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June 2, 2021 10 mins

On this day in 1802, Aboriginal resistance leader Pemulwuy died. / On this day in 1966, NASA's lunar lander Surveyor 1 landed on the moon, marking the first time an American space probe made a successful soft-landing on the lunar surface.

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Episode Transcript

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Speaker 1 (00:00):
Hey, y'all, Eve's here. We're doubling up today with two
events in history. On with the show. Hey I'm Eves,
and welcome to this Day in History Class, a show
that uncovers history one day at a time. The day

(00:22):
was June second, eighteen o two. Aboriginal resistance leader Pima
Boy was shot dead one are just before this day.
Pemma Boy led battles against European colonists in the colony
of New South Wales who were attempting to state claims
on lands and resources in Australia. He's remembered as a

(00:44):
warrior who led guerrilla attacks on colonists where indigenous people
raised crops and farms and plundered livestock and property, and
he was known for being surprisingly resistant to bullets. There
are not many confirmed fact about Pimmel Boy's life. He
was born around seventeen fifty and he was a digical

(01:05):
man from the Botany Bay area of Sydney. His name
came from the word pim All, which meant earth or clay.
He was described as having a speck in his left eye,
and its believes that he was a charity or a
clever man or doctor who could heal wounds. One of
his feet had been hit with a club and his
toes were permanently injured. That injury could have been purposeful

(01:28):
as a mark of his status as a healer by
the late eighteenth century. In the early nineteenth century, Europeans
had begun colonizing Australia and sending convicts there. Indigenous Australians
have been living there for thousands of years, and colonists
were up ending society by bringing in new government, religion,
and culture. Many Aboriginal people resisted the influx of colonists,

(01:53):
who took over land, brought disease and created competition over resources.
Pimla Boy was one of the original people who fought
against the incursion of Europeans. Governor Arthur Philip had appointed
a convict name John McIntyre to hunt for game, but
Indigenous people were not too fond of McIntyre, as he

(02:14):
was said to have committed violent acts against them. He
allegedly wounded and killed several Indigenous people in his game hunts.
One day, Pemma Boy put a spear through the game shooter,
perforating his lung. McIntyre later died of his wounds, but
Philip did not believe that the attack was warranted as

(02:34):
McIntyre had not been armed at the time of the incident,
so the governor ordered an expedition of fifty marines carrying
hatchets and headbags to kill six Indigenous people at Botany
Bay and captured two. That expedition was not successful. Rumors
circulated that John Caesar, who was perhaps the first Australian

(02:54):
bush ranger, had killed Pemma Boy, but that was not
the case. Aboriginal peowl conducted raids for food or as
payback for colonists atrocities. Pemma Boy led a series of
raids against colonists. He led one at Prospect the Digical
Bird Huts, stole crops and attacked travelers. He also led

(03:16):
a raid at the government farm at tune Gabby, but
the Battle of Paramtta is perhaps the most notable conflict.
Pemma Boy and about a hundred Aboriginal warriors were tasted
to the outskirts of Parameda by a group of armed
colonists and soldiers, but Pemma Boy's group began spearing soldiers
and soldiers opened fire on the Indigenous people. At least

(03:39):
five Indigenous people were killed Pemma Boy was hit by
book shot and had some lodged his head and his body,
and he was taken to the hospital, but he recovered
and broke himself out of the Paramida hospital, leading to
talk of his immortality. Soon after his escape, he was
seen on the George's Ever near Botany Bay. On May one,

(04:03):
eighteen o one, Governor Philip King issued an order to
shoot Indigenous people who were near Paramatta, the Georgia's River
and Prospect Hill. Convicts who had joined the Aboriginal side
were outlawed and rewards were offered for penmel boys, capture
or killing. The order laid out the following rewards to

(04:23):
a prisoner for life or fourteen years, a conditional emancipation
to a person already conditionally emancipated, a free pardner, and
a recommendation for a free passage to England to a settler,
the labor of a prisoner for twelve months, to any
other descriptions of persons, twenty gallons of spirits and two
suits of flops. Kim A Boy was shot dead and

(04:47):
decapitated one are before June second, eighteen o two. It's
not known who killed the resistance leader, though it's been
suggested that it was a man named Henry Hacking. My
boy's head was sent to Sir Joseph Banks in London
along with the letter from Governor King. In the letter,
King described Pemma Boy as a terrible pest to the colony,

(05:10):
but also a brave and independent character. Where Pemma Boy's
skull is today is unknown. I'm Eve stepf Coote and
hopefully you know a little more about history today than
you did yesterday. If there are any upcoming days in
history that you'd really like me to cover on the show,
give us a shout on social media at t D

(05:33):
I h C podcast. And if you really love history,
there's another show that I think you will like. It's
called Unpopular and it's a podcast that I host that
is about people in history who rebelled and dissented and
challenge the status quo. And it goes in and takes
a look at how we think about dissent and resistance today.

(05:56):
Thanks again for listening and we'll see you tomorrow. Hey,
y'all on Eve's and you're listening to This Day in
History Class a podcast for people interested in the big
and small moments in history. The day was June second,

(06:25):
nineteen sixty six, NASA's lunar lander Surveyor one landed on
the Moon. The event marked the first time an American
space probe made a successful soft landing on the Moon.
On February three, nineteen sixty six, the Soviet Union's Luna
nine became the first spacecraft to make a soft landing

(06:46):
on the Moon. By this time, the Soviets and the
Americans had successfully crash landed probes on the surface of
the Moon, but landing required something to cushion the landing,
like rockets, as well as a way to send the
information back to Earth. For Luna nine, the entire spacecraft
descended to the surface, but a landing capsule was ejected

(07:07):
just before impact. NASA launched the Surveyor program to demonstrate
the feasibility of lunar surface landings. The program was also
designed to get data in preparation for NASA's Apollo space missions.
Surveyor one was the first of the series of seven
robotic spacecraft sent to the Moon as part of the program.

(07:28):
It was designed as an engineering test flight for demonstration
of its launch vehicle, the Atlas Center. It also served
to demonstrate the spacecraft's mid chorus and terminal maneuvers, as
well as radar and rocket controlled soft landing. Another one
of the missions objectives was to demonstrate the ability of
the surveyor communication system and deep space network to maintain

(07:51):
communications with the spacecraft during its flight and after a
soft landing. The planned landing site for Surveyor one was
the southwest part of Oceanic's Procellarum, a vast dark plaine
on the western edge of the near side of the Moon.
Surveyor one lifted off from Cape Kennedy on May nineteen

(08:11):
sixty six. On June second, nineteen sixty six, Surveyor one
made a low speed three point landing on the Moon
after a flight that lasted more than sixty three hours.
It landed about nine miles or fifteen kilometers away from
its target point. The space probe used a retro rocket
and thrusters to slow the lander speed down before it

(08:33):
touched the surface of the Moon. It was the first
U S spacecraft to land softly on the Moon. The
lander's first hour on the Moon was spent on engineering tests.
It carried two television cameras. Before nightfall on June fourteenth,
Surveyor one transmitted more than eleven thousand high resolution television pictures.

(08:53):
The images sent back showed that the lunar surface was
strong enough to support a landed vehicle or human. The
lander made it through the first lunar night, which is
about fourteen earth days long, on July. The mission was
ended because of a dramatic drop in battery voltage just
after sunset. Engineering information continued to be returned until January seven,

(09:15):
nine sixty seven. Surveyor two launched in September of nineteen
sixty six, but it crashed into the Moon. Five of
the Surveyor spacecraft successfully soft landed on the Moon. The
Surveyor program ended in nine Altogether, it cost four hundred
and sixty nine million dollars. I'm Eave Steph Coote and

(09:38):
hopefully you know a little more about history today than
you did yesterday. And if you have any comment, start suggestions,
or any kind words you'd like to send us, you
can't hit us up at this day at iHeart Media
dot com. You can also follow us on social media
where at T D i HC Podcast on Facebook, Twitter,
and Instagram. Thanks so much for listening to the show.

(10:00):
We'll see you tomorrow. For more podcasts from I heart Radio,
visit the iHeart Radio app, Apple podcasts, or wherever you
listen to your favorite shows.

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