we're talking about. Um Ancient Greeks
and Romans preferred the black eyed pea to the chickpe
apparently apparently interestingly, black eyed peas have been considered a
(14:53):
lucky food to eat on New Years for a long time,
at least as far back as five CE, when the
Talmud mentioned the eating of black eyed peas for Russiashanna,
the Jewish New Year. Some historians believe that Sephardic Jews
brought this tradition with them when they immigrated to the
United States, and records put the first wave of Sophardic
jews in Georgia by the seventeen thirties. This is around
(15:16):
the same time records of black eyed peas suggest that
they were plentiful in that area, enough so people started
calling them field peas. The name cow peas also popped
up around this time. Allegedly they got their name because
of their association as animal feed, particularly for cows. There
you go, but that's one version. These names cow pea
(15:37):
and field peak could have originated much earlier, with the
common practice in Africa planting the peas along the border
of fields to help manage the weed population. Fortified soil,
and the stems and leaves gave cow something to snack on. Yeah,
the leaves and pods are considered like a really good
livestock snack. Sounds good. I don't know why I have
the leaves. I love eating leaves, which is a weird
(15:59):
thing to say, but I love. But every time we
find out, oh, you can actually eat the leaves of
this yeah right, yeah, all right. Oh. And also some
accounts suggest that Egyptian pharaohs eight black eyed peas to
grant them humility. Okay, so ye, who knows the black
eyed pea arrived to the New World from West Africa
(16:22):
as part of the slave trade, perhaps arriving to the
West Indies first and then migrating through the Americans South.
The first written records put the black eyed pea in
the Americas by sixteen seventy four, one historian wrote, quoted
from Dr Harris's article, everywhere African slaves arrived in substantial numbers.
Cow peas followed. Prior to the Revolutionary War, they became
(16:43):
one of South Carolina's biggest cash crops, and while they
were at first relegated as a food for the enslaved
poor white people or as animal fee, they did start
to make their way into the diets of middle and
upper class Americans. Mary Randolph's version of The Ginia Housewife
featured a recipe of fried field patties. Yeah As with
(17:07):
most Southern foods, several accounts of the traditional Southern New
Year's meal posit that it's spread during the Civil War
after Union soldiers plundered Confederate food supplies but left behind
the pork and the peas, believing that they were animal
feed um or in the case the pork salted pork.
They might not have really cared to have it. In
populary tellings of this version of events, Confederate soldiers felt
(17:29):
lucky to have access to these foods when provisions were scarce,
especially during the winter. Yet another story posits that black
eyed peas represent the emancipation of enslaved African Americans. The
first New Year's after the Civil War ended was the
date they were officially granted freedom. Some records suggest that
some men even put black eyed peas in their wallets
(17:51):
for prosperity. Yeah, keep the money next to the money,
of course, sure, Why didn't I think of that? The
Creole people added black eyed peas, rice and pickled pork
to make a dish called jambalaya. Oh congret congrete, meaning
black eyed peas. Thomas Jefferson planted the peas at Monticello.
I feel like he planted everyone. That is a question
(18:13):
for a future episode. When it comes to hop and
John sometimes called Happy John specifically, and this is an
American Southern dish of black eyed peas, rice, off in
pork or a handbone, and definitely seasoning. Although there are
a lot of versions of it, a lot, a lot
a lot. If you aren't familiar, um historians agree that
its roots go back to West African dishes composed of
(18:35):
rice and black eyed peas. Dishes similar to Hop and
John are made in parts of Africa to this day.
Records show the dish was a staple among its slay
people in the southern US, particularly in the Goala country
of South Carolina. Rice and black eyed peas were both
cash crops in that area. Still, others post the dish
might be Islamic in origin, since Cynegales and Nigerian Muslims
(18:57):
have a similar dish swapping out the pork for jerked beef.
Recipes for the dish started appearing in early twentieth century
American cookbooks. Didn't we I want to think about it.
Didn't we have some Hop and John when we were
in Asheville. Yes, yes, it was part of the very
first meal that we had when we got up there
at the Sierra Nevada Brewery. That's right. Yeah. And it
(19:19):
was a very very fancy hopp and John dish. It
was the best nineteen dollars I've ever spent a Hop
and John. It was good. It was really good. Huh,
Because I was about to say, I can't remember the
last time I had it. But that was it all right? Cool.
Speculation abounds about the origin of the name. One points
to the old expression hopping John used to invite guests
(19:39):
over for a meal. Yet another describes the hilarious and
probably not real tradition where children would hop around the
table once before digging into this dish. Oh, that sounds
like a thing I would well, I would have done.
And when I was a kid, if someone had told
me this is lucky do it? I would have been like,
this is an excuse to Greek some havoc in this kitchen, Okay,
(20:00):
because when I read it, I thought, why, But you're right,
maybe kids are kids, like any any reason to hop around,
I suppose. In his book Rice and Beans, The Itinerary
of a Recipe, John Thorne theorized that the name hopping
John was a coruption from the French poil pigeon pigeon pas.
(20:21):
Pigeon pas didn't really take off in the southern United States,
but they did in the Caribbean, so the term might
have resulted from some confusion. It seems like a big leap.
I don't know, I can hear the John. Sure, yeah,
h who knows? If we do it? We ken mysteries,
(20:42):
histories all the time. From a nineteen thirteen Chicago Tribune
article called Secret of Hopping John Out, recipe told for
the Dixie dish. The secret of Hopping John is out,
and they do put the g at the end. They do.
The composition of this famous Southern dish, about which successive
generations of the cooks of Dixie have thrown a hill
(21:03):
of mystery has been disclosed by an investigation conducted by
the Department of Agriculture, and is given to the World
and Farmer's bullet at number five oh nine issued today,
Not five oh nine five o nine gosh. This is
the recipe guaranteed by the government for the production of
the true hop and John. Soak one quart of dried
(21:26):
cowpies overnight and water enough to cover until they are tender,
adding more water if necessary. Cook a pint of rice
and three parts of water. Mix the two season with
two tablespoons of butter and two teaspoonfuls of salt. A
little beaver pork maybe added to the water in which
the piece are cooked. Then the bulletin proceeds to sing
the virtues of cow pies in general, which the government
(21:49):
o Pines ought to be better. No, north of the
Mason and Dixon's line. That is. That's wonderful. It's so funny,
especially because yes, they definitely call it hopping John. Yes,
this serious Southern dish. Uh. In the first few decades
(22:13):
of the twentieth century, black eyed peas and their cousins
were the most popular lagoon for livestock feed in the
United States. UM. That all started changing UM with the
introduction of soybeans. And I think the flip happened in
the nineteen thirties where soybeans took over UM and then
later with a pest that started blighting southern pea crops.
This this weevil that just weeks havoc on black eyed peas. UM.
(22:35):
So production here in the States is much smaller now
than it was UM at the beginning of the twentieth century,
and uh mostly for human consumption, and it's still troubled
by this we evil. I read that a lot of
a lot of Georgia growers are really having problems, weavil problems.
Didn't we see a giant statue of weevil? We did?
It was real weird but kind of wonderful, but kind
(22:55):
of wonderful. Yeah, that that was on our field trip
to Dothan, Alabama. Future episode about peanuts. Yes, all right,
but now we got to talk about a very important
of it we do in Los Angeles. In one will
I Am apple to app or perhaps it's a P
L D E A P with thoughts in between. We're
(23:18):
a little behind the little, We're a little two, we are,
we are. Jamie Gomez, A. K. Taboo, and Kim Hill
formed a little group called Black Eyed Pods what Ye
later renamed the Black Eyed Peas. If you're wondering why
they chose that name, Will I Am once said that
black eyed peas are food for the soul, while also
(23:40):
citing the red Hot Chili peppers as an influence and
saying he wanted to name the band after a food
like them, black eyed peas. The beans enjoyed a moment
in the sun when the EU NS of Food and
Agriculture Organization named the International Year of Pulses, which is
(24:00):
another word for dried beans like black eyed peas. Okay,
it's like I like pulses. Yeah, good, pulses are great. Yeah,
and I enjoy having work, yes, wonderful. As of twenty nineteen,
scientists that you see Riverside decoded the genome of the
black eyed peas in hopes of feeding the world's growing population,
especially as the effects of climate change become more apparent.
(24:24):
Understanding the black eyed peas toughness could help tough enough
other crops as well. It's one of only a handful
of other crops to be completely sequenced, and they contain
about thirty seven thousand jeans. So it's impressive work. That
is impressive work. And yeah, the research continues. Farmers and
scientists are looking at different varieties of black eyed peas
(24:44):
to find winning traits, you know, a particular resistance to drought,
or tolerance to pests, diseases and competing weeds in general. Um.
Less research of this type has been done with this
bean than other sustenance crops like corn or rice or
wheat or potatoes, basically because black eyed peas are less finicky.
Um But yeah, as with any crop, developing varieties that
(25:05):
are even hardier and more productive would help farmers out,
which helps everybody out there. You go, it's exciting stuff,
it is. I'm feeling inspired me too. This was I
had no idea what we were in for when we
started doing this research and it turned out to be
more more delightful than I thought. I feel like that
happens with everything we do, and that's one of my
(25:27):
favorite things at the job. Me too, there's always some
weird fact about bacteria parts that I'm just like, well,
this has made it all worthwhile. Everything This is a
good way to start the year is and we hope
that some of you at the very least found this
as entertaine as we did. But maybe you're having some
(25:48):
black eyed peas or maybe you're convinced to go get
them now. But we do have a little bit more
for you. We do. But first we've got one more
quick break for a word from our sponsor, and we're back.
Thank you sponsored, Yes, thank you, We're back with Done Done.
(26:13):
Don't god. I was so into that song it first
came out, but it has been a very long time.
It's been a minute, a minute or two at least,
at least, Sarah wrote and the end of the Candy
Cane episode, you said you liked animal pictures, even if
they were not named after food. So I thought i'd
share a little pet saver serendipity with you. I have
(26:36):
a pet snake named Aja, and my sister is afraid
of him because she doesn't like snakes in general. So
I note we are both adults and don't live together,
but we live with an easy visiting distance. But she
hasn't been to visit since I got a J. A
few weeks back, she sent me a picture she had
found online of a snake in a sweater and said
(26:57):
that she'd be less scared of a J if he
was wearing us sweater. I thought the holiday season would
be a good time to nit him a Christmas sweather,
so I made one with the red and white stripes
so we'd look like a candy cane. Candy canes and
snakes are both long and thin, right, absolutely, Your episode
on candy canes came up right as I was finishing
the sweater, so I listened to the episode while coax
(27:17):
a J into the sweater for a photo shoot. I
don't think he liked it very much, but I've attached
some photos so you can judge for yourself. They're amazing, adorable.
That is so wonderful. That is that is the best,
because snakes are so chilly and they just wanted to
be cozy and warm. Yes, and holiday, festive, holiday sweater
(27:37):
attire festive holiday snakes are even better than other snakes,
and I really love snakes, so I did do. I
would love to know if if your sister yeah this
sweater yeah update us, Hailey wrote, I'm writing from the
beer loving hippie hick, Missoula, Montana. Animal Crackers was my
(28:00):
most recent listen and I love the you mentioned rotary
dies and their importance to production. I work in a
vitamin and supplement factory. We blend and mix the ingredients
by the barrel, put them into tablet or capsule form.
I'm a level one tab press operator. Then package them
to be sent to nationwide stores and even Korea and
Taiwan on old worrying tab presses. We make a chewable
(28:21):
teddy bear shaped vitamin for children. They got classic Flintstones variety.
The bears look similar to gummy bears and are made
with rotary dies. These have a lot of issues. The
powder is sensitive to humidity changes and are sweets, so
are more likely to caramelize when the dyes get gunk
in them. The product has picking kind of like a
Plato mold with lots of hardened pieces on it that
(28:42):
produces a less detailed image. What's the first detail we lose?
The butt? When running Teddy Bears, we are constantly inspecting
the bear booties to make sure the diyes are clean.
Imagine people in white hazmat suits bunny suits um asking
supervisors in lab coats to check the little tushies under
a a lit up magnifying glass to ensure that no
(29:02):
flat asked bears leave the facility. I would expect the
production floor at any animal cracker company to be equally
frustrated about the oddly shaped animals. Anyway, thanks for expanding
both my knowledge and curiosity about food. I love to
listen when I cook, and I have whispered East Pooh
under my breath at many a brewery. So have we.
(29:26):
I love that I've never really thought about people and
has met suits having to inspect the butts of the
Vitam bears. Thank you for all the work you do. Yes,
thank you. Thanks to both of them for writing in.
If you would like to write to us, we would
love to hear from you. Our email is Hello at
(29:47):
savor pod dot com. We're also on social media and
you can find us on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram at
savor pod. We do hope to hear from you. Savor
is production of I Heart Radio and Stuff Media. If
you'd like to hear mo our podcast from my Heart Radio,
you can visit the I heart Radio app, Apple Podcasts,
or wherever you listen to your favorite shows. Thanks as
always to our super producers Dylan Fagan and Andrew Howard.
(30:09):
Thanks to you for listening, and we hope that lots
more good things are coming your way
Savor News
Hosts And Creators
Anney Reese
Lauren Vogelbaum
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