On this day in 1846, Dred and Harriet Scott, an enslaved husband and wife, filed petitions to sue for their freedom in the St. Louis Circuit Court. / On this day in 1917, artist and writer Leonora Carrington was born in England.
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Speaker 1 (00:00):
Hello everyone, it's Eves checking in here to let you
know that you're going to be hearing two different events
in history in this episode. They're both good, if I
do say so myself. On with the show. Hello, Hello, everyone,
Welcome to this day in History class, where we bring
you a new tidbit from history every day. The day
(00:26):
was April six eight. Dread and Harriet Scott, an enslaved
husband and wife in St. Louis, Missouri, each filed a
petition to get their freedom from slavery. At the time,
pro slavery and anti slavery factions were at odds with
each other, and the federal government was forced to draw
(00:46):
a line through the nation that separated free areas and
slave areas. Missouri was a slave state, but it did
have laws that if an enslaved person went to a
free state or became free, then that person was forever
sidered free. So there were paths to freedom for people
who were enslaved, even though they were considered the property
(01:07):
of their owners. A Missouri statute allowed a person who
was wrongfully enslaved to sue for their freedom. Dredd and
Harriett had spent a considerable amount of time in free territories,
and on this basis they argued that they were being
hailed as slaves wrongfully. I recognized the irony as if
a person could be rightfully enslaved either way. The Scots
(01:30):
sued for their freedom, and though their suit was unsuccessful,
Dread Scott's appeal to the U. S. Supreme Court became
a landmark case and brought the nation closer to Civil war.
Dredd Scott was born in Virginia around sevent The history
of Scott's ownership from the time of his birth is fuzzy,
(01:50):
but it is clear that eventually Peter Blow and Elizabeth
Taylor Blow were Dreads owners. By eighteen thirty, the Blow family,
in their six ves had moved from Virginia to Alabama
to St. Louis in Missouri, when they ran a boarding
house called the Jefferson Hotel. Dread went with the family
to St. Louis, but soon after they moved, Elizabeth and
(02:13):
Peter Blow died again. The details are unclear, but Dread
was sold to doctor John Emerson, an assistant surgeon in
the U. S. Army. As Emerson traveled to various military posts,
he took Dread with him, even if he was entering
free territory, and that he did, he went into Illinois
(02:33):
and Wisconsin Territory. By the terms of the Northwest Ordinance
of seventeen eighty seven, slavery was illegal in areas between
the Mississippi and Ohio River and the Great Lakes, except
as punishment for crimes. Illinois state constitution also largely prohibited slavery.
In the eighteen twenty Missouri Compromise outlawed slavery north of
(02:56):
thirty six degrees and thirty minutes north latitude ex supped
within the boundaries of the state of Missouri. The judicial
standard in Missouri was once free, always free, which meant
that enslaved people taken to free areas remained free even
if they returned to Missouri. It was during his time
with Emerson at Fort Snelling in Wisconsin Territory or modern
(03:19):
day Minnesota, when he met Harriet Robinson. Dread and Harriet
married around eighteen thirty six or thirty seven, and they
eventually had two daughters, Eliza and Lizzie. When Emerson and
his wife Irene moved a few different places, Dread and
Harriet were hired out to other people, and after Emerson's death,
(03:40):
Dread and Harriet were hired out to Samuel Russell, the
owner of a wholesale grocery. There was a precedent for
enslaved people suing for their freedom in Missouri based on
the aforementioned statute, but it wasn't until eighteen forty six
when Dread and Harriet Scott decided to follow the path
other enslaved people had and oiled suits against Irene Emerson
(04:02):
in the St. Louis Circuit Court. Dread might have waited
until this time to file a petition because he was
unhappy with his family being hired out, because Irene was
planning on selling his family, or because he had offered
to buy his family's freedom and was turned down. But
what's well documented is that Dread and Harriet filed a
petition to sue for their freedom based on their residence
(04:25):
in Free Territory on April six, with the support of
their minister, John Anderson and the Blow family, which had
become involved in abolition even though they still owned slaves.
John M. Crumb accepted their petition and Irene pleaded not
guilty to charges of unlawful imprisonment and assault and battery
(04:46):
on June seven. More than a year after the Scots
filed their petitions. Irene Emerson won the case, which was
dismissed on the technicality of Dread being unable to prove
Irene owned him. The judge Alexander Hamilton's granted Dread a
new trial, and in the second trial on January twelve,
(05:07):
eighteen fifty the jury ruled that the Scots and their
daughters were free. Of course, that didn't sit well with
Irene Emerson, who in eighteen forty eight had put the
Scots in the sheriff's custody. She appealed the case to
the Missouri State Supreme Court, which reversed the lower court's decision.
In eighteen fifty two. Dread then sued Irene's brother, John F. A. Sanford,
(05:32):
and lost the suit once again. The issue of slavery
was already a controversial one at the time, but Drett
Scott's subsequent appeal to the U. S. Supreme Court pretty
much set off a time bomb. In the Supreme Court
case Drett Scott versus Stanford, which began on February eleventh,
eighteen fifty six, the court rule that free African Americans
(05:54):
are not citizens and therefore cannot sue in federal court.
It also found that in slaved people had no rights
and as Scott was a slave, had no right to
suits in federal court. In addition to these major decisions,
the Court said that the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional and
Congress could not stop slavery from spreading into Western territories.
(06:17):
The Scots were eventually sold to the Blow family and freed,
but many of the debates leading up to the Civil
War regarding the maintenance and spread of slavery centered around
the Dread Scott decision. I'm Eves, Jeff Coote, and hopefully
you know a little more about history today than you
did yesterday. And if you'd like to learn more about
Dread Harriet in their family and the Supreme Court cases,
(06:39):
listen to the two part episode of Stuffy missed in
History class called Dread Scott Versus Stanford. If you have
any burning questions or comments to tell us, you can
find us on Twitter, Instagram and Facebook at T D
I h C Podcast. Thanks again for listening, and I
hope you I'm back tomorrow for more delicious morsels of history.
(07:09):
Hey y'all, um, Eves and welcome to this day in
History class. A show that believes no day in history
is a slow day. The day was April sixth, nineteen seventeen.
(07:30):
Artists and writer Leonora Carrington was born in England. Carrington's
work incorporated images of domesticity, the occult, fantastical creatures, and
autobiographical references. Carrington was born into an upper class Irish
Catholic family. Her parents were Marie Moorehead Carrington and Harold Carrington.
(07:51):
Leonora grew up on their estate in Lancashire, England, where
she was surrounded by animals. She also grew up listening
to fairy tales and kilty folklore, but she didn't completely
subscribe to the lifestyle that came with being part of
the upper class. She was rebellious and she was expelled
from convent schools for her behavior. Her parents wanted her
(08:13):
to be a debutante, but she was drawn to art.
They sent her to study art for a short time
in Florence, Italy, where she was inspired by the sculpture,
architecture and paintings. Though her parents still weren't fans of
her artistic inclinations, she was allowed to continue studying art
when she returns to England. She went to the Chelsea
(08:34):
School of Arts in London, and in nineteen thirty six
she enrolled at an academy founded by the French Cubist
painter amadozen Fan. While at the academy, Leonora found inspiration
in a travel memoir written by Alexandra davite Nell, as
well as a book Surrealism by Herbert Read. Leonora attended
(08:55):
the International Exhibition of Surrealism in London, where she found
herself drawn to surrealist esthetics. In seven, she met Max Ernst,
a German artist who was an important figure in the
Data art movement and Surrealism. The two of them fell
in love, and after Ernst and his wife divorced, he
and Leonora settled in southern France. Leonora became immersed in
(09:19):
her own surrealist art and began exhibiting internationally. During this period,
she created paintings such as The Meal of Lord Candlestick
and Portrait of Max Ernst, and she published her first
short story, The House of Fear, with artwork and an
introduction by Ernst. In her early works, she satirized the
upper class and rejected parts of her own upbringing, but
(09:43):
the onset of World War two disrupted her and Ernst relationship.
He was arrested several times and eventually fled to the
United States. Leonora left France and went to Spain. There,
Carrington had a nervous breakdown and was put into a
mental institution. She was subjected to shock treatment, and she
later wrote about her challenges with her mental health in
(10:04):
the book down below. Once she was released from the institution,
she went to the US and married Mexican diplomat Renato Ledu.
Their marriage was short lived, in by nineteen forty two,
she had moved to Mexico. There she married Hungarian photographer
Chicki Vice, with whom she had two children. Her time
in Mexico marked a new phase in her artwork. She
(10:27):
explored spiritualism, Tibetan Buddhism, the Kabbalah, and Celtic myths. She
became close with other surrealists in Mexico, including Romanio's Vado
and Benjamin Paray, and her artwork continued to reflect her
interests in mysticism, symbolism, and other worldly creatures. She stayed
in Mexico City for the rest of her life, though
(10:48):
she continued to exhibit internationally and visited the US. Carrington
died in two thousand and eleven due to complications from pneumonia.
I'm Eve Jeff Coote and hopefully you know a little
more about history today than you did yesterday. You can
keep up with us on social media on Facebook, Twitter,
Instagram at t d i h C Podcast. You can
(11:10):
also send us an email at this Day at I
heeart media dot com. Thanks again for listening to the podcast,
and we'll see you again tomorrow. For more podcasts from
my Heart Radio, visit the I Heart Radio app, Apple Podcasts,
(11:32):
or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.
Hello everyone, it's Eves checking in here to let you
know that you're going to be hearing two different events
in history in this episode. They're both good, if I
do say so myself. On with the show. Hello, Hello, everyone,
Welcome to this day in History class, where we bring
you a new tidbit from history every day. The day
(00:26):
was April six eight. Dread and Harriet Scott, an enslaved
husband and wife in St. Louis, Missouri, each filed a
petition to get their freedom from slavery. At the time,
pro slavery and anti slavery factions were at odds with
each other, and the federal government was forced to draw
(00:46):
a line through the nation that separated free areas and
slave areas. Missouri was a slave state, but it did
have laws that if an enslaved person went to a
free state or became free, then that person was forever
sidered free. So there were paths to freedom for people
who were enslaved, even though they were considered the property
(01:07):
of their owners. A Missouri statute allowed a person who
was wrongfully enslaved to sue for their freedom. Dredd and
Harriett had spent a considerable amount of time in free territories,
and on this basis they argued that they were being
hailed as slaves wrongfully. I recognized the irony as if
a person could be rightfully enslaved either way. The Scots
(01:30):
sued for their freedom, and though their suit was unsuccessful,
Dread Scott's appeal to the U. S. Supreme Court became
a landmark case and brought the nation closer to Civil war.
Dredd Scott was born in Virginia around sevent The history
of Scott's ownership from the time of his birth is fuzzy,
(01:50):
but it is clear that eventually Peter Blow and Elizabeth
Taylor Blow were Dreads owners. By eighteen thirty, the Blow family,
in their six ves had moved from Virginia to Alabama
to St. Louis in Missouri, when they ran a boarding
house called the Jefferson Hotel. Dread went with the family
to St. Louis, but soon after they moved, Elizabeth and
(02:13):
Peter Blow died again. The details are unclear, but Dread
was sold to doctor John Emerson, an assistant surgeon in
the U. S. Army. As Emerson traveled to various military posts,
he took Dread with him, even if he was entering
free territory, and that he did, he went into Illinois
(02:33):
and Wisconsin Territory. By the terms of the Northwest Ordinance
of seventeen eighty seven, slavery was illegal in areas between
the Mississippi and Ohio River and the Great Lakes, except
as punishment for crimes. Illinois state constitution also largely prohibited slavery.
In the eighteen twenty Missouri Compromise outlawed slavery north of
(02:56):
thirty six degrees and thirty minutes north latitude ex supped
within the boundaries of the state of Missouri. The judicial
standard in Missouri was once free, always free, which meant
that enslaved people taken to free areas remained free even
if they returned to Missouri. It was during his time
with Emerson at Fort Snelling in Wisconsin Territory or modern
(03:19):
day Minnesota, when he met Harriet Robinson. Dread and Harriet
married around eighteen thirty six or thirty seven, and they
eventually had two daughters, Eliza and Lizzie. When Emerson and
his wife Irene moved a few different places, Dread and
Harriet were hired out to other people, and after Emerson's death,
(03:40):
Dread and Harriet were hired out to Samuel Russell, the
owner of a wholesale grocery. There was a precedent for
enslaved people suing for their freedom in Missouri based on
the aforementioned statute, but it wasn't until eighteen forty six
when Dread and Harriet Scott decided to follow the path
other enslaved people had and oiled suits against Irene Emerson
(04:02):
in the St. Louis Circuit Court. Dread might have waited
until this time to file a petition because he was
unhappy with his family being hired out, because Irene was
planning on selling his family, or because he had offered
to buy his family's freedom and was turned down. But
what's well documented is that Dread and Harriet filed a
petition to sue for their freedom based on their residence
(04:25):
in Free Territory on April six, with the support of
their minister, John Anderson and the Blow family, which had
become involved in abolition even though they still owned slaves.
John M. Crumb accepted their petition and Irene pleaded not
guilty to charges of unlawful imprisonment and assault and battery
(04:46):
on June seven. More than a year after the Scots
filed their petitions. Irene Emerson won the case, which was
dismissed on the technicality of Dread being unable to prove
Irene owned him. The judge Alexander Hamilton's granted Dread a
new trial, and in the second trial on January twelve,
(05:07):
eighteen fifty the jury ruled that the Scots and their
daughters were free. Of course, that didn't sit well with
Irene Emerson, who in eighteen forty eight had put the
Scots in the sheriff's custody. She appealed the case to
the Missouri State Supreme Court, which reversed the lower court's decision.
In eighteen fifty two. Dread then sued Irene's brother, John F. A. Sanford,
(05:32):
and lost the suit once again. The issue of slavery
was already a controversial one at the time, but Drett
Scott's subsequent appeal to the U. S. Supreme Court pretty
much set off a time bomb. In the Supreme Court
case Drett Scott versus Stanford, which began on February eleventh,
eighteen fifty six, the court rule that free African Americans
(05:54):
are not citizens and therefore cannot sue in federal court.
It also found that in slaved people had no rights
and as Scott was a slave, had no right to
suits in federal court. In addition to these major decisions,
the Court said that the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional and
Congress could not stop slavery from spreading into Western territories.
(06:17):
The Scots were eventually sold to the Blow family and freed,
but many of the debates leading up to the Civil
War regarding the maintenance and spread of slavery centered around
the Dread Scott decision. I'm Eves, Jeff Coote, and hopefully
you know a little more about history today than you
did yesterday. And if you'd like to learn more about
Dread Harriet in their family and the Supreme Court cases,
(06:39):
listen to the two part episode of Stuffy missed in
History class called Dread Scott Versus Stanford. If you have
any burning questions or comments to tell us, you can
find us on Twitter, Instagram and Facebook at T D
I h C Podcast. Thanks again for listening, and I
hope you I'm back tomorrow for more delicious morsels of history.
(07:09):
Hey y'all, um, Eves and welcome to this day in
History class. A show that believes no day in history
is a slow day. The day was April sixth, nineteen seventeen.
(07:30):
Artists and writer Leonora Carrington was born in England. Carrington's
work incorporated images of domesticity, the occult, fantastical creatures, and
autobiographical references. Carrington was born into an upper class Irish
Catholic family. Her parents were Marie Moorehead Carrington and Harold Carrington.
(07:51):
Leonora grew up on their estate in Lancashire, England, where
she was surrounded by animals. She also grew up listening
to fairy tales and kilty folklore, but she didn't completely
subscribe to the lifestyle that came with being part of
the upper class. She was rebellious and she was expelled
from convent schools for her behavior. Her parents wanted her
(08:13):
to be a debutante, but she was drawn to art.
They sent her to study art for a short time
in Florence, Italy, where she was inspired by the sculpture,
architecture and paintings. Though her parents still weren't fans of
her artistic inclinations, she was allowed to continue studying art
when she returns to England. She went to the Chelsea
(08:34):
School of Arts in London, and in nineteen thirty six
she enrolled at an academy founded by the French Cubist
painter amadozen Fan. While at the academy, Leonora found inspiration
in a travel memoir written by Alexandra davite Nell, as
well as a book Surrealism by Herbert Read. Leonora attended
(08:55):
the International Exhibition of Surrealism in London, where she found
herself drawn to surrealist esthetics. In seven, she met Max Ernst,
a German artist who was an important figure in the
Data art movement and Surrealism. The two of them fell
in love, and after Ernst and his wife divorced, he
and Leonora settled in southern France. Leonora became immersed in
(09:19):
her own surrealist art and began exhibiting internationally. During this period,
she created paintings such as The Meal of Lord Candlestick
and Portrait of Max Ernst, and she published her first
short story, The House of Fear, with artwork and an
introduction by Ernst. In her early works, she satirized the
upper class and rejected parts of her own upbringing, but
(09:43):
the onset of World War two disrupted her and Ernst relationship.
He was arrested several times and eventually fled to the
United States. Leonora left France and went to Spain. There,
Carrington had a nervous breakdown and was put into a
mental institution. She was subjected to shock treatment, and she
later wrote about her challenges with her mental health in
(10:04):
the book down below. Once she was released from the institution,
she went to the US and married Mexican diplomat Renato Ledu.
Their marriage was short lived, in by nineteen forty two,
she had moved to Mexico. There she married Hungarian photographer
Chicki Vice, with whom she had two children. Her time
in Mexico marked a new phase in her artwork. She
(10:27):
explored spiritualism, Tibetan Buddhism, the Kabbalah, and Celtic myths. She
became close with other surrealists in Mexico, including Romanio's Vado
and Benjamin Paray, and her artwork continued to reflect her
interests in mysticism, symbolism, and other worldly creatures. She stayed
in Mexico City for the rest of her life, though
(10:48):
she continued to exhibit internationally and visited the US. Carrington
died in two thousand and eleven due to complications from pneumonia.
I'm Eve Jeff Coote and hopefully you know a little
more about history today than you did yesterday. You can
keep up with us on social media on Facebook, Twitter,
Instagram at t d i h C Podcast. You can
(11:10):
also send us an email at this Day at I
heeart media dot com. Thanks again for listening to the podcast,
and we'll see you again tomorrow. For more podcasts from
my Heart Radio, visit the I Heart Radio app, Apple Podcasts,
(11:32):
or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.
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